Repetition Structures

Learning Objectives
• Define why we need Loop Statements.

• Learn about the Loop structure

• Define and implement of Counting and Conditional Loops

• Define, understand, and Learn FOR and While Loop

Computer Science Department, UET Lahore.

 Revision: Print sum of two numbers
Let’s say we want to print the sum of two numbers.

# This program adds two numbers

Statement 1 num1 = 1
Statement 2 num2 = 3
Statement 3 sum = float(num1) + float(num2)
Statement 4 print('The sum is = '+ str(sum))
--------------------------------
Output The sum is = 4
 Print sum
Let’s say we want to print sum of odd number from 1
to 10.
# This program adds five numbers
num1 = 1
num2 = 3
num3 = 5
num4 = 7
num5 = 9
sum = float(num1) + float(num2)+ float(num3) + float(num4) +
float(num5)+
print('The sum is = '+ str(sum))
--------------------------------
The sum is = 25
 Print sum
Let’s say we want to print sum of odd number from 1
to 100 or may be Sum of odd number from 1 to 1000.
# This program adds five numbers
num1 = 1
num2 = 3
num3 = 5
num4 = 7
num5 = 9
sum = float(num1) + float(num2)+ float(num3) + float(num4) +
float(num5)+
print('The sum is = '+ str(sum))
--------------------------------
The sum is = 25
Code Repetition: Problem
Is there a way, we don’t have to repeat the same
instructions again and again?
Code Repetition: Solution
In High level languages, Loops are used to repeat the
same command without writing it multiple times.
 Control structures: Iteration or looping
• The iteration statement allows
instructions to be executed until a Condition
certain condition is to be fulfilled. The
iteration statements are also called as
loops or Looping statements.
Code Block

OR
• Loops can execute a block of
code number of times until a
certain condition is met. Iteration
 Loops
In Loops, the program knows beforehand about
how many times a specific instruction or set of
instructions will be executed.
Initial Loop Update
Keyword Statement Condition statement

for (int x = 1; x < 100; x = x + 2 )

{
//body Body of Loop

}
 Loops in Python
In Loops, the program knows beforehand about how
many times a specific instruction or set of
instructions will be executed. This is called Counter
Loop Loop Initial Update
Keyword Condition Statement statement

for x in range (1,100,2) :

//body Body of Loop

 Counter Loop: Working Example
Let’s say we want to print sum of odd number from 1
to 100 or may be Sum of odd number from 1 to 100.
# This program adds 100 odd numbers
sum = 0
for x in range (1,100,2):
sum = sum + x

print('The sum is = '+ str(sum))

--------------------------------
The sum is = 2500
 Start

Initial
Statement

Loop Body of Update

Condition for Loop Statement
True

False

End
Other Types of Loops
Now, What if we don’t know beforehand how many
times a set of instructions will be executed?
 Conditional Loops
In Such cases, we will use Conditional Loops. I.e., we
will execute the loop until a certain condition is met.
Keyword Loop Condition

while (condition)
{
//body Body of Loop

}
 While Loop in Python
Then we will use Conditional Loops. I.e., we will
execute the loop until a certain condition is met.
Keyword Loop Condition

while condition :
//body Body of Loop
Conditional Loop: Working Example
Suppose, the requirement is to keep taking numbers
as input from the user until the user enters -1.
 Conditional Loop: Working Example
Suppose, the requirement is to keep taking numbers as
input from the user until the user enters -1.
# This program adds 100 odd numbers
num = 0
while (num != -1):
print(‘Enter -1 to exit.’)
num = int(input(‘Enter a number: ’))

Enter -1 to exit.
Enter a number: -1
Conditional Loop: Working Example

Loop Body of
Condition while loop
true

False
Code Repetition: Problem
Is there any way, we can stop the loop before it has
looped through all the items?
Code Repetition: Solution (Break)
for x in range(1,100,1):
print(x)
if x == 5 :
break

//Remaining code

1 2 3 4 Output
 Code Repetition: Problem
Is there any way, we can stop the current iteration
of the loop, and continue with the next?
Code Repetition: Solution (Continue)
for x in
for x in range(1,100,1):
print(x)
if x == 5:
continue

//Remaining code

1 2 3 4 6 7 8… Output
Working Example

Write a Program that prints your Name

for a given number of times you want.
Let's See Practical
Solution
Learning Outcome

In this lecture, we learnt how to

write a Python Program that repeats
a Set of Instructions for a specific
number of times to solve the given
problem using Loops.
Conclusion
● Loops are of 2 types
1. Sequence-Controlled / Counter (For Loop)
Loops.
2. Sentinel controlled / Conditional (While) Loops
● In Counter Loop, the program knows beforehand
about how many times a specific instruction or
set of instructions will be executed.
● In Conditional Loop, the program doesn’t know
the number of instruction to be executed.
Self Assessment

Write a python Program that asks the user to enter 5

numbers, one at a time, and add them together. This
is called a Running Total. Once the user is done,
display the total sum on the Console. If its below 50
ask the user to enter again.