SCIENCE CAREER COACHING A Complete Science Solution Hub... PHYSICS Unit - 5. Magnetism and Matter Class - 12" By Umesh Rajoria SCIENCE CAREER COACHING Near Mahalaxmi Dharam Kanta, Nawalgarh Bus Stand, Sikar (Raj.) Mob. : 8003024131, 9309068859SCIENCE CAREER COACHING Introduetion Born Megnet . Mognetic Fielol 4 Fretol Lines Mognetic Dipele ( Magneh'sm >) MegneHe Field Strength ata point cue 40 Bon Megnet lid On axjal Line of ban Mognet Gid On esuatrial Line of born Megnet -| Cuwent Loop as a Magnate Dipde Potential Energy of 2 mMegnitc olipele mia ramgeakie! field 2 Gaurms's Law for Magnetism Magnetic Field of Eonth Magnetic Element ef Covcth uid He Declination (8) eng Gi) Magnetic Di Inclination 6 Gii> Hekizentad F amponant (+H) “Im poat ont teams used in magnetism Relotion b/w magnetic Perameobility (Hy) and Megnetic Susceptibility Diamegnetic Swestonces Fonamagnatic Substances Ferromagnite Substances Curie Law in Mognetism Hysterbsis Curve. Use of Fenomegnetics Very Important QuestionsSCIENCE CAREER COACHING Umesh Rajoria “STAND UP, BE BOLD, BE STRONG. TAKE THE WHOLE RESPONSIBILITY ON YOUR’ ‘own SHOULDERS, '& KNOW, THAT YOU ARE THE CREATOR OF YOUR OWN DESTINY” ‘Near Nawalgarh Bus Stand, Sikar Contact No.: 8003024131, 9309068859SCIENCE CAREER COACHING 5. Magnetism 4 Matter Introduction - a A Greek philosopher Thales hacl observed thet a natur occuring ore of iron attractecl Small pieces of iron Fowarcds it This ove was found in an tsland tn Greece Called Mognesia. Hence that ove was named Mognetite- Magnetism - The phenomena ob attraction of small bits of ivon, Steel, Cobalt, nickel etc. towards “the ore 48 Called magnetism. The Structural formula of thts natural ore “war Feg0y - Umesh Rajoria The Chinese cliscoverect tess @ piece of bye when suaspendec freely yt abwougs points os rou the north south Yiredtion. Thus’ a natuasd mog attractive andl clivective propertes. A magnetic Compass bowed on Gnd 7D - penty of néts wos usec b navigato 1S ind their in stedvin the ships» That sree cohtile WJOA hed cablecl ‘Load’ stone’ jn the sense. Lining stone- Artificial Magnets - The natural mognets have often irregular. Shape anal i are weak founcel that a piece of ivon ov Steel Can acquire magne ties on rubemg with a magnet, Such magnets macle out of iron omd steel art Cablecl antificied magnets. A bow met, A horse Shoe magnet, magnetic needle etc. all a antificied magnets . “ “8 aa GF x ‘Near Nawalgarh Bus Stand, Sikar Contact No.- 8003024131, 9309068859 [O |SCIENCE CAREER COACHING vam nin Bar Magnet - Ist 4s the most commonly wed -form of an artificial magnet which have nofkth pole “and south pole of same strength at some clstance- oo. When we hole a sheet of glass over & Short boo magnet and sprinkle som iron Filings on the Sheet then the bron filings searvenge them- Selves Qh Ahown in figure: The pattern suggests that attraction Ja maximum Yet the dAwo ends of the bar megneb. These. encls crt catled poles of the magnet. Gasic properties of Bar Magnet - (1) Every magnet attracts small piece of magnetic subs- tances” Like” iron, cobalt, nickel and Steel Jowards it. The. attraction js maximum et the 4wo ends of the magnet. These. ends art called poles- breely with the help Aus @) When a magnet is Suspended edong. the north of a thread ,~then dt comes 4d 3outh. clirection. _ The pole. sf the magnet cohich points towards geographic north is Called ndath pole and te pile which points dowards geographic south Ja called south po. Near Nawalgarh Bus Stand, Sikar Contact No.- 8003024131, 9309068859SCIENCE CAREER COACHING Umesh Rajoria (2) The Stak dine Parsing throvah north and South pole of mognet is collec axial Line. and the Line porsin thong certre af the magnet mobi in a chrecton e ular to the. dun of- the. mognet i equotorial Linc. on na magnet lequatoriad Hine. \ aie Sa / axial Line. (4) Like poles vepel and unlike poles athact exch other. LL hehe LLL Repulsion cb Sle ; \ Attraction Le A (5) Indluctive property- when a plese. of a magnetic material Like soft ivon, Cobalt, nic ek. ie placecl near a boar magnet , wt acquires mosnetism. The mognetism So acquirecl is cabled induced magnetism and” this property of magnetism Bd Catleol “inductive. property - (6) The magnehe poles ato exist in pairs. The poles of a magnet Can never be separotes| Le. magnette monopole. co not exists . Near Nawalgarh Bus Stand, Sikar Contact No.