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Lecture 3 Exercises of Analysis and Calorific Value)
Lecture 3 Exercises of Analysis and Calorific Value)
3 Exercises of analysis and calorific value)
1. Calculate the gross and net calorific value of a coal which analyses: C 74%, H 6%, N 1%, O 9%,
S 0.8%, moisture 2.2% and ash 8%.
2. The ultimate analysis of a coal(moist basis in %): C 69.8 , H 4.6 , N 1.4, O 8.5, S 2.5, H2O 4.5
and ash 8.7. The gross calorific value, moist basis, is 29920 KJ/Kg. Calculate, by means of the
Dulong formula, the gross calorific value, moist basis, of the coal.
3. The proximate analysis of coal is: Moisture 2.4%, Volatile Matter 29.4%, Fixed Carbon 58%,
Ash 9.7% and Sulphur 0.5%. Its gross calorific value is 7650 Kcal/Kg. Calculate proximate
analysis and calorific value on
a) Moisture free basis
b) Dry ash free basis
4. A producer gas analyses 50% N2, 25% CO, 18% H2, 6% CO2 and 1% O2. Calculate net calorific
power (Kcal/m3).
5. The ultimate analysis of bituminous coal (dry basis %) is : C 77, H 5.8, N 1.7, O 4.8, S 2.5 and
ash 9. The moisture content is 5 %. The gross calorific power is 7650 Kcal/Kg on dry basis.
Calculate
a) Gross calorific value, moist basis
b) Net calorific value, dry basis
c) Net calorific value, moist basis
d) Gross calorific value, dry basis using Dulong formula.
6. Compare the gross and net calorific value on moist and dry basis of (a) bituminous coal and
(b) anthracite coal. The compositions are
Bituminous coal (wt %) Anthracite coal (wt %)
Carbon 78 84
Hydrogen 5 1.9
Oxygen 4.5 4
Nitrogen 1.2 0.6
Ash 7 6.7
Moisture 4.3 2.8
Solutions to selected problems
1. GCV = 339×%C + 1427(%H − %O/8) + 22×%S
= 32060.2 KJ/Kg
NCV = GCV – 24.44(9×%H + %M)
= 30630.26 KJ/Kg
Thus NCV = 0.955 times GCV in this case.
3.
Moist Moist free basis Dry ash free basis
M 2.4 − −
VM 29.4 30.12 33.45
FC 58 59.42 65.98
A 9.7 9.93 −
S 0.5 0.51 0.57
Calorific value (KJ/Kg) 32023 32810 36431
Note: Change in basis increases CV. On actual heating heat taken by moisture and ash will not
be available.
5.
Dry basis Moist basis
C 77 73.2
H 5.8 5.5
N 1 0.95
O 4.8 4.55
S 2.4 2.30
A 9 8.50
M − 5
GCV Moist basis = 338×73.2 + 1422 (5.5−4.55/8) + 22×2.3
= 31804.2 KJ/Kg
NCV Moist basis = GCV – 24.44 (5.5×9 + 5)
= 30472.2 KJ/Kg
NCV Dry basis = NCV moist basis×100/ (100−%M)
= 32076 KJ/Kg
GCV Dry basis Dulong formula = 77×338 + 1422 (5.8−4.8/8) + 22×2.4
= 33473.2 KJ/Kg
The reported value is 0.95 times smaller than calculated by Dulong formula.
Answers for other questions:
2) GCV= 28765.2 KJ/Kg
4) NCV = 5210 KJ/m3
6) GCV (Bituminous) = 7831 Kcal/Kg
GCV (Anthracite) = 7281.4 Kcal/Kg