UNIT6. Topic 1 Visual Artworks Artists

Unit 6: Appreciating Visual Arts
Introduction
Art is a universal language all humans understand and use to communicate
(Sabol, 2011).
Visual arts convey messages of emotions, ideas, or information. We use art
to express ourselves and to speak to others across time and place. Let visual
arts awaken our essential drive to create and understand visual imagery.
Let this unit familiarize you with the three (3) components of visual arts,
which are the fine arts, decorative arts, and contemporary visual arts. Let
Visual Arts enable us to explore our creative powers and nurture our artistic
capacities as we witness the beauty of fine arts in paintings, drawings,
graphics, sculptures, and architecture. Let Visual Arts stimulate our
imagination as we scrutinize the amazing decorative arts in tapestries,
textiles, ceramics, mosaic artworks, glass arts, tattoo, and jewelry. Let Visual
Arts excite our senses as we sift through the contemporary visual arts in
photography, art print, video art, animation, and graffiti.
Come along, enliven your senses, bring your desire to learn, and let’s
discover and appreciate the world of visual arts through the windows of our
souls.
Unit Learning Outcomes

At the end of the unit, you will be able to:
a. describe artistic styles of different visual arts;
b. demonstrate an understanding of visual arts, as well as their subject,

function, medium, value, and social significance;
c. create artworks from the different categories of visual arts integrating its
various elements;
d. launch a mini art exhibit of local visual arts for the community; and
e. develop a positive attitude towards the multiple functions of the visual arts
and their significance in different cultures through personal and perceptive
analysis.
161
Topic 1: Visual Artworks and Artists

Time Allotment: 3 hours
Learning Objectives
At the end of this unit, you will be able to

a. describe the different types of visual arts
b. recognize notable visual artists;
c. discover their creativity by producing visual artworks; and
d. demonstrate an appreciation of local visual artists.
Activating Prior Knowledge

Before we dive into the discussion, let us see if you are familiar with some
of the popular visual art forms created from different times, cultures, and
places. Identify the title of the artworks provided on the first column. The
names of the artists are listed at the third column for you as a clue. Pick out
your answers from the box at the end of this section and write it on the space
provided at the second column. You are given 3 minutes to finish everything.
Artwork Title Artist
Leonardo da Vinci
1.
Source: https://www.leonardodavinci.net
Vincent Van Gogh
2.
Source: https://www.vincentvangogh.org
162
Fernando
Amorsolo
3.
Source:pensievemindniche.wordpress.com
Juan Luna
4.
Source:www.nationalmuseum.gov.ph
Katsushika
Hokusai
5.
Source:https://mymodernmet.com
Joe Rosenthal
6.
Source:100photos.time.com
163
Michelangelo
7.
Source:www.italianrenaissance.org
Guillermo
Tolentino
8.
Source:https://medium.com
Richard Kissling
9.
Source:https://www.joserizal.com
Postnik Yakovlev,
Ivan Barma
10.
Source:https://russiau.com
164
Leandro Locsin
11.
Source:culturalcenter.gov.ph
Napoleon Abueva
12.
Source:https://www.wescover.com
Magdalena
Gamayo
13.
Source:pinterest.com
Pete Docter and

Ronnie del Carmen
14.
Source:letterboxd.com
Maryo delos Reyes
15.
Source:nowbrewing2013.com
165
a. Inabel b. Madonna of the Meadows c. Spoliarium

d.Magnifico e. The Great Wave of Kanagawa f. Starry Night
g. Oblation h. Raising the Flag in Iwo Jima i. Planting Rice
j. David k. Rizal’s Monument in Luneta l. St. Basil’s Cathedral
m. Pieta n. Cultural Center of the o. Monalisa
Philippines
p. Inside q. Nine Muses of the Arts r. Aristotle
Out
Presentation of Contents
Visual arts are those art forms intended to be appreciated or perceived
primarily by sight. These art forms are prevalent and incredibly diverse.
There are three (3) categories of visual arts: (i) fine arts, (ii) decorative arts,
and (iii) contemporary arts.
Fine Arts are developed primarily for aesthetics or beauty and intellectual
purposes and judged for its beauty and meaningfulness, emphasizing
painting, sculpture, drawing, watercolor, graphics, and architecture. The
perception of artistic qualities requires a refined judgment, usually referred
to as having good taste.
Decorative Arts is an art form that applies design and decoration to everyday
objects in order to make them aesthetically pleasing. This is more utilitarian
and has a function but retains an artistic style and still requires talent to create.
It includes tapestry, ceramics, mosaic art, glass art, jewelry, tattoo,
woodwork, interior design, textile arts, and crafts.
Contemporary Arts is a form of art of today, conceived in modern times,

which include photography, art print, video art, animation, graffiti, and
installation art. The art forms are produced in a globally-influenced,
culturally diverse, and technologically advancing world.
Mediums of Visual Arts

