Chemical and Biochemical Process

Design
Module 1: Conceptual Process Design
Engineering Diagrams

Paulo César Narváez Rincón

Full Professor
Chemical and Environmental Engineering Department
Chemical and Biochemical Process Research Group
Facultad de Ingeniería – Sede Bogotá
 WORKSHOP 1A
Standards and documents to develop POD, PFD and P&ID

Diagrams for the chemical and petrochemical industry -- Part 1: Specification of diagrams, ISO 10628-1:2014
Diagrams for the chemical and petrochemical industry -- Part 2: Graphical Symbols, ISO 10628-2: 2012

https://www.iso.org/standard/51840.html
https://www.iso.org/standard/51841.html

Chemical Process Equipment : Selection and Design, James R. Couper, , W. Roy Penney, James R. Fair, Elsevier Science,
2012

https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/unal/reader.action?docID=1012530&ppg=38

DOE FUNDAMENTALS HANDBOOK ENGINEERING SYMBOLOGY,PRINTS, AND DRAWINGS, Volume 1 of 2.

https://www.standards.doe.gov/standards-documents/1000/1016-bhdbk-1993-v1

DOE FUNDAMENTALS HANDBOOK ENGINEERING SYMBOLOGY,PRINTS, AND DRAWINGS, Volume 2 of 2.

https://www.standards.doe.gov/standards-documents/1000/1016-BHdbk-1993-V2

2
 FLOW DIAGRAMS
Flow diagrams show the structure and the function of a process plant

They are part of the technical documentation of a process plant and are required to:

Plan Operate

Design Manage

Procure Maintain

Construct Shut-down

Commission Decommission

Source: Diagrams for the chemical and petrochemical industry - Part 1: Specification of diagrams, ISO 10628-1:2014
 FLOW DIAGRAMS

Process Operation Diagrams POD

In the scope of this course

Process Flow Diagrams PFD

Piping and Instrumentation Diagrams P&ID

Source: Diagrams for the chemical and petrochemical industry - Part 1: Specification of diagrams, ISO 10628-1:2014
MAIN PARTS OF AN ENGINEERING DIAGRAM

Grid
system
Notes and legends
block
Graphic area

Scale

Margin References block

Revision block

Title block

Source: DOE FUNDAMENTALS HANDBOOK ENGINEERING SYMBOLOGY,PRINTS, AND DRAWINGS, Volume 1 of 2.

 Title block

Designer and
customer
Project name
approbation
name and
stamp
Document
name

Revision and dates,

including plotting
Document date
number
Revision block
Draw, designed, Specialty
Leader, Project manager,
Previous revisions Customer approbation
A customer revision Signatures or initials
B customer comments
included
.
.
0 issued for
construction
1…
 FLOW DIAGRAMS
Process Operation Diagrams POD

Depicts a process or process plant in a simplified form by means of blocks and other geometrical
figures interconnected by flow lines.

Blocks can represent:

Stages of a process: unit operations or reactions Storing

Process Alkylation

Equipment Reactor

Plant sections Air compression unit

Plants Vacuum distillation plant

Source: Diagrams for the chemical and petrochemical industry - Part 1: Specification of diagrams, ISO 10628-1:2014
 PROCESS OPERATION DIAGRAM
In the context of this course, blocks represent stages of the process: unit process or unit operations

Stage of the process name

Neutralization
T= environmental
ΔPmax = 5psi All the operation conditions of the particular stage will be
VAinitial=Va untreated Jet – A required by the equipment and process plant designer
Mass ratio Jet –A: Solution = 4.14
(Note 3)

Any additional information

 PROCESS OPERATION DIAGRAM
Other geometrical figures in POD are:

Connector: mass, energy or information flow

Decision: criteria to make a decision

Link: connection between flowcharts or flowcharts section

Input/output: mass, energy or information input or output

Adapted from https://asq.org/quality-resources/flowchart , retrieved February 11, 2021

 Input Reception Reception Reception
Untreated Jet- A NaOH 5ºBe Demineralized water