- 8003024131, 9309068859 C3SCIENCE CAREER COACHING Umesh Rajoria Magnetic Field - Tt Gs the Space. Around a magnet or a Curent © ing Conductor in which ts magnetic effect Can Nbe felt. Im order do visualise a magnetic field raphically , Pansielag introducecl the Concept of the Aegnetc field dine’ Magnetic Field Lines- hich et Tt ws op imagin cane 1 the erie Ie Wwhac any pei INCA UA e ALCON © NeATe fild @ of ‘oat pS meg > oe There are basically uso types of magnate field - Ci) Uniform Magnetic Field - Cm x x x . . . er x x x . . . ——_$_ x x x . . . —— x Kk x es 8 oe a al x x x . . . Examples- Eanth's magnetic Fieldl , > egretic fie insicle @ Solenoid Comuging Curren etc. Gi) Non- Uniform Magnetic Field - ee, a (oN Examplke- Magnetic Field due to a ban magnet Near Nawalgarh Bus Stand, Sikar Contact No.- 8003024131, 9309068859 [OY]SCIENCE CAREER COACHING Properties of Magnetic Field Lines - Umesh Rajoria (1) The magnetic field Lines of a mognet Cor of a solenoid) form closed Contnuous ane. The mogi mares. Piet Lines extencling tern the body / Solensid pom veedth to north an the. rend) (2) Ovdsicdke the b of the magnet the elivection of magnetic fielol Lines us north pole to ipormetc for noth () The m tue. of magnetic field at an ott is representeat b ae nudber, fi magnetic pield dines peeing oymally Hrongh unrt GLa around Weak Mognetic Field = Mognete field (4) Toro mognedic field Lines Cannot iriersect each othr. Becowe at the point of intersection we two cdivections ob megnetic. fietol eohich ia no. ossible. o> P' ? s ON om fete field Lin exists inside every magne tised Near Nawalgarh Bus Stand, Sikar Contact No.- 8003024131, 9309068859SCIENCE CAREER COACHING Umesh Rajoria Note - ne Tre electic field Lins continuous curres Which arz not Closecl, whereas magnetic pied Lirss ae closed Continuous curvet. Magnetic Dipole - A magnetic clipole Consist ef two unlike. Eo of equal Strength and separated by a small cistance - Examples- Bar Magnet, a Compers needle ete, The olistance betwean the swe poles of a magnetic. cUipole. 7% called) the mognedic tenga of the magnet It jis a vector clivected from south pele do” north pole of the magnetic aipele . Tt ia Arprssertess by 2k. Magnetic Dipele Moment (M)- le On ear a the. py of Strength « either ole Cm? a em © rt e. magnet. Te ie” reputentedt Dy Opn “ET AP oh hemes M =m (at) K Magnetic clipele moment is a vector quantity and outs clivection ad fem south to north pole of the magnet. - = ee ol mf fo K——— 24 ———— *ST unit of M ds Tute/ Testa *® ST unit of pole strength m is Am. Near Nawalgarh Bus Stand, Sikar Contact No.- 8003024131, 9309068859SCIENCE CAREER COACHING Umesh Rajorta Magnetic Field Strength at a point clue to Ban Magnet point ye tert. of Pr amearation. ta ot nt Er hegpetheca Unit noni pele lace: cer St Snedt poi at wa a Vector quantity. The olirection o netic field is ers, whieh hagpe Phakic al nit mr pole . would to. move- (A) When a point Lies on axial Line of bar magnet - . Let ot be. the ma ic len of & bar re with contre 0. M Ga the netic Apole moment of mogner - token Here op= Js the clistanee pp the Peet Peon the eudad Aina pom the contre of the mognet, "Et B. k-————_ 21 —__44 ' * je a Tom wt te strength of each pele; then magnotic elo} sign ot poet bike to 8 tie eee gee B, = Mo x mx) = Mo mM SP ait G40 Magnetic fiele| Strength at Peus do N pole of magnet — Bo = AHoxmet = Mo m 2S a NPE at Cd-A So the, magnedic pied Strength o+ P olue do the bar magnet fs - ‘Near Nawalgarh Bus Stand, Sikar Contact No.- 8003024131, 9309068859 oTSCIENCE CAREER COACHING ‘Umesh Rajoria B = Ho mM — Mex ™M 4m (a1) an (d4+l)* = Mom an [eyo a] = Mem 4+07?