Mediums comes from the Latin word “medium” which denotes the ways or
methods by which an artist communicates his idea. These are the materials,
which are used by an artist to interpret his feelings or thoughts. Many
166
mediums are used in creating different works of art. Visual arts are those seen
mediums and which occupy space.
A two-dimensional art includes painting, drawing, printmaking, tapestry, and

photography. Three-dimensional art techniques include sculpture,
architecture, crafts, ceramics, and jewelry. The mediums in visual arts are
discussed as follows.
Two-dimensional Arts
Painting
Painting is the application of pigment to a usually flat surface. Each medium
exerts a pronounced effect on the finished product, is capable of different
treatment, and determines its stroke. These mediums are applied to wet
plaster, canvas, wood, or paper.
• Watercolor Watercolor is a painting material made up of pigment

mixed with water, which after
mixing using brush is applied into the
paper. It is possible to change a
portion of the work even if
the watercolor paint has been applied,
but the color becomes less brilliant.
Though using this medium proves to
be a challenge, some watercolor
artists are able to achieve stunning
effects through some techniques like Vincent Van Gogh, “ Fishing Boats on the Beach”
“gouache”, an opaque watercolor Source: https://artist.com/art
painting with effects caused by

the white watercolor paper used. It is done by mixing zinc white with
regular watercolor paints to tone it down and produce a dramatic
effect on the final painting
appearance.
Some of the watercolor
artists are Vincent Van Gogh,
Frank Weber, Emil Nolde, Jun
Martinez, Margarita Lim, Ang
Kiukuk, and Ephraim Samson.
“Sugarcane”
Jun Martinez,
Source:https://watercolorpainting.com/famous artists
167
 Fresco
Fresco is a painting
technique done on a
wet plastered wall.
Glowing is the
primary
characteristic of this
kind of painting. It is
one of the oldest
types of painting.
The finish outcome
of a fresco is like a
Michelangelo, “The Creation of Adam” marble wall. Quick
Source: https://admissions.johncabot.edu
application is the
technique used in
this art because it is an exacting medium. Once the paint is applied, the color
dries into plaster and becomes permanent. Other artworks on fresco paintings
are the “School of Athens” by Raphael, the “Allegory of Divine Providence
and Barberini
Power” by Pietro
da Cortona, Sistine
Chapel Frescoes
by Michelangelo,
and the “Expulsion
from the Garden of
Eden” by
Masaccio.
Fresco painting at a Bohol Church

Source: GMA News Online
168
 Tempera
Tempera (also called egg tempera) is a method of painting that employs an
emulsion of water, egg yolk or whole eggs sometimes with a little glue, honey
or milk). Tempera is
applied onto a prepared
surface. Wood panel
painting is prepared with
layers of gesso (a
mixture of size and
chalk) to form a smooth
surface. The tempera is
then applied over a
prepared drawing or
sketch and built up
slowly in a series of thin,
transparent layers. Botticelli, Birth of Venus
Tempera paintings are Source: https://artist.com/art
very long lasting, and

colors do not deteriorate over time. It dries quickly, and when dry, it produces
a smooth matte finish (Visual Arts Encyclopedia).
 Pastel
Pastel is a painting medium that consists
of color pigment in powder and a binder
compounded with gum water. It is a
very adaptable medium whose colors
Anita Magsaysay-Ho, “Harvest”

Source: https://www.pinterest.ph
are resplendent but the finished

product is difficult to preserve
because the chalk can rub off.
Fabian dela Rosa, “Manila Girl”

Source: www.pinterest.com
169
 Encaustic
Encaustic painting is a mixed media
technique that involves using heated
wax or beeswax added with colored
pigment. A prepared surface like
wood, canvas, or other materials is
usually applied with liquid or paste.
This kind of painting produces luster
and brilliance. The term comes from
Greek, meaning "burning in" (Artist
Network, 2019).
Fayum Mummy Portrait (EA74714)

