United International University

Department of Electrical and Electronics

Engineering
Power System Protection Laboratory
EEE 478/EEE 4218 (A)
Tanzidul Aziz
ID: 021191049
Lab report – 03
Experiment name: Differential Relay Modelling using MATLAB Simulink.
Objective:
i. To develop MATLAB Simulink-based 1Ø or 3Ø line simulation and modeling.
ii. To analyses the power transformer protection scheme and protection relay design.

Simulink Model:

Input side scope result:

Output side scope result:

Simulink model of percentage relay:

Scope output:

Advantage of differential relay:

• It does not require CTs with air gaps or special balancing features.
• It permits a low fault setting to be used and this ensures maximum protection
of the windings.
 • It ensures complete stability under the most severe through fault conditions.

The disadvantage of differential relay:

• The impedance of the pilot cables generally causes a slight difference
between the currents at the two ends of the section to be protected.
• Pilot cable capacitance causes incorrect operation of the relay when a large
through-current.
Summarize: Under normal conditions and through fault conditions, the current at
two ends of the feeder is the same thereby the current induced in the CT’s
secondary would also be equal. Due to these equal currents in the CT’s secondary,
the primary of each relay induces the same EMF. Consequently, the EMF induced
in the secondaries of the relay is also the same but the coils are so connected, these
EMFs are in opposite directions. As a result, no current will flow through the pilot
loop, and thereby no operating torque is produced either of the relays.