Lecture 5&6

Intro.
to ArcGIS
GIS functions
Capture Analyze
Store Display
Query Output
Copyright © 2000, 2001 ESRI. All rights reserved. Introduction to ArcGIS I (for ArcView 8, ArcEditor 8, and ArcInfo 8) 1-2
1
Capturing data
Paper maps Digital data

GIS
480585.5, 3769234 Data
483194.1, 3768432
485285.8, 3768391
484327.3, 3768565
483874.7, 3769823
Coordinates
GPS
Storing data
Vector formats
Discrete representations of reality
X,Y X,Y X,Y
X,Y
Raster formats
Use square cells to model reality
Reality
Rows
(A highway)
X,Y Columns
2
Query
Identifying specific features
Identifying features based on conditions
Florida counties with a

population greater than 300,000
Analysis
Proximity Which parcels are within 50 feet of the road?
Overlay Well type Drilled

Building owner Smith
Soil type Sandy
Network
3
Display
Graphs
Maps
Reports
Output
Paper map Internet
GIS
Image Data Document
4
Organizing spatial data
A GIS works with thematic layers of spatial data
Answer questions by comparing different layers of

data
Representing features in vector data

Real-world entities are abstracted into three basic
shapes
Points Lines/Arcs/Routes Areas/Polygons/Regions

(Retail stores) (Streets) (Land uses)
5
Components of geographic data
Three general components to geographic information
Streets
Attributes
Geometry Behavior
Rules
Streets and
highways may
not intersect
6
ArcGIS
Tour
Introduction to ArcGIS
(for ArcView 9,
ArcEditor 9,
and ArcInfo 9)
ESRI products and data

formats
7
Overview of applications
All ArcGIS products share common
applications
ArcMap, ArcCatalog, ArcToolbox
ArcCatalog
A window into your database
Browse your data
Manage your data
Create and view data
documentation (metadata)
8
ArcMap
Primary display application
Perform map-based tasks
Displaying
Editing
Querying
Analyzing
Charting
Reporting
ArcToolbox
Geographic processing functions
Data management, analysis, and
conversion
Tools vary between ArcGIS products
9
Getting help
Contents tab
Index tab
Search tab
Other help
What’s this?
Tool tips
Overview
The ArcMap interface and tools
Data View and Layout View
Layers, data frames, and map elements
Layer properties for symbols and labels
10
The ArcMap interface
Title bar
Menu bar
Standard toolbar
Display area
Table of Contents
Dockable
Context menu
Draw toolbar
Status bar
Tools toolbar
Tear-off and dockable
Layers, data frames, and maps

Layer
Represent symbolized
spatial data

Data frame
Layers
Data frame
Organizes layers
Map
Contains data
frames, layers,
and map elements
11
Layers
Reference spatial data sources
Set symbols, labels and other properties
Manipulate through context menu
Data frames
Data frames are
containers for layers
Maps can have many data
frames
Arrange in layout view
Add from Insert menu
Activate data frames to
view from context menu
12
Maps
Holds layers, data frames, graphics, map elements
Stores information in a map document (.mxd) file
Maps
Holds layers, data frames, graphics, map elements
Stores information in a map document (.mxd) file
13
Moving around the map
Zoom in or out
Pan the display
Full extents
Back or forward one display
Zoom to a layer
Using a bookmark
Spatial bookmarks
Set and name a location extent
Return to it at any time

14
Magnifier and overview windows
See more detail or
overview without changing
display
Move over
display like a
magnifying
glass
Shows full
extent of data
Layer symbology in ArcMap

Same symbol for all features
Based on attribute values
15
Displaying qualitative values
Features
Categories
Displaying quantitative values

Quantities
Charts
16
Classifying quantitative values
Can modify classes
Equal interval Natural breaks
Quantile Standard deviation

Using the classification histogram

Manage class breaks
Move class breaks
Define
Interval
Number of classes
Method
Right-click the
histogram to
Zoom in/out
Insert/Delete breaks
Center the histogram
17
Changing symbol properties
Symbology tab or Table of Contents
Left-click
Right-click
Labeling features
Label features dynamically using attribute values
Layer properties control appearance and position
Convert labels to annotation features
18
Scale-dependent display
Display layers at specific scale range
Reduces clutter
Reduces drawing time
Layer display property
Creating a definition query

Build a query based on attributes
Only displays queried features
Does not affect source
19
Saving a layer file
Save symbology for use in other map documents
Layer files
.lyr extension
Save the display for a layer without saving an entire map
document
Load into another map document
Preview in ArcCatalog
Sources Default Customize

symbology symbology
Vector In map
Raster document
Tin Save
(.mxd)
As a separate layer
Copyright © 2000, 2001 ESRI. All rights reserved.