Source: www.britishmuseum.org
The Fayum mummy portrait is from

the Roman period around 140-150
B.C. The portrait, a man of mature
years, perhaps was a priest, in
encaustic on lime wood: the panel is
cracked through the right side from
the upper edge to the subject's
proper left ear. A row of four nail Edgar Degas, “Four Ballerinas on
Stage”
holes indicative of reuse or Source: www.edgar-degas.org
attachment to a frame runs across
the panel 6.3 cm below the upper
edge, and a row of three holes 9-
9.5 cm above the lower edge. The
background is a greenish cream.
During the Roman period, they use
encaustic to portray the dead and
attach it to the remains after
mummification. This artifact is
housed in the British Museum.
Geraldine Javier, “Proposal for the

National Dog of the Philippines”
Source: www.pinterest.com
170
Fernando Amorsolo, “Harvest Time”

Source: www.mutualart.com
 Oil
Oil painting is one of the most high-
priced and high valued arts (painting)
Leonardo da Vinci, “Monalisa”
because of the cost of its materials. It Source: Fine Homes and Living
is the heftiest of painting mediums.
Pigments are mixed with linseed oil or turpentine and applied to the canvas
that appears glossy and last long. (Ariola, 2014) Notable artists with their
works are “Planting Rice” by Fernando Amorsolo, “The Last Supper” by
Leonardo da Vinci, “Doni Tondo” by Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti
Simoni, “Musical Allegory” by Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn, “Fisherman”
by Ang Kiukok, “Spoliarium” by Juan Luna, and “Las Virgenes Cristianas
Expuestas al Populacho” by Felix Resureccion Hidalgo.
 Acrylic
Acrylic is a synthetic paint
mixed with acrylic emulsion
binder for the surface overlaying
of the artwork. It has a quick
drying characteristics and
flexibility of oil thus making it
one of the favorites of artists
(Ariola, 2014). Acrylics evolved
over time. The acrylic paint of
earlier times are different from
today’s but they share the same
Thomas Hart Benton, “The Bicyclers” characteristics which are
Source: www.artistnetwork.com
mixable, easily cleaned or
171
thinned with water, and

dry fairly quickly
(typically between 5-20
minutes). Acrylics act as
a vehicle for any kind
of pigment, and are
capable of providing
both the transparent
brilliance
of watercolor and the
density of oil paint. They
are observed to be less
affected by extreme
temperature and other
destructive forces than
JV Totanes, “Oldest Tattoo Artist ApoWhang-Od”
oil paint. They found Source: www.saatchiart.com
approval among artists
who were anxious about the health risks posed by the usage of oil paints and
the inhalation of fumes associated with them. Because of all these desirable
features, acrylic paints became instantaneously popular with artists when they
were first commercially endorsed in the 1960s. Notable 20th-century artists
who used acrylic paint include pop artists and Warhol and Roy Lichtenstein,
Op artists Mark Rothko, Ellsworth Kelly, and Barnett Newman, and British
artist David Hockney (Artist Network, 2019).
• Mosaic
Mosaic is the art of creating images with an
assemblage of small pieces of colored glass,
stone, or other materials often glued on a
surface with plaster or cement. It is a 4000-
year-old practice and the earliest known
examples of mosaics made of different
materials were found at a temple building in
Ubaid, Mesopotamia, and are dated to the
second half of 3rd millennium BCE. They
consist of pieces of colored stones, shells and
ivory. Excavations at Susa and Choqa Zanbil
show evidence of the first glazed tiles, dating
from around 1500 BCE (Ancient History
Gigi Campos, “Misami” Encyclopedia). Some of the notable mosaics
Source:www.choosephilppines.com
are found in the churches of Basilica of
Sant’Apollinare Nuovo, Sant’Apollinare in
172
Classe and Basilica of San

Vitale (all three churches are
on the UNESCO World
Heritage List). A glass
mosaic which is one of the
largest of its kind in the
world hangs on the Villa
Harvey Mandel building in
San Diego, California.
Another impressive mosaic
is located at the New York
City subway stations. A
remarkable mosaic was also
inlaid in London, England in
the 13th century when the
A part of the mosaic “Alexander the Great”
Abbot of Westminster Source: www.pinterest.com
brought back from Italy to
England a ship full of marble, glass, and Italian craftsmen that made way for
the “Great Pavement in Westminster Abbey to be laid down that depict the
universe and its end.
• Stained Glass
Stained glass is an
artwork made by
conjoining small pieces
of precut stained glass
that is clasped by strips
of lead usually
reinforced with iron
bars that form heavy
black lines. It is mostly
used in church windows
but also sometimes
used in rose windows in
formal buildings
(Ariola, 2014). The
glass are colored with metallic oxides while in the smelted state, copper for
ruby, cobalt for blue, manganese for purple, and antimony for yellow, iron for
green. Sheets of medieval glass were produced by blowing a bubble of glass,
manipulating it into a cylindrical shape, cutting away the ends to form a roll
or tube, cutting the tube lengthwise down one side, and flattening it into a sheet
while the glass was still red hot and in a malleable state. It was then allowed
173
to cool very slowly in a

