Freely Reused

This page in a nutshell:
 All images on Commons should be reusable but…

 …each may have different requirements for crediting a photographer, linking a license, etc.
The Wikimedia Foundation owns almost none of the content on Wikimedia sites —

the content is owned, instead, by the individual creators of it. However, almost all
content hosted on Wikimedia Commons may be freely reused subject to certain
restrictions (in many cases). You do not need to obtain a specific statement
of permission from the licensor(s) of the content unless you wish to use the
work under different terms than the license states.
 Content under open content licenses may be reused

without any need to contact the licensor(s), but just
keep in mind that:
o some licenses require that the original creator
be attributed;
o some licenses require that the specific license
be identified when reusing (including, in some
cases, stating or linking to the terms of the
license);
o some licenses require that if you modify the
work, your modifications must also be similarly
freely licensed; and finally.
 Content in the public domain may not have a strict
legal requirement of attribution (depending on the
jurisdiction of content reuse), but attribution is
recommended to give correct provenance.
While the copyright and licensing information supplied for each image is believed
to be accurate, the Wikimedia Foundation does not provide any warranty
regarding the copyright status or correctness of licensing terms. If you decide
to reuse files from Commons, you should verify the copyright status of each image
just as you would when obtaining images from other sources.
Other restrictions may apply. These may
include trademarks, patents, personality rights, moral rights, privacy rights, or any
of the many other legal causes which are independent of copyright and vary greatly
by jurisdiction.
Contents
 1How to comply with a file's license requirements

o 1.1Requirements of frequently-used licenses
 2How to use a file
o 2.1Downloading
o 2.2Reuse assistance tools
 3Contacting the uploader or content creator
 4Notes
 5See also
 6Help
How to comply with a file's license requirements

Clicking on an image or media file on Wikimedia Commons [1] will take you to the
information page for that file. This will list information supplied by the uploader,
including the copyright status, the copyright owner, and the license conditions.
Except for materials believed to be in the public domain, a link to the full text of the
license(s) is included on the file description page. Some licenses also have a
summary available. Please read the full licenses for legal details. Neither the
Wikimedia Foundation nor the creators of material on Wikimedia sites provide legal
advice. If you need information about how a license applies to your particular
situation, you should contact a suitable legal professional in your jurisdiction.
To reuse a Wikimedia Commons file:
Confirm that the file is available under license terms that suit you. For
example, if the license requires derivative works to carry the same license
(Creative Commons licenses call this "ShareAlike"), that may not suit you.
 If the file is available under multiple licenses, you can

use any of them. If none of the licenses suits you, you
can try to contact the creator and negotiate a special
arrangement. Otherwise, you'll have to use a different
file.
 Verify licensing and facts. While the copyright and
licensing information supplied for each image is
believed to be accurate, the Wikimedia
Foundation does not provide any warranty regarding
the copyright status or correctness of licensing terms.
If you decide to reuse files from Commons, you should
verify the copyright status of each image just as you
would when obtaining images from other sources.
o Note: it is common for publishers to take public
domain works and republish them under their own
copyright. This may be legal, but it does not affect
the public domain status of the original work. If you
tag the work with its origin (where you got it and
where it came from originally) and the name of the
creator, this can help us if a dispute with such a
publisher arises later.
Consider non-copyright restrictions: in some countries non-copyright
restrictions (inalienable moral rights and other restrictions) may apply to the file for
some uses. For example, commercial use of images of people may require the
explicit agreement of the subject, and not just the agreement of the image creator
(see Commons:Photographs of identifiable people#Country-specific consent
requirements and Commons on personality rights).
Use it: Download or hotlink the file, and use it. (See Commons:Reusing content
outside Wikimedia/technical.)
Attribution: If attribution is required, provide attribution.
 If the copyright holder (usually the content creator [2])

has specified how, be sure to follow this. If the
copyright holder has not specified how to attribute, but
the license requires attribution, see Commons:Credit
line for a guide on how to do it.
 Note: The person who uploaded the work to
Wikimedia Commons may be the original content
creator or they may not (they may have uploaded
free content from elsewhere). In either case, the
original content creator is typically listed in the file
summary section as author. If the uploader is not the
content creator, it is the content creator who must be
credited, not the uploader.
Specify license details: If the license requires you to link to or provide a copy
of the license, do this.
Licensing derivatives: If you are creating a substantially new work using the
file ("derivative work") and the file's license requires you to license derivatives in a
certain way, be sure you comply with this.
Requirements of frequently-used licenses
Except for materials believed to be in the public domain, a link to the full text of the
license(s) is included on the file description page. Some licenses also have a
summary available. Please read the full licenses for legal details. Neither the
Wikimedia Foundation nor the creators of material on Wikimedia sites provide legal
advice. If you need information about how a license applies to your particular
situation, you should contact a suitable legal professional in your jurisdiction.
Text
The text on Wikimedia Commons is owned by the
original writer and licensed under the Creative
Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 license and
the GNU Free Documentation License.[3]
Images and other media
Almost all images and other media on Wikimedia
Commons are under some kind of free license
(usually CC-BY, CC-BY-SA, or GFDL;
see Commons:Licensing) or in the public domain.
Each media file has its licensing specified on its file
description page.
The exception is some content consisting of or
containing Wikimedia Foundation logos. Such
content will be identified with a relevant notice. [4]
Commons:Reusing content outside
Wikimedia/licenses provides some guidance on
the requirements of the frequently-used
licenses such as CC-BY, CC-BY-SA, GFDL
and GPL/LGPL.
How to use a file