(.lyr)
Introduction to ArcGIS I (for ArcView 8, ArcEditor 8, and ArcInfo 8) 2-39
Changing the data source for a layer

Map documents can lose track of the source data
Source data gets moved
Source tab lets you change the data source for a

layer
Shortcut: Right-click the layer > Data > Set Data Source
Layers with
misplaced data
Click here to change

the data source
20
Exercise
Add layers
Change layer names
Classify and symbolize spatial data
Label features
Create a map layout
Set map scale
Save map document
Layer control
Right-click
name
21
Layer Properties
Properties tabs
The Symbol
Selector
Left-click
symbol
22
Changing symbols
Grouping layers
23
Identifying features
Finding features
24
Map scale
• Ratio of distance on the map to

distance on the ground
• Dimensionless: cm or inches or mm…
1 cm on map = 100,000 cm on ground
Talking about map scale
• A large denominator 1
gives a small fraction --------
Æ a small scale map. 50,000,000
It shows a large area.
1
--------
• A small denominator 500,000
gives a larger fraction
Æ a large scale map.
1
It shows a small area. --------
5,000
25
Units
• The cursor position on the screen may
be read in several different types of
units.
• Map units are determined by the x-y
coordinates stored in the data file.
– Usually they are in degrees, feet, or
meters
• Display units can be set by the user, so
that the coordinates may be viewed in
any desired unit, such as miles.
• Page units show the location on the map
page layout, usually in inches or cm.
Scale bar shows current

scale as you zoom in/out
Set map units and display units in layer properties
Position bar shows current location of cursor
Display units Page units
26
Display scale
1:325,582
Visible range set less than

or greater than a specific 1:260,425
scale.
Reference scale
Reference scale sets the
size of features relative to
a specific scale.
When set, symbols
change size after zoom
Reference scale
Reference scale not set Reference scale set
27
Don’t confuse these scale
terms
• The map scale is the ratio of the
map units to the ground units, e.g.
1:24,000. It changes when you zoom
in or out.
• The display scale range controls
whether a layer is visible only at
certain scales.
• The reference scale determines
whether symbols/text also change
size when the map scale changes
Measuring
Choose units
Measure lengths
and areas Get exact value
for a feature
28
Labeling Options
• Simple labels
– Placed by user individually
• Dynamic labels
– Placed automatically for an entire layer
• Annotation
– Created from dynamic labels
– Stored permanently with feature class
Simple Labels
29
Multi-line labels
Dynamic Labels
• Turn on/off for entire layers

• Redrawn each time the map view
changes
• Uses Autoplacement to ensure no
overlaps between labels
• Can specify classes with own symbols
• Can specify placement priorities
30
Label properties
Placement Options
polygons
points
lines
31
Point placement options
Choose preferred
locations
•Set up angled text
Polygon placement options
32
Line placement options
Lines
Scale range for labels
33
Choosing label styles
Using Label Classes
Example: Use different size text for different size towns
34
Annotation
• Provides precise control of each label

• Can be stored three ways
– As text in the map document
– As a feature class in a geodatabase
– As feature-linked annotation in a
geodatabase
• If the feature gets deleted, so does the
label
• Must have ArcEditor or ArcInfo license
Printing maps
35
Export as picture file
Using a template
36

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Lecture 5&6

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Intro.

Paper maps Digital data

X,Y X,Y X,Y

 Identifying features based on conditions

Florida counties with a

 Overlay Well type Drilled

 Answer questions by comparing different layers of

Representing features in vector data

Points Lines/Arcs/Routes Areas/Polygons/Regions

ESRI products and data

Layers, data frames, and maps

Layer symbology in ArcMap

Displaying quantitative values

Equal interval Natural breaks

Quantile Standard deviation

Using the classification histogram

Creating a definition query

 Sources Default Customize

Copyright © 2000, 2001 ESRI. All rights reserved.

Changing the data source for a layer

 Source tab lets you change the data source for a

Click here to change

• Ratio of distance on the map to

1 cm on map = 100,000 cm on ground

Talking about map scale

Scale bar shows current

Set map units and display units in layer properties

Position bar shows current location of cursor

Display units Page units

Visible range set less than

Reference scale not set Reference scale set

• Turn on/off for entire layers

Polygon placement options

Scale range for labels

Using Label Classes

Example: Use different size text for different size towns

• Provides precise control of each label

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Identifying features based on conditions

Overlay Well type Drilled

Answer questions by comparing different layers of

Sources Default Customize

Source tab lets you change the data source for a