furnace so that it would be
properly annealed and not
too difficult to cut up into
whatever shapes might be
needed for the design. Since
these sheets of glass, with
the exception of a type
known as flashed glass,
were intrinsically colored
with one basic color
throughout, changes from Basilica Minore Nuestra Senora de Piat in
one color to another in the Cagayan
Source:www.hiveminer.com
design of a window could be
effected only by introducing
separate pieces of glass in each of the requisite colors. (Encyclopedia
Britannica). Examples of stained glass are the Rose windows in Notre Dame
of Paris, the windows in the Manila Cathedral, the stunning windows of Saint-
Chappelle in France.
• Tapestry or Textile
Tapestry or textile is a
piece of fabric with
images or designs
formed by weaving
colored threads or by
embroidering on canvas.
It is a woven decorative
fabric, the design of
which is built up in the
course of weaving.
Broadly, the name has
been used for almost any
heavy material, hand-
woven, machine-woven,
or even embroidered,
Bayeux Tapestry depicting the Normans used to cover furniture,
Source: Bayeux Museum
walls, or floors or for the
174
Bakong Textiles
Source: Department of Trade and Industry Region 02
decoration of clothing. Since the 18th and 19th centuries, however, the
technical definition of tapestry has been narrowed to include only heavy,
reversible, patterned or figured hand-woven textiles, usually in the form of
fabrics for hangings, upholstery, and added decoration to clothing. Examples
of tapestries or textiles are the “Gaddang textile” from Nueva Vizcaya, the
“Inabel” of Ilocos Norte, the Malong of Maranaw, “The Lady and the
Unicorn” from Australia.
Drawing
Drawing is done on a light colored
surface like paper, wood, canvas
using pencil, pen and ink, or charcoal
and usually done as training for
artists.
 Pencils are made of graphite

and are graded to indicate the
different degrees of hardness
and softness, which provides
variations, and shade
gradations of the resulting
drawing. To create lines, the
hard pencils are used and for
creating textures and shades,
the soft ones are used.
Pencil Drawing
Source: noypicollection.com
175
 Pen and Ink is executed with

the use of black and other colored
inks, India ink, Chinese ink, liners,
markers, and regular ballpoint pen
are some of the favorite samples
used by comic strip illustrators and
cartoonists.
 Charcoal is a drawing material

made of carbon in different forms
like stick, compressed, powder,
and vine. It is used in representing
broad masses of light and shadow
by blending, smearing, or
smudging over paper or other light
colored surfaces.
 Crayons are colored sticks

made from paraffin wax mixed
Charcoal Rendering with pigments. It is trendy among
Source: Arts and Display
children. The ideal surface for
crayons is paper.
Pen and India Ink