Once you've determined how to comply with a
file's licensing requirements, you can access
the file for use, by either downloading the file,
or by linking to it directly.
Downloading
Basic method: On each image's file
description page, there is a link to the full
resolution version. Right-click this link and
choose "Save as..." to download the full
resolution file. (If you use
a Macintosh computer, hold down the "control"
key while clicking the link with the mouse, then
choose "Save as....")
Hotlinking or InstantCommons: It is possible
to use files directly on Commons within another
website, by setting up a MediaWiki wiki
with InstantCommons, so that Commons files
can be used as easily as they can on
Wikipedia. Directly using a Commons file via
embedding its URL ("hotlinking") is also
possible, but is not recommended.
See Commons:Reusing content outside
Wikimedia/technical. Additionally you should
always check if the needs of the license used
by the file are fulfilled if you use a file from
Commons, since e.g. the CC-BY-SA 3.0
license requires that you attribute the author
and licensor of a work in "reasonable to the
medium or means" (license).
Reuse assistance tools
A tool is available to help you reuse files

outside Wikimedia Commons, including
downloading and creating attribution
statements (credit lines). The tool requires
 a browser other than Internet Explorer (eg

Firefox, Chrome, Opera)
 JavaScript enabled
 If you're logged in, Vector or Monobook
skin enabled in your Wikimedia Commons
user preferences. (Vector is the standard
skin - if you've not changed this, your skin
is Vector.)
The tool creates buttons above an image (if
you're logged in), or to the top right (if not). For
details see Help:Gadget-Stockphoto.
Attribution Generator
The Attribution Generator makes it easy to
reuse images that have been released under
Creative Commons licenses on Wikipedia and
Wikimedia Commons. It is designed to help
comply with these license conditions and
simplify the re-use of freely licensed images.
Contacting the uploader or

content creator
If you wish to use content under terms other
than the license stated, or to absolutely verify
copyright status if you feel you need to, the
person who put it onto a Wikimedia server may
be able to assist. The uploader is named on
the "file history" portion of the file description
page.
In some cases, you may be able to contact the
uploader to find out more about an image's
copyright status or for information on the
original creator. The original creator of the
image may be willing to grant additional
permissions and may have access to higher
resolution images than those present on the
Wikimedia servers.
The Wikimedia Foundation
generally cannot assist in locating users who
have contributed material. You can try to
contact contributors yourself in a number of
ways:
1. Some have contact information, such as

a name and address or phone number,
on their user page.
2. If you're logged in: Some can be
contacted by email by clicking the
"Email this user" link in the toolbox on
their user page.
3. You can leave a message on their talk
page by clicking on the "Discussion" tab
at the top of the user page, and then
clicking the "Add topic" tab that appears
next to the "Edit" tab once the
discussion page is visible. Enter your
message and click "Publish changes"
(Your message will be visible to the
public.)
4. When free content is brought to
Commons from elsewhere, a link to the
source (e.g. a Flickr page) is often
included in the file description on
Commons. That source may have
additional information for contacting the
content creator.
Notes
1. ↑ Be sure that the content you wish to
use is actually hosted on Commons,
and not locally on another Wikimedia
project (check that the URL
says commons.wikimedia.org , and not
something else). Other projects have
other licensing policies, and some
permit "fair use" of non-free content.
Before reusing such non-free content
yourself, you should check that your
planned use of the material is
consistent with the fair use, fair
dealing or equivalent provisions of
locally applicable copyright law or you
obtain permission directly from the
copyright holder. This is no different
from grabbing an image from anywhere
else on the web.
2. ↑ Absent some explicit transfer of
ownership, the original creator is
typically the owner of a copyrighted
work. In situations where a free license
requires attribution, the original content
creator should receive credit.
 Text: the writer of a piece of text will
be the person who made the edit
putting it in the page; see the
"history" tab of the relevant page.
 Images and media:
 the uploader of an image or
piece of media is the person who
placed it on a Wikimedia server.
 The uploader may be the original
content creator or they may
not (they may have uploaded
free content here from
elsewhere). In either case, the
original content creator is
typically listed in the file
summary section as author.
3. ↑ As individuals retain the copyright to
their own work, they may offer their
contributions under other licenses or
release them into the public domain.
This is rarely the case for text on
Commons.
4. ↑ The Wikimedia Foundation logo and
logos for particular projects (such as
Wikipedia and Commons) are
trademarks of and copyrighted by the
Wikimedia Foundation. They are not
generally available for other uses,
though reuse in press or media about
Wikimedia projects is explicitly
permitted. Local "fair use" or "fair
dealing" laws (e.g. for academic or
critical purposes) may also apply in your
jurisdiction. For all other uses,
please read the trademark policy of the
Foundation.
See also
 Commons:Reuse of PD-Art
photographs (essay)
 Commons:Copyright tags
 Commons:Enforcing license terms
 Commons:Reusing content outside
Wikimedia/technical
 Commons:General disclaimer
Help
Ways to get help
 Look at the Frequently Asked Questions.

 If you place {{helpme}} on your talk page,
a volunteer will visit you there as soon as
possible!
 Join the #wikimedia-commons IRC channel
for real-time chat. New to IRC? Click here
to be connected instantly!
 Go to the Commons Help Desk.
Wikimedia Commons policies and guidelines

General disclaimer
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Project
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Precautionary principle
Pages, galleries and categories
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Photographs of identifiable people
Derivative works
When to use the PD-scan tag
Galleries
Using ImageAnnotator
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Overwriting existing files
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Assume good faith
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Behaviour
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matter
Choosing a license
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Using files Reusing content outside

Wikimedia
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License laundering
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How to detect copyright violations
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 This page was last edited on 28 June 2021, at 01:19.
 Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. All structured data from the file
namespace is available under the Creative Commons CC0 License; all unstructured text is available under
the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By usi
For the project page on the foundation itself, see Wikipedia:Wikimedia Foundation.
Coordinates: 37°47′21″N 122°24′12″W
Wikimedia Foundation
Abbreviat WMF
ion
Founded June 20, 2003; 18 years ago
St. Petersburg, Florida, US
Founder Jimmy Wales[1][2]
Type 501(c)(3), charitable organization
Tax ID 20-0049703[3]
no.
Focus Free, open-content, wiki-based Internet projects
San Francisco, California, US

Location
Los Angeles, California, US (registered agent)[4]
Area Worldwide
served
Products Wikipedia, MediaWiki, Wikibooks, Wikidata, Wikimedi
Commons, Wikinews, Wikiquote, Wikisource, Wikispeci
es, Wikiversity, Wikivoyage, Wiktionary
Members Board-only
hip
Revenue US$157 million (2021, WMF est.)[5]
127.2 million (2020)[6]