Storing Storing Storing

Va> GE
Untreated Jet-A 0.1 mgKOH/g NaOH 5ºBe Demineralized k≤
1.036
T= environmental Note1 T= environmental Note 2 water 0.06μS/cm Decision
P= atmospheric P= atmospheric T= environmental
P= atmospheric
Filtration
Dp≤100 μm
T=environmental
ΔPmax:=15 psi Filtration
Dp≤1 mm
Va≤
0.1 mgKOH/g
T=environmental
ΔPmax:=15 psi

Neutralization
T= environmental Decantation Process
ΔPmax = 5psi T= environmental stage:unit
Process
VAinitial=Va untreated Jet – A P= according to hydraulic
stage:unit operation
Mass ratio Jet –A: Solution = 4.14 calculation
process (Note 3) θ= 10 min

Spent caustic Jet A Water

Continue POD 2/2 Flowchart link Continue POD 2/2 Continue POD 2/2

Notes: Nomenclature: Operations Diagram (POD) for the

Note 1: specifications in ASTM D1655-19a Temperature: T continuous production of Jet-A free of
Note 2: aerometers include density and scale in ºBE Pressure: P naphthenic acids
Note 3: to be performed in a falling film liquid Va: Acid value
contactor. GE: specific gravity DPQYB 2021-1s POD1/2
k: electric conductivity DRW: PCNR 15/02/2021
Dp: mean Surface área-volume
CHK: AOL 21/02/2021
11
 FLOW DIAGRAMS
Process Flow Diagrams PFD

Depicts a process or process plant by means of graphical symbols interconnected by lines, representing
equipment and mass, energy or energy carriers, respectively.

A PFD has to include:

All the process equipment required for implement the process in a plant (excluding drivers)

Designation for equipment (excluding drivers)

Route, direction, denomination and quantity or flowrate and composition of ingoing and outgoing
material
Route and direction of ingoing and outgoing energy

Temperature and pressure of material flowrate (for continuous process)

Essential control, measurement and valves needs

Source: Diagrams for the chemical and petrochemical industry - Part 1: Specification of diagrams, ISO 10628-1:2014
 Essential valve

Process
equipment as it
will be designed
and built

Equipment
identification (TAG)
and description

Control loop (schematic)

Flowrate,
pressure,
temperature and
stream
identification Process equipment
represented by a
symbol, because it is
sized and selected.
A/B notation means
main and stand by
 Stream Equipment Essential valve
identification identification (TAG)
and description

Process
equipment as it
will be designed
and built

Control loop (schematic)

Process equipment
Flowrate, represented by a symbol,
pressure, because it is sized and
temperature and selected.
stream
identification A/B notation means main and
stand by

Source: Manual de ingeniería de diseño, V15, Procedimiento de Ingeniería, Preparación de Diagramas de Proceso, PDVSA, mayo 1994
 FLOW DIAGRAMS
Piping and Instrumentation Diagrams P&ID

Depicts the technical realization of a process by means of graphical symbols representing equipment, piping
and instrumentation (process measurement and control)

A P&ID has to include:

All the process equipment required for implement the process in a plant including details for
its sizing and mechanical design (nozzles, internals), identification, dimensions, design
temperature and pressure and construction materials

All the piping and valves of the process plant, including a detailed description to perform the piping
mechanical design

All the measurement and control system of the plant, including detailed description to perform the
instrumentation design

Source: Diagrams for the chemical and petrochemical industry - Part 1: Specification of diagrams, ISO 10628-1:2014
 Equipment
descrpition

Process
equipment
including its
identification Control loop: all the
(TAG) instruments (type,
identification and
location) signals

Details of the Piping process

process including its
equipment identification

Process valves
Details of the Instrumentation
process
equipment

Process
equipment Process valves
including its including its
identification identification
(TAG)

Piping process
including its
identification
Equipment
descrpition
Piping lines identification

8”- CA-101-453-1CB1S01-PP-NT

Tracing specification

Nominal
diameter

Isolation
Service specification

Construction
Number material

P&ID number