Source: www.saatchiart.com
176
Printmaking
Printmaking is done by
creating an artist’s plate,
which can either be
original artwork or from
an image which can later
on transferred to a white
paper using black ink. It is
usually done for
duplicating or making
multiple copies of an
original drawing. The
different major techniques Katsushik Hokusai, “The Underwave of
in printmaking are relief Kanagawa”
Source: metmuseum.org
process (woodcut, wood
engraving, linoleum cut, metal cut, cardboard cut, relief etching, rubbing, and
dotted print), intaglio process (engraving, drypoint, mezzotint, crayon
engraving, etching, and metal graphic), surface printing, special techniques
(monoprint, cliché-verre, cellocut, collagraphy, plaster print), and process
prints (linecut, halftone cut, rotogravure, and offset lithography). Notable
examples of printmaking, are “A Flood on Java” by Raden Saleh, “Combat of
the Giaour and the Pasha” by Eugene Delacroix, “Durer’s Rhinoceros” by
Albrecht Durer,
“Guru Tokimune” by
Yoshitoshi, check out
the other works of
Manuel Rodriguez
Sr., the Father of
Printmaking in the
Philippines like
“Dance of the Fire
Birds”, “Interlude”,
and “Sabong”, and
the works of
Benedicto “BenCab”
Cabrera “Sabel”,
“Ang Babae sa
Duyan”, and
“Tryptych on Love”.
Manuel Rodriguez Sr.
Source: thantsinkedup.com
177
Lithography
Lithography is a reproduction
process that uses a leveled stone
or metal plate on which the
positive image areas are worked
by means of a greasy substance
so that the ink will stick to the
surface, while the negative
image areas are made ink-
repellent. Lithography literally
means “to write on stone.” It
came from the Greek word
lithos meaning “stone” and
graphein meaning “to write”. It
was invented in the late
eighteenth century, initially
using limestone as the printing Pablo Picasso, “Guernica 2”
Source: Society6.com
surface. Lithography is a
printing process established on the point that grease and water do not blend.
The image is smeared to a leveled yet grained surface (traditionally stone but
now usually aluminum) using a greasy medium: such as a special greasy ink
– called tusche, crayon, pencils, lacquer, or synthetic materials. A solution
of gum arabic and nitric acid is
applied over the surface, producing
water-receptive non-printing areas
and grease-receptive image areas.
The printing surface is kept damp, so
that a roller charged with oil-based
ink can be rolled over the surface, and
ink will only stick to the grease-
receptive image area. Paper is then
placed against the surface and the
plate is run through a press (Tate UK).
Notable lithography artists are Pablo
Picasso, Marc Chagall, Claude
Garache, Wilfredo Lam, Ronald
Ventura, Ambie Abanos, and Arturo
Ambie Abanos, “True North” Luz.
Source: http://verafiles.org
178
Tattoo
Tattoo is the
permanent
insertion of ink
below the skin,
using a sharp
instrument.
Humans have
done tattooing
for cosmetic and
ritual purposes
since at least the
Neolithic era.
Some tattoo Apo Whang-Od doing the traditional hand poking tattooing
Source: www.gifted.ph
artists are still
using traditional techniques, tools and pigments. In the Philippines, the most
notable traditional tattoo artist is Apo Whang-Od from Kalinga province who
uses lemon thorn and charcoal ink for her art. Some of today’s tattoo practice
is made relatively safe by the use of nonreactive pigments, sterile, disposable
needles, and sterile work conditions. Some of the notable tattoo artists both
foreign and local are Ajarn Noo Kanpai, Alex Muller, Norman Keith “Sailor
Jerry” Collins, Maud Stevens Wagner, Apo Whang-Od, Kenneth Iwarat, Draz
Palaming, and Dragon Edong.
Photography or Pictorialism
Photography is the art,
utilization, and practice of
creating long-lasting images
by recording light or other
electromagnetic radiation,
either electronically
utilizing an image sensor, or
chemically using a light-
sensitive material such as
Andreas Gursky, “Rhein II” priced at US$ 4.3M photographic film.
Source: http://www.lik.com/ Pictorialism is an approach
to photography that
emphasizes beauty of subject matter, tonality, and composition rather than the
documentation of reality. The Pictorialist perspective was born in the late
1860s. It approached the camera as a tool that, like the paintbrush and chisel,
could be used to make an artistic statement.
179
The essential elements of the image

captured by a camera are usually
established immediately at the time of
exposure. This characteristic is unique
to photography and sets it apart from
other ways of picture making. The
seemingly automatic recording of an
image by photography has given the
process a sense of authenticity shared
by no other picture-making technique.
The photograph possesses, in the
popular mind, such apparent accuracy
that the adage “the camera does not
lie” has become an accepted cliché
(Encyclopedia Britannica). Among the Angelo Fan, “Bouyancy”
famous photographers are Anne Source: International Photo Awards
Geddes who is notable for her photos

of babies, Cindy Sherman with her conceptual portraits, Paul Quiambao with
his captivating UST photos, and Eduardo Masferre (the Father of Philippine
Photography) for his impressive photographic cultural chronicles of the upland
people.
Graffiti
Graffiti are writing or drawings
that have been scribbled
scratched, or painted illicitly on
a wall or other surface, often
within public view. The word
graffiti, or its singular
form “graffito”, comes from
the Italian word graffiato which
means “scratched”. While the
practice of creating graffiti has
existed since ancient times, it
Kookoo Ramos
comes to the forefront as a
Source: artradarjournal.com modern art movement in the
second half of the 20th century
(Anirudh, 2017). Graffiti is one of the most radical contemporary art
movements; "graffiti art" (also called "Street Art," "Spray can Art," "Subway
180
Art" or "Aerosol Art")