Expenses US$112.5 million (2020)
91.4 million (2019)[6]
Endowme > US$100 million[7]
nt (2021)
Employee > 550 staff/contractors (as of October 2, 2021)[8]

s
Website wikimediafoundation.org, foundation.wikimedia.org
Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. (WMF, or simply Wikimedia) is an American

foundation headquartered in San Francisco, California.[9] It owns and operates
the Wikimedia projects.[10][11][12][13]
It was established in 2003 by Jimmy Wales as a way to fund Wikipedia and its
sibling projects through non-profit means.[1][2] As of 2021, it employs over 550 staff
and contractors, with annual revenues in excess of US$150 million.
Contents
 1Goal
 2History
 3Projects and initiatives
o 3.1Wikimedia projects
 3.1.1Content projects
 3.1.2Infrastructure and coordination projects
o 3.2Affiliates
o 3.3Wikimania
 4Technology
o 4.1Hardware
o 4.2Software
 5Finances
o 5.1Wikimedia Endowment
o 5.2Financial summary
o 5.3Expenses
o 5.4Grants
 6Staff
o 6.1Board of trustees
o 6.2Advisory board
 7Independent contractors
 8Disputes
o 8.1Obtrusive fundraising
o 8.2Removal of community-appointed trustee
o 8.3Knowledge Engine
o 8.4Excessive spending
 9References
 10External links
o 10.1Other
Goal
It has the stated goal of developing and maintaining open content, wiki-based
projects and providing the full contents of those projects to the public free of
charge.[14] Another objective is political advocacy.[15]
It was granted section 501(c)(3) status by the U.S. Internal Revenue Code as a
public charity in 2005.[16] Its National Taxonomy of Exempt Entities (NTEE) code is
B60 (Adult, Continuing education).[17][18] The foundation's by-laws declare a
statement of purpose of collecting and developing educational content and to
disseminate it effectively and globally.[19]
History
Internet entrepreneur Jimmy Wales and online community
organizer/philosophy professor Larry Sanger founded Wikipedia in 2001 as an
Internet encyclopedia to supplement Nupedia. The project was originally funded
by Bomis, Jimmy Wales's for-profit business. Since Wikipedia was depleting
Bomis's resources, Wales and Sanger thought of a charity model to fund the
project.[1] The Wikimedia Foundation was incorporated in Florida on June 20, 2003.
[2][20]
It applied to the United States Patent and Trademark Office to
trademark Wikipedia on September 14, 2004. The mark was granted registration
status on January 10, 2006. Trademark protection was accorded by Japan on
December 16, 2004, and, in the European Union, on January 20, 2005. There were
plans to license the use of the Wikipedia trademark for some products such as
books or DVDs.[21]
The name "Wikimedia", a compound of wiki and media, was coined by American
author Sheldon Rampton in a post to the English mailing list in March 2003, [22] three
months after Wiktionary became the second wiki-based project hosted on Wales'
platform.
In April 2005, the U.S. Internal Revenue Service approved the foundation as an
educational foundation in the category "Adult, Continuing education", meaning all
contributions to the foundation are tax-deductible for U.S. federal income tax
purposes.[citation needed]
On December 11, 2006, the foundation's board noted that the corporation could
not become the membership organization initially planned but never implemented
due to an inability to meet the registration requirements of Florida statutory law.
Accordingly, the by-laws were amended to remove all references to membership
rights and activities. The decision to change the bylaws was passed by the board
unanimously.[23][2]
On September 25, 2007, the foundation's board gave notice that the operations
would be moving to the San Francisco Bay Area. Some considerations cited for
choosing San Francisco were proximity to like-minded organizations and potential
partners, a better talent pool, as well as cheaper and more convenient international
travel than is available from St. Petersburg, Florida.[24][25][26] The move from Florida
was completed by January 31, 2008, with the headquarters on Stillman Street in
San Francisco.[27]
In October 2017, the headquarters moved to San Francisco's One Montgomery
Tower.[28] The board appointed Janeen Uzzell as Chief Operating Officer in 2019.[29]
In September 2020, WMF's application to become an observer at the World
Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) was blocked after objections from the
government of China[30] over the existence of a Wikimedia Foundation affiliate
in Taiwan.[31] In October 2021, WMF's second application was blocked by the
government of China for the same reason.[32]
On October 25, 2021, the foundation launched Wikimedia Enterprise, a commercial
product designed to sell and deliver Wikipedia's content directly to Big
Tech companies.[33][34] WMF will also offer Wikimedia Enterprise to smaller
companies.[33]
Projects and initiatives

Wikimedia projects
For the complete list, see wmf:Special:SiteMatrix and m:Complete list of
Wikimedia projects.
Content on most Wikimedia project websites is licensed for redistribution
under v3.0 of the Attribution and Share-alike Creative Commons licenses.
Content projects
The foundation operates eleven wikis that follow the free content model with their
main goal being the dissemination of knowledge. These include, by launch date:
Name: Wikipedia Name: Wiktionary Name: Wikiboo

Description: an on Description: online ks
line encyclopedia dictionary and thesaurus Description: a
Website: www.wi Website: www.wiktion collection
kipedia.org ary.org of textbooks
Launched: Januar Launched: December Website: www.
y 15, 2001 12, 2002 wikibooks.org
Editions: more Editions: more than Launched: July
than 290 in over 170 languages and in 10, 2003
250 languages Simple English Alexa rank: 5,6
Alexa rank: 13 (Gl Alexa rank: 848 (Global 82 (Global, April
obal, April 2021)[35] , April 2021)[36] 2021)[37]
Name: Wikiquote Name: Wikivoyage Name: Wikisour
Description: a Description: travel ce
collection guide Description: dig
of quotations Website: www.wikivoy ital library
Website: www.wi age.org Website: wikiso
kiquote.org Launched: July 2003 urce.org
Launched: July as Wikitravel Launched: Nov
10, 2003 Forked: December 10, ember 24, 2003
Alexa rank: 12,12 2006 (German Alexa rank: 4,3
9 (Global, April 2021) language) 87 (Global, April
[38]
Re-launched: January 2021)[40]
15, 2013, by WMF in
the English language
Alexa rank: 41,939 (Gl
obal, April 2021)[39]
Name: Wikimedia Name: Wikispecies Name: Wikinew

