Unit 6 Art Ap Aug 28final 2

Unit 6: Appreciating Visual Arts
Introduction
Art is a universal language all humans understand and use to communicate (Sabol,
2011).
Visual arts convey messages of emotions, ideas, or information. We use art to
express ourselves and to speak to others across time and place. Let visual arts
awaken our essential drive to create and understand visual imagery.
Let this unit familiarize you with the three (3) components of visual arts, which
are the fine arts, decorative arts, and contemporary visual arts. Let Visual Arts
enable us to explore our creative powers and nurture our artistic capacities as we
witness the beauty of fine arts in paintings, drawings, graphics, sculptures, and
architecture. Let Visual Arts stimulate our imagination as we scrutinize the
amazing decorative arts in tapestries, textiles, ceramics, mosaic artworks, glass
arts, tattoo, and jewelry. Let Visual Arts excite our senses as we sift through the
contemporary visual arts in photography, art print, video art, animation, and
graffiti.
Come along, enliven your senses, bring your desire to learn, and let’s discover and
appreciate the world of visual arts through the windows of our souls.
Learning Outcomes
At the end of the unit, you will be able to:
a. Describe artistic styles of different visual arts;
b. Demonstrate an understanding of visual arts, as well as their subject, function,

medium, value, and social significance;
c. Create artworks from the different categories of visual arts integrating its
various elements;
d. Launch a mini art exhibit of local visual arts for the community; and
e. Develop a positive attitude towards the multiple functions of the visual arts and
their significance in different cultures through personal and perceptive analysis.
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Topic 1: Visual Artworks and Artists
Learning Objectives
At the end of this unit, students will be able to: a.

Describe the different types of visual arts
b. Recognize notable visual artists
c. Discover their creativity by producing visual artworks
d. Demonstrate an appreciation of local visual artists
Activating Prior Knowledge
Before we dive into the discussion, let us see if you are familiar with some of the
popular visual art forms created from different times, cultures, and places.
Identify the title of the artworks provided on the first column. The names of the
artists are listed at the third column for you as a clue. Pick out your answers from
the box at the end of this section and write it on the space provided at the second
column. You are given 3 minutes to finish everything.
Artwork Title Artist
Leonardo da Vinci
1.
Source: https://www.leonardodavinci.net
Vincent Van Gogh
2.
Source: https://www.vincentvangogh.org
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Fernando Amorsolo
3.
Source:pensievemindniche.wordpress.com
Juan Luna
4.
Source:www.nationalmuseum.gov.ph
Katsushika Hokusai
5.
Source:https://mymodernmet.com
Joe Rosenthal
6.
Source:100photos.time.com
Michelangelo
7.
Source:www.italianrenaissance.org
Guillermo Tolentino
8.
Source:https://medium.com
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Richard Kissling
9.
Source:https://www.joserizal.com
Postnik Yakovlev, Ivan
Barma
10.
Source:https://russiau.com
Leandro Locsin
11.
Source:culturalcenter.gov.ph
Napoleon Abueva
12.
Source:https://www.wescover.com
Magdalena Gamayo
13.
Source:pinterest.com
Pete Docter and Ronnie
del Carmen
14.
Source:letterboxd.com
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Maryo delos Reyes
15.
Source:nowbrewing2013.com
a. Inabel b. Madonna of the Meadows c. Spoliarium

d. Magnifico e. The Great Wave of Kanagawa f. Starry Night
g. Oblation h. Raising the Flag in Iwo Jima i. Planting Rice
j. David k. Rizal’s Monument in Luneta l. St. Basil’s Cathedral
m. Pieta n. Cultural Center of the Philippines o. Monalisa
p. Inside Out q. Nine Muses of the Arts r. Aristotle
Presentation of Contents
Visual arts are those art form intended to be appreciated or perceived primarily
by sight. These art forms are prevalent and incredibly diverse. There are three (3)
categories of visual arts: (i) fine arts, (ii) decorative arts, and (iii)
contemporary arts.
Fine Arts are developed primarily for aesthetics or beauty and intellectual
purposes and judged for its beauty and meaningfulness, emphasizing painting,
sculpture, drawing, watercolor, graphics, and architecture. The perception of
artistic qualities required a refined judgment, usually referred to as having good
taste.
Decorative Arts is an art form that applies design and decoration to everyday
objects in order to make them aesthetically pleasing. This is more utilitarian and
has a function but retains an artistic style and still requires talent to create. It
includes tapestry, ceramics, mosaic art, glass art, jewelry, tattoo, woodwork,
interior design, textile arts, and crafts.
Contemporary Arts is a form of art of today, conceived in modern times, which