commonly refers to
beautiful imagery
applied by paint or
other means to
buildings, public
transport or other
property. According to
Brighenti (2010),
graffiti is an
“interstitial practice”,
a practice about which
different actors hold Eduardo Cobra
Source: timesofindia.indiatimes.com
different conceptions,
depending on how it is
related to other practices such as ‘art and design (as aesthetic work), criminal
law (as vandalism crime), politics (as a message of resistance and liberation),
and market (as merchandisable product). Among the famous graffiti artists
in the world are David Choe, Lady Pink, Bansky, Brian Barrios, and KooKoo
Ramos.
Three-dimensional Arts
Sculpture
Sculpture is a kind of visual arts that

operates in three dimensions. The three
(3) classifications are freestanding,
relief, and environmental. The mediums
used in sculpture are further discussed
below. (Gallery 104) There are
numerous notable sculptures since time
immemorial; some of which are the
“David”, “Venus de Milo”, “Terracotta
Warriors”, “UP Oblation”,
“Gomburza”, “Rizal’s Monument”,
“EDSA Shrine”, and “Blood Compact”
to name a few.
Guillermo Tolentino, “Oblation”
Source:https://medium.comhttps://medium.com
181
 Stone includes sandstones,

granite, basalt, marble, and
limestone. It is a hard substance
formed from mineral and earth
material whose finished product
is rough and dull look. (Ariola,
2014)
 Jade is a semi-precious green or

whitish stone, which is highly
esteemed and widely used in
China as an ornamental stone for
carving and jewelry.
 Ivory is the hard white or cream-

colored substance from tusks of
animals like elephants, walrus, Napoleon Abueva, “Family
etc. used for carvings. Group” Source: pinterest.com
 Metals are one of the favorite materials used by sculptors because of

its ductility, conductivity and luster. The metals used as mediums for
sculpture are copper, brass, bronze, silver, gold, lead and aluminum.
 Plaster is a mixture of lime,

water, and sand, gypsum or
cement. It is used extensively in
making mannequins, models,
molds, architectural decorations,
and other indoor sculpture.
 Clay is an earthy material that

consists primarily of hydrated
aluminum silicates and is used for
pottery, ceramics, sculpture, and
bricks. It is plastic when moist but
hard when fired, so it is necessary Wily Layug, “Filipinized Marian”
Source: gmanetwork.com
to cast it in a durable mold before
cooking it in oven or kiln.
 Glass is a hard, brittle, transparent or translucent substance produced

from silica, silicates (sand), soda, and lime. It can be formed into
various colors and shapes under extreme heat.
182
 Wood is the sculpture medium most comfortable to carve than any

other medium. Traditional woods used are dap-dap, lauan, mahogany,
narra, and dao.
Architecture
Architecture is the
art and technique of
designing and
building, as
distinguished from
the skills associated
with construction.
The practice of
architecture is
employed to fulfill
Francisco Mañosa, “San Miguel Corporation Building” both practical and
Source: www.mañosabrothers.com
expressive
requirements, and
thus it serves both utilitarian and aesthetic ends. Although these two ends may
be distinguished, they cannot be separated, and the relative weight given to
each can vary widely. Every society has a spatial relationship to the natural
world and to other societies.
Materials usually used for

architecture are stone, brick,
wood, concrete, iron and steel.
Notable methods applied are post
and lintel, arch, vault, dome, truss
framed structures and wall. The
ultimate synthesis on architecture
is venustas (beauty), utilitas
(functionality), and firmitas
(strength). The characteristics that
distinguish a work of architecture
from other built structures are (1)
the suitability of the work to be Frank Lloyd Wright, “Fallingwater”
used by human beings in general Source: www.austincubed.comce
and the adaptability of it to

particular human activities, (2) the stability and permanence of the work’s
construction, and (3) the communication of experience, aesthetics, and ideas
through its form. All these conditions must be met in architecture. The second
183
is a constant, while the first and third vary in relative importance according to
the social function of buildings. If the function is chiefly utilitarian, as in a
factory, communication is of less importance. If the function is chiefly
expressive, as in a monumental tomb, utility is a minor concern. In some
buildings, such as churches and city halls, utility and communication may be
of equal importance. Among the notable architects are Frank Lloyd Wright,
Eero Saarinen, Zaha Hadid, Le Corbusier, Francisco Mañosa, Leandro Locsin
and Juan Nakpil.
Ceramic Art
Ceramics is made from