Commons Description: taxonomic s
Description: a catalog of species Description: onl
repository of Website: species.wikim ine newspaper
images, sounds, edia.org Website: www.
videos, and general Launched: September wikinews.org
media 14, 2004 Launched: Nov
Website: commons ember 8, 2004
.wikimedia.org Alexa rank: 69,
Launched: Septem 738 (Global, April
ber 7, 2004 2021)[41]
Name: Wikiversity Name: Wikidat
Description: a collection of a
tutorials and courses, while Description: kn
also serving as a hosting owledge base
point to coordinate research Website: www.
Website: www.wikiversity. wikidata.org
org Launched: Oct
Launched: August 15, ober 30, 2012
2006 Alexa rank: 7,
Alexa rank: 30,973 (Global, 015 (Global,
April 2021)[42] April 2021)[43]
Infrastructure and coordination projects
Certain additional projects exist to provide infrastructure or coordination of the free
knowledge projects. For instance, Outreach gives guidelines for best practices on
encouraging the use of Wikimedia sites. These include:
Name: Meta-Wiki Name: Wikimedia Incubator

Description: central site for Description: for language
coordinating all projects and editions in development
the Wikimedia community Website: incubator.wikimedia.
Website: meta.wikimedia.o org
rg Launched: June 2, 2006
Launched: November 9,
2001
Name: MediaWiki Name: Wikitech
Description: helps Alias: Wikimedia Cloud
coordinate work Services (WMCS), formerly
on MediaWiki software known as "Wikimedia Labs"
Website: www.mediawiki.o Description: technical projects
rg and infrastructure
Launched: January 25, Website: wikitech.wikimedia.o
2002 rg
Launched: June 10, 2004
Affiliates
Further information: Wikimedia movement and List of Wikimedia chapters
Wikimedia affiliates are "independent and formally recognized" groups of people
intended to work together to support and contribute to the Wikimedia movement.
The Wikimedia Foundation's Board of Trustees has approved three active models
for affiliates: chapters, thematic organizations, and user groups. Affiliates are
intended to organize and engage in activities to support and contribute to the
Wikimedia movement, such as regional conferences, outreach, edit-a-
thons, hackathons, public relations, public policy advocacy, GLAM engagement,
and Wikimania.[44][45][46]
Recognition of a chapter and thematic organization is approved by the foundation's
board. Recommendations on recognition of chapters and thematic organizations
are made to the foundation's board by an Affiliations Committee, composed of
Wikimedia community volunteers. The Affiliations Committee approves the
recognition of individual user groups. While affiliates are formally recognized by the
Wikimedia Foundation, they are independent of the Wikimedia Foundation, with no
legal control of nor responsibility for the Wikimedia projects. [45][46][47]
The foundation began recognizing chapters in 2004. [48] In 2010, development on
additional models began. In 2012, the foundation approved, finalized and adopted
the thematic organization and user group recognition models. An additional model,
movement partners, was also approved but as of October 27, 2015, has not yet
been finalized or adopted.[44][46][49]
Wikimania
Main article: Wikimania
Each year, an international conference called Wikimania brings the people together
who are involved in the Wikimedia organizations and projects. The first Wikimania
was held in Frankfurt, Germany, in 2005. Wikimania is organized by a committee
supported usually by the national chapter, in collaboration with the Wikimedia
Foundation. Wikimania has been held in cities such as Buenos Aires,[50] Cambridge,
[51]
Haifa,[52] Hong Kong,[53] and, in 2014, London.[54] In 2015, Wikimania took place
in Mexico City,[55] in 2016 in Esino Lario, Italy,[56] 2017 in Montreal, 2018 in Cape
Town, and 2019 in Stockholm. The 2020 event was cancelled, and that of 2021
held online, due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Technology
The foundation employs technology including hardware and software to run its
projects.
Hardware
See also: Wikipedia § Hardware operations and support
Overview of system architecture, October 2015. See server layout diagrams on Meta-Wiki.

Wikimedia Foundation servers
Wikipedia employed a single server until 2004 when the server setup was
expanded into a distributed multitier architecture.[57]
By December 2009, Wikimedia ran on co-located servers, with 300 servers in
Florida and 44 in Amsterdam.[58] In 2008, it also switched from multiple
different Linux operating system vendors to Ubuntu Linux.[59][60] Since 2019, it
switched to Debian.[61]
By January 2013, Wikimedia transitioned to newer infrastructure in
an Equinix facility in Ashburn, Virginia, citing reasons of "more reliable connectivity"
and "fewer hurricanes".[62][63] In years prior, the hurricane seasons had been a cause
of distress.[64]
In October 2013, Wikimedia Foundation started looking for a second facility that
would be used side by side with the main facility in Ashburn, citing reasons of
redundancy (e.g. emergency fallback) and to prepare for simultaneous multi-
datacentre service.[65][66] This follows the year in which a fiber cut caused the
Wikimedia projects to be unavailable for one hour in August 2012. [67][68]
Apart from the second facility for redundancy coming online in 2014, [69][70] the
number of servers needed to run the infrastructure in a single facility has been
mostly stable since 2009. As of November 2015, the main facility in Ashburn hosts
520 servers in total which includes servers for newer services besides Wikimedia
project wikis, such as Cloud services (Toolforge)[71][72] and various services for
metrics, monitoring, and other system administration. [73]
In 2017, Wikimedia Foundation deployed a caching cluster in an Equinix facility
in Singapore, the first of its kind in Asia.[74]
Software
The operation of Wikimedia depends on MediaWiki, a custom-
made, free and open-source wiki software platform written in PHP and built upon
the MariaDB database since 2013;[75] previously the MySQL database was used.
[76]
The software incorporates programming features such as a macro
language, variables, a transclusion system for templates, and URL redirection.
MediaWiki is licensed under the GNU General Public License and it is used by all
Wikimedia projects.
Originally, Wikipedia ran on UseModWiki written in Perl by Clifford Adams (Phase
I), which initially required CamelCase for article hyperlinks; the double bracket style
was incorporated later. Starting in January 2002 (Phase II), Wikipedia began
running on a PHP wiki engine with a MySQL database; this software was custom-
made for Wikipedia by Magnus Manske. The Phase II software was repeatedly
modified to accommodate the exponentially increasing demand. In July 2002
(Phase III), Wikipedia shifted to the third-generation software, MediaWiki, originally
written by Lee Daniel Crocker.
Some MediaWiki extensions are installed to extend the functionality of MediaWiki
software. In April 2005, an Apache Lucene extension[77][78] was added to MediaWiki's
built-in search and Wikipedia switched from MySQL to Lucene and later switched
to CirrusSearch which is based on Elasticsearch for searching.[79] The Wikimedia
Foundation also uses CiviCRM[80] and WordPress.[81]
The foundation published official Wikipedia mobile
apps for Android and iOS devices and in March 2015, the apps were updated to
include mobile user-friendly features.[82]
Finances
Financial development of the Wikimedia Foundation (in US$), 2003–2020