include photography, art print, video art, animation, graffiti, and installation
art. The art forms are produced in a globally influenced, culturally diverse, and
technologically advancing world.
Mediums of Visual Arts
Mediums came from the Latin word “medium,” denotes the ways or methods by
which an artist communicates his idea. These are the materials, which are used by
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an artist to interpret his feelings or thoughts. Many mediums were used in

creating different works of art. Visual arts are those seen mediums and which
occupy space.
A two-dimensional art includes painting, drawing, printmaking, tapestry, and
photography. Three-dimensional art techniques include sculpture, architecture,
crafts, ceramics, and jewelry. The mediums in visual arts are discussed as follows.
Two-dimensional Arts
Painting
Painting is the application of pigment to a usually flat surface. Each medium
exerts a pronounced effect on the finished product, is capable of different
treatment, and determines its stroke. These mediums are applied to wet plaster,
canvas, wood, or paper.
• Watercolor
Watercolor is a painting
material made up of
pigment mixed
with water, which after
mixing using brush
applied into the paper. It
is possible to change a
portion of the work
even if the
watercolor paint has been
applied, but the color Vincent Van Gogh, “Fishing Boats on the Beach”
becomes less in Source: https://artist.com/art
brilliance. Though using
this medium proves to be a challenge, some watercolor artists are able to achieve
stunning effects through some techniques like “gouache”, an opaque watercolor
painting with effects
caused by the
white watercolor
paper used. It is done
by mixing zinc white
with regular watercolor
paints to tone it
down and produce a
dramatic effect on the
final painting
appearance.
Some of the
watercolor artists are
Vincent Van Gogh,
Jun Martinez, “ Sugarcane” Frank Weber, Emil
Source: https://watercolorpainting.com/famous-artists
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Nolde, Jun Martinez, Margarita Lim, Ang Kiukuk, and Ephraim Samson.
• Fresco
Fresco is a painting technique done on a wet plastered wall. Glowing is the
primary characteristic of
this kind of painting. It is
one of the oldest types of
painting. The finish
outcome of a fresco is
like a marble wall. Quick
application is the
technique used in this art
because it is an exacting
medium. Once the paint
is applied, the color dry
into plaster and becomes
permanent. Other Michelangelo, “The Creation of Adam”
Source: https://admissions.johncabot.edu
artworks on fresco
paintings are the “School
of Athens” by Raphael,
the “Allegory of Divine
Providence and
Barberini Power” by
Pietro da Cortona,
Sistine Chapel Frescoes
by Michelangelo, and the
“Expulsion from the
Garden of Eden” by
Masaccio.
Fresco painting at a Bohol Church

Source: GMA News Online
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• Tempera Tempera
(also called egg
tempera) is
a method of painting
that employs an
emulsion of water, egg
yolk or whole eggs
sometimes with a little
glue, honey or milk).
Tempera is applied onto
Botticelli, Birth of Venus a prepared surface.
Source: https://artist.com/art Wood panel painting
is prepared with
layers of gesso (a
mixture of size and chalk) to form a
smooth surface. The tempera is then
applied over a prepared drawing or
sketch and built up slowly in a series
of thin, transparent layers. Tempera
paintings are very long lasting, and
colors do not deteriorate rove
time. It
dries quickly, and when dry, it
produces a smooth matte finish
(Visual Arts Encyclopedia
).
Anita Magsaysay-Ho, “Harvest”