ceramic materials,
including clay. It may
take forms, including
art ware, tile, figurines,
sculptures, and
tableware. "Ceramics"
(derived from
keramos, Greek for
'potter's clay') refers to
Ancient Egyptian pottery items made from clay
Source: www.mediatouristtube.comce bodies and fired in a
kiln to obtain the
finished form. Outside of art, due to new technological processes, the term
ceramics now encompasses a wider group of materials, including glass and
cements, so clay is no longer a key component. In visual art, there is no
difference between ceramics and
pottery. Both denote the basic 4-
step creative process of:
(1) forming (shaping); (2) firing
(baking in kiln);
(3) glazing/decorating (coating
the object with a glaze or
applying to it decorative
techniques);
(4) Refiring (rebaking) to harden
the glaze. (Encyclopedia of Art) Iguig pottery
Source: www.eazytraveler.comce
184
Animation
Animation is a technique in which

images are manipulated to appear as
moving forms. Hydrotechnics is a
method that includes lights, water,
fire, fog, and lasers, with high-
definition projections on mist screens.
(youtube.com) Animated films are
ones in which individual drawings,
paintings, or illustrations are
photographed frame by frame (stop-
frame cinematography). Usually, each
Lee Unkrich, Adrian Molina, “Coco”

Source: www.imdb.com
frame differs slightly from the one

preceding it, giving the illusion of
movement when frames are projected in
rapid succession at 24 frames per
second. The earliest cinema animation
was composed of frame-by-frame, hand-
drawn images. When combined with
movement, the illustrator's two-
dimensional static art becomes alive and
Reggie Entienza, “Urduja” creates pure and imaginative cinematic
Source: www.imdb.com
images (AMC Networks).
Movie Production or Film Making
Movie Production or Film Making is the process of making a film, generally

in the sense of films intended for extensive theatrical exhibition. Motion
picture, also called film or movie, are series of still photographs on film,
projected in rapid succession onto a screen by means of light. Because of the
optical phenomenon known as persistence of vision, this gives the illusion of
actual, smooth, and continuous movement. The motion picture is a remarkably
effective medium in conveying drama and especially in the evocation of
emotion. The art of motion pictures is exceedingly complex, requiring
contributions from nearly all the other arts as well as countless technical skills
185
(for example, in sound recording, photography, and optics). Emerging at the

end of the 19th century, this new art form became one of the most popular and
influential media of the 20th century and beyond (Encyclopedia Britannica).
Filmmaking involves several discrete stages including an initial story
conceptualization, idea, or commission, through screenwriting, casting,
shooting, sound recording and reproduction, editing, and screening the
finished product before an audience that may result in a film release and
exhibition. (Filmmaker) Cinematography is the art of visual storytelling.
Anyone can set a camera on a tripod and hit record, but the artistry of
cinematography comes in controlling what the viewer sees (or doesn’t see)
and how the image is presented. Film is a visual medium, and the best-shot
films are ones where you can tell what’s going on without hearing any of the
dialogue. Some of the notable movies of all time rated according to their
success (awards and nominations), their popularity, and their cinematic
greatness from a directing and writing perspective are “The Godfather”, “The
Shawshank Redemption”, “The Schindler’s List”, “Raging Bull”,
“Casablanca”, “Citizen Kane”, “Himala”, “Anak Dalita”, “Genghis Khan”,
“Ibong Adarna”, “Babae sa Breakwater”, “Bayani ng Lupa” and “Bayaning
Third World”.
Jewelry
Jewelry is decorative objects

worn on clothes or body that are
usually made from valuable
metals, such as gold and silver,
and precious stones. Jewelry
are objects of personal
adornment prized for the
craftsmanship going into their
creation and generally for the
value of their components as
well. Throughout the centuries
and from culture to culture, the
materials considered rare and
beautiful have ranged from
shells, bones, pebbles, tusks,
claws, and wood to so-called Ganymede Jewelry
Source: www.metmuseum.org
precious metals, and
semiprecious stones, pearls,
corals, enamel, vitreous pastes, and ceramic. In certain eras artist-craftsmen
have sometimes placed less emphasis on the intrinsic value of materials than
186
on their aesthetic function as

components contributing to the
effect of the whole. Thus they
might fashion a brooch out of steel
or plastic rather than gold or
platinum. Furthermore, in addition
to its decorative function, during
much of its history jewelry has also
been worn as a sign of social
rank—forbidden by sumptuary
laws to all but the ruling classes—
and as a to avert evil and bring
good luck. During the Middle
Ages, for example, a ruby ring was
thought to bring its owner lands
and titles, to bestow virtue, to
protect against seduction, and to
Ancient Filipino Jewelries
prevent effervescence in water—
Source: www.imageros.pw but only if worn on the left hand
(Encyclopedia Britannica).
Installation Art
Installation art is an artistic genre that