Black: Net assets (excluding the Wikimedia Endowment, which currently stands at $100m+)
Green: Revenue (excluding third-party donations to Wikimedia Endowment)
Red: Expenses (including WMF payments to Wikimedia Endowment) [83]
The foundation relies on public contributions and grants to fund its mission. [84] It is
exempt from federal income tax[84][85] and from state income tax.[84][86] It is not a private
foundation, and contributions to it qualify as tax-deductible charitable contributions.
[84]
In 2007, 2008 and 2009, Charity Navigator gave Wikimedia an overall rating of
three out of four possible stars,[87] increasing to four stars in 2010.[88] As of
January 2020, the rating was still four stars (overall score 98.14 out of 100), based
on data from FY2018.[89]
The continued technical and economic growth of each of the Wikimedia projects is
dependent mostly on donations but the Wikimedia Foundation also increases its
revenue by alternative means of funding such as grants, sponsorship, services and
brand merchandising. The Wikimedia OAI-PMH update feed service, targeted
primarily at search engines and similar bulk analysis and republishing, has been a
source of revenue for a number of years,[84] but is no longer open to new customers.
[90]
DBpedia was given access to this feed free of charge.[91]
In July 2014, the foundation announced it would be accepting Bitcoin donations via
digital currency exchange Coinbase, which waives its processing fees for non-profit
organizations.[92]
Since the end of fiscal year ended 2004, the foundation's net assets grew
from US$57,000[93] to US$53.5 million at the end of fiscal year ended June 30,
2014.[94] Under the leadership of Sue Gardner, who joined the Wikimedia
Foundation in 2007, the foundation's staff levels, number of donors and revenue
saw growth.[95] By 2020, the Foundation reported net assets of US$180 million from
donations and grants and in 2021 announced plans to charge big tech companies
for preferential access to Wikipedia content. [96]
Interview with Garfield Byrd, Chief of Finance and Administration at the Wikimedia Foundation. Recorded
October 7, 2011.
Wikimedia Endowment
In January 2016, the foundation announced the creation of an endowment to
ensure the continuity of the project in the future. The Wikimedia Endowment was
established as a collective action fund at the Tides Foundation, with a stated goal
to raise US$100 million in the next 10 years.[97] Craig Newmark was one of the initial
donors, giving US$1 million to the endowment.[98]
The Foundation provided irrevocable grants of $5 million on June 29, 2016, and
$5 million on June 27, 2017, to the Tides Foundation for the purpose of the
Wikimedia Endowment.[99] Another $5 million was given in the fiscal year 2017–
2018. The amounts were recorded as part of the expense for awards and grants of
the foundation.[100]
In 2018, Amazon.com and Facebook gave US$1 million each and George
Soros donated $2 million to the endowment.[101][102][103] In January 2019, Google
donated $2 million to the endowment.[104] In 2019, Peter Baldwin and his wife, Lisbet
Rausing, donated $3.5 million, bringing their total Endowment giving to
$8.5 million; an initial $5 million was given in 2017.[105] In 2019, Craig Newmark
Philanthropies donated an additional $2.5 million to the Endowment.[106] In October
2019 and in September 2020, Amazon donated $1 million to the Endowment.[107][108]
As of January 2021, five years after it was established, the endowment was
reported to stand at more than US$90 million.[109]
In September 2021, the Wikimedia Foundation announced that the Wikimedia
Endowment had reached its initial $100 million fundraising goal, five years early. [7]
Financial summary
Wikimedia financial data through June 2019 (fiscal years are July 1 – June 30)
Fisc Revenue Y/Y Expenses Y/Y Net assets Y/Y

al (revenu (expense (net
year e) s) assets)
2003–
2004[110 US$80,129 N/A US$23,463 N/A US$56,666 N/A
]
2004–
2005[110 US$379,088 373.1% US$177,670 657.2% US$268,084 373.1%
]
2005–
2006[110 US$1,528,039 303.1% US$791,907 345.7% US$1,004,216 274.6%
]
2006–
2007[111 US$2,737,909 79.2% US$2,077,843 162.4% US$1,658,282 65.1%
]
2007–
2008[112 US$7,060,610 157.8% US$3,540,724 70.4% US$5,178,168 212.3%
]
2008–
2009[113 US$8,670,835 22.8% US$5,617,236 58.6% US$8,231,767 59.0%
]
2009–
2010[114 US$16,577,757 91.2% US$10,266,793 82.8% US$14,542,731 76.7%
]
2010–
2011[115 US$27,539,207 66.1% US$17,889,794 74.2% US$24,192,144 66.3%
]
Wikimedia financial data through June 2019 (fiscal years are July 1 – June 30)
Fisc Revenue Y/Y Expenses Y/Y Net assets Y/Y