Source: https://www.pinterest.ph
• Pastel
Pastel is a painting medium that consists
of color pigment in powder and a binder
compounded with gum water. It is a very
adaptable medium whose colors are
resplendent but the finished product is
Fabian dela Rosa
, “Manila Girl
”
Source: www.
pinterest.com
difficult to preserve
because the chalk can
rub off.
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150
Edgar Degas, “Four Ballerinas on Stage”
Source: www.edgar-degas.org Encaustic
•
Fayum Mummy Portrait (EA74714)

Source: www.britishmuseum.org
Geraldine Javier, “Proposal for the National

Dog of the Philippines”
Source: www.pinterest.com
Encaustic painting is a mixed media

technique that involves using heated wax
or beeswax added with colored pigment. A
prepared surface like wood, canvas, or
other materials is usually the preferred
surface on which the liquid or paste is
applied. This kind of painting produces
luster and brilliance. The term is from
Greek, meaning "burning in." (Artist
Network, 2019)
The Fayum mummy portrait of the given
example is from the Roman period around
140-150 B.C. The portrait, a man of
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mature years perhaps was a priest, in

encaustic on lime wood: the panel is
cracked through the right side from the
upper edge to the subject's proper left ear.
A row of four nail holes indicative
of reuse or attachment to a
frame runs across the panel 6.3 cm below
the upper edge, and a row of three holes 9-
9.5 cm above the lower edge. The
background is a greenish cream. During
the Roman period, they use encaustic to
portray the dead and attach it to the
remains after mummification. This artifact
is housed in the British Museum.
• Oil
Oil painting is one of the
most high-priced and high
valued arts (painting)
because of the price of its
materials. It is the heftiest
of painting mediums.
Pigments are mixed with
linseed oil or turpentine
and applied to the canvas
that appears glossy and last
Fernando Amorsolo , “Harvest Time”
long. (Ariola, 2014) Source: www. mutualart.com
Notable artists with their
works are “Planting Rice” by Fernando Amorsolo, “The Last Supper” by
Leonardo da Vinci,
“Doni Tondo” by Michelangelo di
Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni,
“Musical Allegory” by
Rembrandt Harmenszoon van
Rijn,
“Fisherman” by Ang Kiukok,
“Spoliarium” by Juan Luna, and
“Las Virgenes Cristianas
Expuestas al Populacho” by Felix
Resureccion Hidalgo.
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Leonardo da Vinci , “Monalisa”

Source: Fine Homes and Living
Thomas Hart Benton, “The Bicyclers”

Source: www.artistnetwork.com
• Acrylic
Acrylic is a synthetic paint mixed with acrylic emulsion binder for the
surface overlaying of the artwork. It has the quick drying characteristics as the
watercolor and the flexibility of oil thus making it one of the
favorites of artists (Ariola, 2014). Acrylics evolved over time. The acrylic paint of
earlier times are different from today’s but they share
the same characteristics which are mixable, easily cleaned or thinned with water,
and dry fairly quickly (typically between 5-20 minutes). Acrylics act as a vehicle
for any kind of pigment, and are capable of providing both the transparent
brilliance of watercolor and the density of oil paint. They are observed to be less
affected by extreme temperature and other destructive forces than is oil paint.
They found approval among artists who were anxious about the health risks posed
by the usage of oil paints and the inhalation of fumes associated with them.
Because of all these desirable features, acrylic paints became instantaneously
popular with artists when they were first commercially endorsed in the 1960s.
Notable 20th-century artists
who used acrylic paint
include pop artists and
Warhol and Roy
Lichtenstein, Op artists
Mark Rothko,
Ellsworth Kelly, and Barnett
Newman, and British artist
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David Hockney. (Artist Network,

2019)
Mosaic
Mosaic is the art of creating images with an assemblage of small pieces of colored
glass, stone, or other materials often glued on a surface with plaster or cement. It is a
4000year-old practice and the earliest known examples of mosaics made of different
A part of the mosaic

“Alexander the
Great”
Source:www.pinterest.com
the world hangs on the Villa Harvey