involves the configuration or
installation of objects in a space, such
as a room or warehouse. The resulting
arrangement of material and space
comprises the artwork. (Dela Cruz,
2016) The term installation art is
used to describe large-scale, mixed-
media constructions, often designed
for a specific place or for a
temporary period of time.
Installation artworks also described Ai Weiwei, “Ike Art #4”
Source: http://be-design.com.au
as “environments” often occupy an
entire room or gallery space that the
spectator has to walk through in order to engage fully with the work of art.
Some installations, however, are designed simply to be walked around and
contemplated, or are so fragile that they can only be viewed from a doorway,
or one end of a room. What makes installation art different from sculpture or
other traditional art forms is that it is a complete unified experience, rather
187
than a display of separate,

individual artworks. The
focus on how the viewer
experiences the work and
the desire to provide an
intense experience for them
is a dominant theme in
installation art (tate.org.uk).
Famous installation artists
nowadays are Ai Weiwei,
Doris Salcedo, Kawayan de
Guia, Juan Alcazaren, Neil
Cagayan State University-Sanchez Mira Pasilan and Leeroy New.
Campus
Source: RL Studio
188
Application
A. On-the-spot activity right after discussion.
Name-Game: Artist-Art List. Check out the table below, and you will see
different types of visual arts on the first column. The second and third columns
are left blank for you to fill out. On the second column, provide names of
artists that correspond to the type of visual arts on the first column and on the
third column you provide the works of art made by the artist you provided on
the second column.
Visual Arts Artist Artworks
1. Painting
2. Sculpture
3. Architecture
4. Photography
5. Installation Art
6. Movie
7. Mosaic
8. Tattoo
9. Graffiti
10. Printmaking
189
B. Homework.
Photo Art Appropriation. Choose one visual artwork and do photo

appropriation. Discuss your output in 5 to 8 sentences. Prepare to present the
captured photo in class. Photo art appropriation is recapturing famous or
notable images and putting them into other contexts. In doing the photo
appropriation, you need to have a printed copy of the visual art, a camera or
cellphone with camera. Redo the image by copying the pose, the clothes and
expressions of the subject from the original visual art you have chosen. Take
a picture and have it printed. Present the photo appropriation together with the
original visual art.
190

UNIT6. Topic 1 Visual Artworks Artists

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

UNIT6. Topic 1 Visual Artworks Artists

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Unit 6: Appreciating Visual Arts

Unit 6: Appreciating Visual Arts

Unit Learning Outcomes

b. demonstrate an understanding of visual arts, as well as their subject,

Topic 1: Visual Artworks and Artists

At the end of this unit, you will be able to

Activating Prior Knowledge

Artwork Title Artist

Vincent Van Gogh

Pete Docter and

Maryo delos Reyes

a. Inabel b. Madonna of the Meadows c. Spoliarium

Contemporary Arts is a form of art of today, conceived in modern times,

Mediums of Visual Arts

A two-dimensional art includes painting, drawing, printmaking, tapestry, and

• Watercolor Watercolor is a painting material made up of pigment

painting with effects caused by

Fresco painting at a Bohol Church

very long lasting, and

Anita Magsaysay-Ho, “Harvest”

are resplendent but the finished

Fabian dela Rosa, “Manila Girl”

Fayum Mummy Portrait (EA74714)

The Fayum mummy portrait is from

Geraldine Javier, “Proposal for the

Fernando Amorsolo, “Harvest Time”

thinned with water, and

Classe and Basilica of San

to cool very slowly in a

 Pencils are made of graphite

 Pen and Ink is executed with

 Charcoal is a drawing material

 Crayons are colored sticks

Pen and India Ink

The essential elements of the image

Geddes who is notable for her photos

Art" or "Aerosol Art")

Sculpture is a kind of visual arts that

 Stone includes sandstones,

 Jade is a semi-precious green or

 Ivory is the hard white or cream-

 Metals are one of the favorite materials used by sculptors because of

 Plaster is a mixture of lime,

 Clay is an earthy material that

 Glass is a hard, brittle, transparent or translucent substance produced

 Wood is the sculpture medium most comfortable to carve than any

Materials usually used for

and the adaptability of it to

Ceramics is made from

Animation is a technique in which

Lee Unkrich, Adrian Molina, “Coco”

frame differs slightly from the one

Movie Production or Film Making

Movie Production or Film Making is the process of making a film, generally

(for example, in sound recording, photography, and optics). Emerging at the

Jewelry is decorative objects

on their aesthetic function as

Installation art is an artistic genre that

than a display of separate,

Visual Arts Artist Artworks

Photo Art Appropriation. Choose one visual artwork and do photo

You might also like