al (revenu (expense (net
year e) s) assets)
2011–
2012[116 US$39,997,566 45.2% US$29,260,652 63.6% US$34,929,058 44.4%
]
2012–
2013[117 US$45,964,862 14.9% US$35,704,796 22.0% US$45,189,124 29.4%
]
2013–
2014[118 US$54,186,642 17.9% US$45,900,745 28.6% US$53,475,021 18.3%
]
2014–
2015[118 US$76,942,059 42.0% US$52,596,782 14.6% US$77,820,298 45.5%
]
2015–
2016[119 US$79,909,962 3.9% US$65,947,465 25.4% US$91,782,795 17.9%
]
2016–
US$90,984,160 13.9% US$69,136,758 4.8% US$113,330,197 23.5%
2017[99]
2017–
2018[100 US$103,061,638 13.3% US$81,442,265 17.8% US$134,949,570 19.1%
]
2018–
US$122,105,865 18.5% US$91,414,010 12.3% US$165,641,425 22.7%
2019[83]
2019–
US$127,163,697 4.1% US$112,489,397 23.1% US$180,315,725 8.9%
2020[6]
Expenses from the 2015–2016 financial year onwards include payments to the
endowment.[6]
Expenses
The Wikimedia Foundation expenses mainly concern salaries, wages and other
professional operating and services.[120] Payments to the Wikimedia Endowment are
also classified as expenses in the Wikimedia Foundation's financial statements. [83]
Grants
Wikimedia Foundation and chapters finance meeting 2012, Paris
In 2008, the foundation received a US$40,000 grant by the Open Society

Institute to create a printable version of Wikipedia.[121] It also received
a US$262,000 grant by the Stanton Foundation to purchase hardware,
[122]
a US$500,000 unrestricted grant by Vinod and Neeru Khosla,[123] who later that
year joined the foundation advisory board,[124] US$177,376 from the
historians Lisbet Rausing and Peter Baldwin foundation (Arcadia Fund), among
others.[122] In March 2008, the foundation announced, at the time, its largest
donation yet: a three-year, US$3 million grant from the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation.
[125]
In 2009, the foundation received four grants – the first grant was
a US$890,000 Stanton Foundation grant which was aimed to help study and
simplify user interface for first-time authors of Wikipedia. [126] The second was
a US$300,000 Ford Foundation grant, given in July 2009, for Wikimedia
Commons that aimed to improve the interfaces and workflows for multimedia
uploading on Wikimedia websites.[127] In August 2009, the foundation received
a US$500,000 grant from The William and Flora Hewlett Foundation.[128] In August
2009, the Omidyar Network committed up to US$2 million over two years to
Wikimedia.[129]
In 2010, Google donated US$2 million to the foundation.[130] The Stanton
Foundation granted $1.2 million to fund the Public Policy Initiative, a pilot program
for what would later become the Wikipedia Education Program (and the
spinoff Wiki Education Foundation).[131][132][133]
In March 2011, the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation authorized another US$3
million grant to continue to develop and maintain the foundation's mission. The
grant was to be funded over three years with the first US$1 million funded in July
2011 and the remaining US$2 million was scheduled to be funded in August 2012
and 2013. As a donor, Doron Weber from the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation gained
Board Visitor status at the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees. [134] In August
2011, the Stanton Foundation pledged to fund a US$3.6 million grant of
which US$1.8 million was funded and the remainder was due to be funded in
September 2012. As of 2011, this was the largest grant received by the Wikimedia
Foundation to-date.[135] In November 2011, the foundation received
a US$500,000 donation from the Brin Wojcicki Foundation.[136][137]
In 2012, the foundation was awarded a grant of US$1.25 million from the
historians Lisbet Rausing[136] and Peter Baldwin through Charities Aid Foundation,
scheduled to be funded in five equal installments. The first installment
of US$250,000 was received in April 2012 and the remaining were to be funded in
December 2012 through 2015. In 2014, the foundation received the largest single
gift in its history, a $5 million unrestricted donation from an anonymous donor
supporting $1 million worth of expenses annually for the next five years. [138] In March
2012, The Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, a foundation established
by Intel co-founder and his wife, awarded a US$449,636 grant to develop Wikidata.
[139]
Between 2014 and 2015, the foundation received US$500,000 from Monarch

