Lazarus and Folkman (1984) created the most influential theory of stress and

coping, which defined stress as an imbalance between perceived external or internal

demands and perceived personal and social resources to deal with them. Two

cognitive assessment processes, according to Lazarus and Folkman, can be identified.

The initial evaluation, also known as primary appraisal, entails determining whether

or not an event is personally significant. Events that are personal to you can be rated

as either positive or stressful (the latter including possible harm, threat, or challenge).

For example, Folkman and Lazarus (1985) showed that students waiting for an exam

appraised the upcoming event as particularly threatening and challenging.

Secondary appraisal is when demands are thought to be either exceeding or

stressing the resources available, stress is triggered, and coping mechanisms are

activated. Coping was characterized by Lazarus and Folkman (1984) as cognitive and

behavioral efforts to deal with stressful situations. Personality traits, personal and

societal resources, situational qualities, and other variables all influence cognitive

evaluation and coping processes.

Personal Inadequacy - involves a general feeling of not being good enough

—we may believe we can't do things correctly, aren't decent people, or can't achieve

in our chosen job. Other people may or may not be involved when it comes to

personal inadequacy. For example, I might feel unqualified for my job, or I might

doubt my capacity to realize my ambitions, or I might believe I'm failing at adulting.

This kind of incompetence can manifest itself in whatever we do (Davis, n.d.)

Fear of Failure - Some students are afraid of failing, so they neglect their studies

and quit attempting, assuming that by not attempting, they will not have to feel awful
about failing. Students who are overachievers or who do not believe in themselves

intellectually may experience this worry.(Overcoming Fear of Academic Failure:

Reasons Why Students Fail Vs. Thrive | National Society of High School Scholars,

2020)

Interpersonal Difficulties - Problems with interpersonal relationships are

referred to as interpersonal difficulties. Feelings, ideas, and behaviors that interfere

with your ability to bond with others in general or in specific types of relationships

can cause problems. (Interpersonal Difficulties Treatments, n.d.)

Teacher- Students Relationship - Teachers who develop positive relationships

with their pupils improve the classroom and surrounding atmosphere, which leads to

increased motivation. As previously said, pupils who have better ties with their

teachers obtain greater results. (Varga, 2017)

Inadequate Learning Facilities - Students are affected in two ways by the

quality of their school facilities. For starters, a lack of facilities inhibits a student's

capacity to engage in numerous studying and extracurricular activities. Second, a lack

of facilities has a detrimental impact on a teacher's job happiness, which deters them

from teaching. (Andrews, 2019)

Suicidal desire originates when individuals suffer persistent emotions of

perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness, according to the interpersonal

theory of suicide developed by Thomas Joiner, near-fatal or lethal suicidal action

occurs in the presence of suicidal desires capability for suicide (Chu, et.al., 2018).

People who had death ideation or suicidal ideation were frequently upset,

expressing difficulties concentrating, feeling dissatisfied, and finding things difficult.

Both groups agreed that functional issues like social withdrawal are a problem.

Suicidal Ideation was associated with a longer history of social phobia. People who

had death Ideation used less health services and instead sought aid from people in

their social networks. (Joo et al., 2016)

Loss of personal and social worth -

Perceived meaning in life -  can guard against poor mental health symptoms

while also giving coping strategies to mitigate the effects of bad life events.

(Humphrey & Vari, 2021)