Mandel building in San Diego,
California, another impress
ive mosaic is
located at the New York City subway
stations, a remarkable mosaic was also
th
inlaid in London, England in the 13
Gigi Campos,
“Misami” century when the Abbot of Westminster
Source:www.choosephilppines.com brought back from Italy to England a
ship full of marble, glass, and Italian
materials were found at a temple building in Ubaid, Mesopotamia, and are dated to the
second half of 3rd millennium BCE. They consist of pieces of colored stones, shells and
ivory. Excavations at Susa and Choqa Zanbil show evidence of the first glazed tiles,
dating from around 1500 BCE (Ancient History Encyclopedia). Some of the notable
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mosaics are found in the churches of Basilica of Sant’Apollinare Nuovo,
Sant’Apollinare in Classe and Basilica of San Vitale (all three churches are on the
UNESCO World Heritage List), a glass mosaic which is one of the largest of its
kind in craftsmen that made way for the “Great Pavement in Westminster Abbey
to be laid down that depict the universe and its end.
Stained Glass
Stained glass is an
artwork made by
conjoining small
pieces of precut
stained glass that
is clasped
by strips of
lead usually
reinforced with
iron bars that
form heavy black
lines. It is mostly
used in Basilica Minore Nuestra Senora de Piat in Cagayan
church windows Source:www.hiveminer.com
but also
sometimes used in rose windows in formal buildings
(Ariola, 2014).
The glass
are colored
with metallic
oxides while
in the
smelted state,
copper for ruby,
cobalt for blue,
manganese
for purple,
and antimony
for yellow,
Nasir-al-mulk Mosque in Iran iron for green.
Source:www.demilked.com
Sheets of
medieval glass
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were produced by blowing a bubble

of glass, manipulating it into a cylindrical shape, cutting away the ends to form a
roll or tube, cutting the tube lengthwise down one side, and flattening it into a
sheet while the glass was still red hot and in a malleable state. It was then allowed
to cool very slowly in a furnace so that it would be properly annealed and not too
difficult to cut up into whatever shapes might be needed for the design. Since
these sheets of glass, with the exception of a type known as flashed glass, were
intrinsically colored with one basic color throughout, changes from one color to
another in the design of a window could be effected only by introducing separate
pieces of glass in each of the requisite colors. (Encyclopedia Britannica).
Examples of stained glass are the Rose windows in Notre Dame of Paris, the
windows in the Manila Cathedral, the stunning windows of Saint-Chappelle in
France.
Tapestry or Textile Tapestry or textile is a piece of fabric with images or

designs formed by
weaving colored
threads or by
embroidering on
canvas. It is a woven
decorative fabric, the
design of which is
built up in the course
of weaving. Broadly,
the name has been
used for almost any
heavy material, hand
woven,
machine woven,
or even
Bayeux Tapestry depicting the Normans
embroidered, used to
Source: Bayeux Museum
cover furniture, walls,
or floors or for the
decoration of clothing. Since the 18th and 19th centuries, however, the technical
definition of tapestry has been narrowed to include only heavy, reversible,
patterned or figured
hand woven textiles,
usually in the form of
fabrics for hangings,
upholstery, and added
decoration to
clothing. Examples
of tapestries
or textiles
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Bakong Textiles
are the “Gaddang textile” from Nueva Vizcaya, the “Inabel” of Ilocos Norte,
the Malong of Maranaw, “The Lady and the Unicorn” from Australia.
Drawing
Drawing is done on a light colored surface like paper, wood, canvas using pencil,
pen and ink, or charcoal and usually done as training for artists.
• Pencils are made of graphite and are graded to indicate the different degrees
of hardness and softness, which
provides variations, and shade
gradations of the resulting
drawing. To create lines, the hard
pencils are used and for creating
textures and shades, the soft ones
are used.
Pencil Drawing
Source: noypicollection.com
Pen and India Ink