Fund, US$100,000 from Arcadia Fund and an undisclosed amount by Stavros
Niarchos Foundation to support the Wikipedia Zero initiative.[140][141][142]
In 2015, a grant agreement was reached with the John S. and James L. Knight
Foundation to build a search engine called the "Knowledge Engine".[143][144]
In 2017, the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation awarded another US$3 million grant for a
three-year period.[134]
The following have donated a total of US$500,000 or more, each (2008–2019):
Total
Donor Years
(US$000s)
200
Alfred P. Sloan 8–2013
9,000
Foundation 201
7–2019
5,952 Stanton Foundation 2009–2012
5,000 (anonymous) 2014–2018
2,000 Omidyar Network 2009–2010
2,000 Google 2010
200
Rausing, Baldwin 8
1,527
via Arcadia, Charities Aid 201
2–2015
1,300 Hewlett 2009–2010
500 Sergey Brin and wife 2010
500 Monarch Foundation 2014–2015
Staff
Foundation staff in January 2019
In 2004, the foundation appointed Tim Starling as developer liaison to help improve
the MediaWiki software, Daniel Mayer as chief financial officer (finance, budgeting,
and coordination of fund drives), and Erik Möller as content partnership
coordinator. In May 2005, the foundation announced seven more official
appointments.[145]
In January 2006, the foundation created a number of committees, including the
Communication Committee, in an attempt to further organize activities somewhat
handled by volunteers at that time.[146] Starling resigned that month to spend more
time on his PhD program.
As of October 4, 2006, the foundation had five paid employees: [147] two
programmers, an administrative assistant, a coordinator handling fundraising and
grants, and an interim executive director,[148] Brad Patrick, previously the
foundation's general counsel. Patrick ceased his activity as interim director in
January 2007 and then resigned from his position as legal counsel, effective April
1, 2007. He was replaced by Mike Godwin who served as general counsel and
legal coordinator from July 2007[149] until 2010.
In January 2007, Carolyn Doran was named chief operating officer and Sandy
Ordonez joined as head of communications.[150] Doran began working as a part-time
bookkeeper in 2006 after being sent by a temporary agency. Doran, found to have
had a criminal record,[151] left the foundation in July 2007 and Sue Gardner was
hired as consultant and special advisor; she became the executive director in
December 2007.[152] Doran's departure from the organization was cited by Florence
Devouard as one of the reasons the foundation took about seven months to
release its fiscal 2007 financial audit.[153]
Exterior view of the previous Wikimedia Foundation's San Francisco headquarters at New Montgomery
St in 2014
Danny Wool, officially the grant coordinator and also involved in fundraising and
business development, resigned in March 2007. He accused Wales of misusing
the foundation's funds for recreational purposes and said that Wales had his
Wikimedia credit card taken away in part because of his spending habits, a claim
Wales denied.[154] In February 2007, the foundation added a position, chapters
coordinator, and hired Delphine Ménard[155] who had been occupying the position as
a volunteer since August 2005. Cary Bass was hired in March 2007 in the position
of volunteer coordinator. Oleta McHenry was brought in as accountant in May
2007, through a temporary placement agency and made the official full-time
accountant in August 2007. In January 2008, the foundation appointed Veronique
Kessler as the new chief financial and operating officer, Kul Wadhwa as head of
business development and Jay Walsh as head of communications.
In March 2013, Gardner announced she would be leaving her position at the
foundation.[156] Lila Tretikov was appointed executive director in May 2014;[157][158] she
resigned in March 2016. Former chief communications officer Katherine
Maher was appointed the interim executive director, a position made permanent in
June 2016.[159]
As of October 2, 2021, the foundation had more than 550 employees and
contractors.[8] Maryana Iskander was named as the incoming CEO in September
2021, set to take that role in January 2022.[160]
Board of trustees
The foundation's board of trustees has ultimate authority in all the businesses and
affairs of the foundation. Since 2008 it has been composed of ten members:
 three who are selected by the community

encompassed by all the different Wikimedia projects;
 two who are selected by Wikimedia affiliates
(chapters, thematic organizations and user groups);
 four who are appointed by the board itself;
 one emeritus position for the community's founder,
Jimmy Wales.[161][162]
Three permanent entities support the board on its mission and responsibilities: an
executive director who leads and oversees the operational arm of the foundation;
an advisory board composed of individuals selected by the board itself that advise
the board on different matters; and standing committees to which the board
delegates certain matters while retaining ultimate authority. The board has also at
times created other entities to support itself, such as executive secretaries and ad
hoc committees established for specific tasks.
In a decision of 2015, James Heilman was removed from the board.[163][164] In January
2016, Arnnon Geshuri joined the board before stepping down amid controversy
about a "no poach" agreement he executed when at Google, which violated United
States antitrust law and for which the participating companies paid US$415 million
in a class action suit on behalf of affected employees. [165][166] María
Sefidari was chairman of the board until she stepped down and became a paid
consultant to the foundation in June 2021.[167] Katherine Maher was the executive
director from June 2016 to April 2021.[168][109]
As of October 2021, the board comprises four community-elected trustees (Dariusz
Jemielniak, Rosie Stephenson-Goodknight, Victoria Doronina, and Lorenzo Losa);
[169]
four Board-appointed trustees (McKinsey & Company director Raju Narisetti,
[170]
Bahraini human rights activist and blogger Esra'a Al Shafei,[171] management
consulting executive Lisa Lewin, and McAfee executive Tanya Capuano); two
Affiliate-selected trustees (Nataliia Tymkiv and Shani Evenstein Sigalov); as well
as Jimmy Wales occupying the single "founder's seat".[162] Tymkiv serves as chair of
the board, alongside Al Shafei and Sigalov as vice chairs. [172]
Advisory board
The advisory board, according to the Wikimedia Foundation, is an international
network of experts who have agreed to give the foundation meaningful help on a
regular basis in many different areas including law, organizational development,
technology, policy, and outreach.[173]
Appointed members for the period from June 16, 2017, to June 30, 2018, were: [174]
 Barry Newstead
 Benjamin Mako Hill
 Clay Shirky
 Craig Newmark
 Ethan Zuckerman
 Florence Devouard
 Jessamyn West
 Kat Walsh
 Melissa Hagemann
 Mimi Ito
 Nhlanhla Mbaso
 Teemu Leinonen
 Ting Chen
 Trevor Neilson
 Ward Cunningham
 Wayne Mackintosh
Independent contractors
Among firms regularly listed as independent contractors in the Wikimedia
Foundation's Form 990 disclosures are the Jones Day law firm and the PR
firm Minassian Media; the latter was founded by Craig Minassian, a full-time
executive at the Clinton Foundation.[175][176]
The Wikimedia Foundation has been affected by the strategic consulting services
of williamsworks, a consultancy established by Whitney Williams, former Trip
Director for Hillary Clinton.[177][178][179]
Disputes
See also: Litigation involving the Wikimedia Foundation
Wikimedia Foundation post-SOPA party, 2012
A number of disputes have resulted in litigation[180][181][182][183] while others have not.