=- fav" | 4a Cee B= Hom.4td = Mo 2mMd 4 (ee an (2 when the magnet as shod ( ec dr) soe = al BE. Ho 2m 4 NP B= He amd or | B= te 2h | (Along NP) At nah jal Li clpole netic. frelo} * OLS Liang eh FS Ue memes F (@) then point Lies on equatorial Lme of bay Magnet Let hire oP =: amd point P Les on equatorial dine of te bar magnet: Magnetic. field strergth at P che to nbn Pole. of megret— B= Mo xmxi = Mo_m Qae NP at GED ‘Magnetic fell strength at P dus do ee pole Cop Mogned — - Moxmxl = Mom Sr 4m sp? am (Paty As B, = 82 in magnitul , S50 ter verhcal Components B,Sin@ omd Br Sind Cance each oth - Hocwever. , Components along PX (which 4s paroltel to NS) add up- Near Nawalgarh Bus Stand, Sikar Contact No.- 8003024131, 9309068859 o8SCIENCE CAREER COACHING Umesh Rajoria Therekove Magnetic fiel} stren at P due do the bor magnet is - 8 em Bz GB, Cos&p + B,Co4B = 2B, CoD (along Px) - Wem L eo Bh (oP) “ITED [cose =r, B= Ao _M 4 (tae zh the mognet is short ¢ Cecd) then Rade ov | © Fa @= Meo M an “a> * An any point uedoriel Ling , magnetic Held , strength E im the Luection opposite Goat. 8 eh jeld clue to a short Mognet at omy poi a + ie fell ot riod Ling tusice them Line da of ine stl citer on the ‘Near Nawalgarh Bus Stand, Sikar Contact No.- 8003024131, 9309068859SCIENCE CAREER COACHING Umesh Rajoria Current Loop as a Megnetic Dipele - Comsidirz a plane Loo wire cassying cwrent in anticlockwise clivection- Trceigee oF hes @ dont polamity. Looking at the lower face of the boop cond Bz 022T (a) (i) Here B20 Catong the fied ) ©, = 90° ( L 4o the field) As Wo = -~MB (Cos B,- Cos B,) Wo = =hS Xa22 (Cos 96 ~ Cone’) = ~ 6-33 (0-1) = 6-33 7 Gil) Here 820 | Gy = 180 > Wot - LS x022 ( Cosl80 — Corso) = -oRs(-f-1) = 0-66 5 (b) Torque T = mBSinge () Hee OF Go Se Ts LSXO22 Singo = 0:2aNm Gi) Here @ = 130° so T = 1S x02 Sinl8. = oO Near Nawalgarh Bus Stand, Sikar Contact No.- 8003024131, 9309068859SCIENCE CAREER COACHING ‘Umesh Rajoria A cireulan coil of 16 -+tuans aid radius lo Cm. Comrazing A cunment of O.7SA vests with uts plane noymal to an extetnal field of magnitude sxio> T- The Coil is free to turn ‘abot an axis in its plane Tependhedr to the field clivecton. when the coil is. turned Shightly omel released, ib oscillates about ats stable equilibrium with a frequency of 2 st Whed is the momert of mirta ef He cout abed chs axis ef rotation 2? Sol Hee N16 , re lOem zolm. Ts ow A, Bssxis*t , v 22s" Se thet M = NTA = NT Ter> M = [6 KoTS x B14 KCon)™ Mis o377 srt: As v= 1. [MB where I is the moment ae Tt ef inertia of the ceil. MB 2 0377 «Sx we ~ = Av Ux (uy ~ DCo= poxiot eg. (Bl A regnetic pole du under the influence of tun m fe fielels. The angle between the field cirecHons is 60° and one of the fields hos a magnitude of 12x107T. If the clipode Comes to “Stable uiibrium at ‘an onge. af )s* with this field , cohad ad the magni tua of otha fied? sel Here @ = 60° By, = 2.x 7 ©, = IS", OB. Ge-Is 245° s Near Nawalgarh Bus Stand, Sikar Contact No.- 8003024131, 9309068859 16SCIENCE CAREER COACHING ‘Umesh Rajoria In equilibrium, torqurs ous so dwo fields must balance - T= te. MB, Sin GO = MB, SinBr Bs = _Bisines = 2 xi %esin is? Sin 62 sinast Be = 2 x1e* x e-asss 6-707) Gauss'’s Law -foy Magnetism - 4-4 41073 Accoreling to Gouts’s Law v mogritis™ » the ned magnet ux (oe) throngh “omg closed Surface os lea ZLaxd- Consider. a geen: vector arta element a ° His Surface. Mee ie flux through This anea e ts clepindl Ow J 3 = odd, = B-as Suri over AU small area elements o the sudace we obtain accorcling do Gouss's Law for magnetism - * The law implies thet the numbers of ned ot ee field Lines leaving an closecl surface da adis equal to the ntmber of mognutic field dines entbing we * The fact cthot Hp 0 inoclicedes thot the simplest mee element us Q_ olipole oy a Joop. The isolttecl magnetic poles Céakud magnate monopoles) Ake not Known “to exis+- Near Nawalgarh Bus Stand, Sikar Contact No.- 8003024131, 9309068859