Source: www.saatchiart.com
Charcoal Rendering
Source: Arts and Display
157
• Pen and Ink is executed with the use of black and other colored inks like
India ink, Chinese ink, liners, markers, and regular ballpoint pen are some of
the favorite samples used by comic strip illustrators and cartoonists.
• Charcoal is a drawing material made of carbon in different forms like stick,

compressed, powder, and vine. It is used in representing broad masses of
light and shadow by blending, smearing, or smudging over paper or other
light colored surfaces.
• Crayons are colored sticks made from paraffin wax mixed with pigments. It
is trendy among children.
The ideal surface for crayons is paper.
Printmaking
Printmaking is
done by creating
an artist’s plate,
which can either
be original
artwork or from an
image which can
later on
transferred to a
white paper using
black ink. It is
usually done for
duplicating or
making multiple
copies of an Katsushik Hokusai, “The Underwave of Kanagawa”
original drawing. Source: metmuseum.org
The different
major techniques in printmaking are relief process (woodcut, wood engraving,
linoleum cut, metal cut, cardboard cut, relief etching, rubbing, and dotted print),
intaglio process (engraving, drypoint, mezzotint, crayon engraving, etching, and
metal graphic), surface printing, special techniques (monoprint, cliché-verre,
cellocut, collagraphy, plaster
print), and process prints (linecut,
halftone cut, rotogravure, and
offset lithography). For notable
examples of printmaking, “A
Flood on Java” by Raden Saleh,
“Combat of the Giaour and the
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Pasha” by Eugene Delacroix, “Durer’s Rhinoceros” by Albrecht Durer,

“Guru
Tokimune” by Yoshitoshi, check out the other works of Manuel Rodriguez Sr., the
Father of Printmaking in the Philippines like “Dance of the Fire Birds”,
“Interlude”, and “Sabong”, and the works of Benedicto “BenCab” Cabrera
“Sabel”, “Ang Babae sa Duyan”, and “Tryptych on Love”.
Lithography
Lithography is a reproduction
process that uses a leveled stone
or metal plate on which the
positive image areas are worked
by means of a greasy substance
so that the ink will stick to the
surface, while the negative image
areas are made ink-repellent.
Lithography literally means “to
write on stone”, it came from the
Greek word lithos meaning
“stone” and graphein meaning
“to write”. It was invented in the
late eighteenth century, initially
using limestone as the printing
surface. Lithography is a printing
process established on the point Pablo Picasso, “Guernica 2”
that grease and water do not Source: Society6.com
blend. The image is smeared to a
leveled yet grained surface
(traditionally stone but now usually aluminum) using a greasy medium: such as a
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special greasy ink – called tusche,

crayon, pencils,
lacquer, or synthetic
materials. A solution of gum arabic
and nitric acid is applied over the
surface, producing water-receptive
non-printing areas and grease-
receptive image areas. The printing
surface is kept damp, so that a
roller charged with oilbased ink
can be rolled over the surface, and
ink will only stick to the grease-
receptive image area. Paper is then
placed against the surface and the
plate is run through a press
(Tate UK). Notable
lithography artists are Pablo
Picasso, Marc Chagall, Claude
Garache, Wilfredo Lam, Ronald
Ventura, Ambie Abanos,
and
Arturo Luz.
Tattoo
Tattoo is the
permanent insertion
of ink below the
skin, using a
sharp instrument.
Humans have done
tattooing for
cosmetic and
ritual purposes since
at least the Neolithic
era. Some tattoo
artists are still using
traditional
techniques, tools and Apo Whang -Od doing the traditional hand poking tattooing
Source: www.gifted.ph
pigments. In
the
Philippines, the most notable traditional tattoo artist is Apo Whang-Od from
Kalinga province who uses lemon thorn and charcoal ink for her art. Tough some
of today’s tattoo practice is made relatively safe by the use of nonreactive
pigments; sterile, disposable needles; and sterile work conditions. Some of the
notable tattoo artists both foreign and local are Ajarn Noo Kanpai, Alex Muller,
Norman Keith “Sailor Jerry” Collins, Maud Stevens Wagner, Apo Whang-Od,
Kenneth Iwarat, Draz Palaming, and Dragon Edong.
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Photography or Pictorialism
Photography is the art, utilization, and practice of creating long-lasting images by
recording light or other electromagnetic radiation, either electronically utilizing
an image sensor, or chemically using a light-sensitive material such as
photographic film. Pictorialism is an approach to photography that emphasizes
Andreas Gursky,“Rhein II” priced at US$ 4.3M Angelo Fan,“Bouyancy”