[184]
Attorney Matt Zimmerman stated, "Without strong liability protection, it would be
difficult for Wikipedia to continue to provide a platform for user-created
encyclopedia content."[185]
In December 2011, the foundation hired Washington, D.C., lobbyist Dow
Lohnes Government Strategies LLC to lobby the United States Congress with
regard to "Civil Rights/Civil Liberties" and "Copyright/Patent/Trademark". [186] At the
time of the hire the Foundation was concerned specifically about a bill known as
the Stop Online Piracy Act.[187]
In October 2013, a German Court ruled that the Wikimedia Foundation can be held
liable for content added to Wikipedia – however, this applies only when there has
been a specific complaint; otherwise, the Wikimedia Foundation does not check
any of the content published on Wikipedia and has no duty to do so. [188]
In June 2014, a copyright infringement lawsuit was filed by Bildkonst Upphovsrätt i
Sverige against Wikimedia Sweden.[189]
On June 20, 2014, a defamation lawsuit (Law Division civil case No. L-1400-14)
involving Wikipedia editors was filed with the Mercer County Superior Court in New
Jersey seeking, inter alia, compensatory and punitive damages. [190][191]
In a March 10, 2015, op-ed for The New York Times, Wales and Tretikov
announced the foundation was filing a lawsuit against the National Security
Agency and five other government agencies and officials, including DOJ, calling
into question its practice of mass surveillance which they argued infringed the
constitutional rights of the foundation's readers, editors and staff. They were joined
in the suit by eight additional plaintiffs, including Amnesty International and Human
Rights Watch.[192][193][194] On October 23, 2015, the United States District Court for the
District of Maryland dismissed the suit Wikimedia Foundation v. NSA on grounds
of standing. U.S. District Judge T. S. Ellis III ruled that the plaintiffs could not
plausibly prove they were subject to upstream surveillance, and that their argument
is "riddled with assumptions", "speculations" and "mathematical gymnastics". [195]
[196]
The plaintiffs filed an appeal with the United States Court of Appeals for the
Fourth Circuit on February 17, 2016.[197]
In February 2016, Lila Tretikov announced her resignation as executive director, as
a result of the WMF's Knowledge Engine project and disagreements with the staff.
[198][199]
Obtrusive fundraising
During the 2015 fundraising campaign, some members of the community voiced
their concerns about the fundraising banners. They argued that they were
obtrusive for users and that they could be deceiving potential donors by giving the
perception that Wikipedia had immediate financial issues, which was not the case.
The Wikimedia Foundation vowed to improve wording on further fundraising
campaigns to avoid these issues.[200]
Removal of community-appointed trustee
In June 2015, James Heilman was elected by the community to the Wikimedia
Foundation Board of Trustees.[201] In December 2015, the board removed Heilman
from his position as a trustee,[202][203] a decision that generated dispute amongst some
members of the Wikipedia community.[164] A statement released by the board
declared the lack of confidence of his fellow trustees in him as the reasons for his
ouster. Heilman later stated that he "was given the option of resigning [by the
Board] over the last few weeks. As a community elected member I see my
mandate as coming from the community which elected me and thus declined to do
so. I saw such a move as letting down those who elected me." [204] He subsequently
pointed out that while on the Board, he had pushed for greater transparency
regarding the Wikimedia Foundation's Knowledge Engine project and its financing,
[205]
and indicated that his attempts to make public the Knight Foundation grant for
the engine had been a factor in his dismissal. [206]
The volunteer community re-elected Heilman to the Wikimedia Foundation board in
2017.[207]
Knowledge Engine
Main article: Knowledge Engine (Wikimedia Foundation)
Knowledge Engine was a search engine project initiated in 2015 by WMF to locate
and display verifiable and trustworthy information on the Internet. [208] The goal of the
KE was to be less reliant on traditional search engines and it was funded with
a US$250,000 grant from the Knight Foundation.[209] The project was perceived by
some as a scandal, mainly because it was conceived in secrecy, which was
perceived by some as a conflict with the Wikimedia community's transparency. In
fact, some of the information available to the community was received through
leaked documents published by The Signpost in 2016.[210][208]
Following this dispute, Wikimedia Foundation Executive Director Lila
Tretikov resigned.[211]
Excessive spending
Wikimedia Foundation's expenses evolution by rubrics in USD
Wales was confronted with allegations that WMF had "a miserable cost/benefit
ratio and for years now has spent millions on software development without
producing anything that actually works".[207] Wales acknowledged in 2014 that he
had "been frustrated as well about the endless controversies about the rollout of
inadequate software not developed with sufficient community consultation and
without proper incremental rollout to catch show-stopping bugs". [207]
Wikimedia Foundation's expenses percentage
In February 2017, an op-ed published by The Signpost, the English Wikipedia's

online newspaper, titled "Wikipedia has Cancer" [212][213] produced a debate both in the
Wikipedian community and the wider public. The author criticized the Wikimedia
Foundation for its ever-increasing annual spending which, he argued, could put the
project at financial risk should an unexpected event happen. The author proposed
to put a cap on spending, build up its existing endowment, and restructure the
endowment so that WMF cannot dip into the principal when times get bad.
Wikimedia Foundation Executive Director Katherine Maher responded by pointing
out that such an endowment was already created in 2016, confusing creating an
endowment with building up an existing endowment. [214]
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Founded June 20, 2003; 18 years ago

St. Petersburg, Florida, US

Founder Jimmy Wales[1][2]

Type 501(c)(3), charitable organization

San Francisco, California, US

Revenue US$157 million (2021, WMF est.)[5]

127.2 million (2020)[6]

91.4 million (2019)[6]

Endowme > US$100 million[7]

Employee > 550 staff/contractors (as of October 2, 2021)[8]

Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. (WMF, or simply Wikimedia) is an American

Projects and initiatives

Name: Wikipedia Name: Wiktionary Name: Wikiboo

Name: Wikimedia Name: Wikispecies Name: Wikinew

Name: Meta-Wiki Name: Wikimedia Incubator

Overview of system architecture, October 2015. See server layout diagrams on Meta-Wiki.

Financial development of the Wikimedia Foundation (in US$), 2003–2020

Fisc Revenue Y/Y Expenses Y/Y Net assets Y/Y

Fisc Revenue Y/Y Expenses Y/Y Net assets Y/Y

Wikimedia Foundation and chapters finance meeting 2012, Paris

In 2008, the foundation received a US$40,000 grant by the Open Society

Between 2014 and 2015, the foundation received US$500,000 from Monarch

Foundation staff in January 2019

 three who are selected by the community

Wikimedia Foundation post-SOPA party, 2012

A number of disputes have resulted in litigation[180][181][182][183] while others have not.

Wikimedia Foundation's expenses evolution by rubrics in USD

Wikimedia Foundation's expenses percentage

In February 2017, an op-ed published by The Signpost, the English Wikipedia's