Source: http://www.lik.com/ Source: International Photo Awards
beauty of subject matter, tonality, and composition rather than the documentation
of reality. The Pictorialist perspective was born in the late 1860s. It approached
the camera as a tool that, like
the paintbrush and chisel, could be used to make an artistic statement.
The essential elements of the image captured by a camera are usually established
immediately at the time of exposure. This characteristic is unique to photography
and sets it apart from other ways of picture making. The seemingly automatic
recording of an image by photography has given the process a sense of
authenticity shared by no other picture-making technique. The photograph
possesses, in the popular mind, such apparent accuracy that the adage “the camera
does not lie” has become an accepted cliché (Encyclopedia Britannica) Among
the famous photographers are Anne Geddes who is notable for her photos of
babies, Cindy Sherman with her conceptual portraits, Paul Quiambao with his
captivating UST photos, and Eduardo Masferre (the Father of Philippine
Photography) for his impressive photographic cultural chronicles of the upland
people.
Graffiti
Graffiti are writing or drawings that
have been scribbled scratched, or
painted illicitly on a wall or other
surface, often within public view.
The word graffiti, or its singular
form “graffito”, come from the
Italian word graffiato which
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Kookoo Ramos
Source: artradarjournal.com
means “scratched”. While the practice of creating graffiti has existed since
ancient times, it come to the forefront as a modern art movement in the second
half of the 20th century (Anirudh, 2017).
Graffiti is one of the most radical contemporary art movements; "graffiti art" (also
called "Street Art," "Spray can Art," "Subway Art" or "Aerosol Art") commonly
refers to beautiful imagery applied by paint or other means to
buildings, public transport or other property. According to
Brighenti (2010), graffiti is an
“interstitial practice”, a
practice about which
different actors hold
different conceptions,
depending on how it is
related to other
practices such as ‘art Eduardo Cobra and design (as Source:
timesofindia.indiatimes.com
aesthetic work),
artists in the world are David Choe, Lady Pink, Bansky, Brian Barrios, and
KooKoo Ramos.
criminal law (as vandalism crime), politics (as a message of resistance and
liberation), and market (as merchandisable
product). Among the famous graffiti
Three-dimensional Arts
Sculpture
Sculpture is a kind of visual arts that
operates in three dimensions. The three (3)
classifications are freestanding, relief, and
environmental. The mediums used in
sculpture are further discussed below.
(Gallery 104) There numerous notable
sculptures since time immemorial, some of
which are the “David”, “Venus de Milo”,
“Terracotta Warriors”, “UP
Oblation”, “Gomburza”, “Rizal’s
Monument”, “EDSA Shrine”, and “Blood
Compact” to name a few. Guillermo Tolentino, Oblation
“ ”
Source:https://medium.com htt
• Stone includes sandstones, granite,
basalt, marble, and limestone. It is
a hard substance formed from
mineral and earth material
whose finished product is
rough and dull look. (Ariola, 2014)
• Jade is a semi-precious green or

whitish stone, which is highly
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esteemed and widely used in China as an ornamental stone for carving and
jewelry.
• Ivory is the hard white or creamcolored substance from tusks of animals

like elephants, walrus, etc. used for carvings.
• Metals are one of the favorite materials used by sculptors because of its
ductility, conductivity and luster. The metals used as mediums for
sculpture are copper, brass, bronze, silver, gold, lead and aluminum.
• Plaster is a mixture of lime, water, and sand, gypsum or cement. It is used

extensively in making mannequins, models, molds, architectural
decorations, and other indoor sculpture.
• Clay is an earthy material that consists primarily of hydrated aluminum
silicates and is used for pottery, ceramics, sculpture, and bricks. It is
plastic
when moist but hard when fired, so it
is necessary to cast it in a durable mold
before cooking it in oven or kiln.
• Glass is a hard, brittle, transparent or

translucent substance produced from
silica, silicates (sand), soda, and lime.
It can be formed into various colors
and shapes under extreme heat.
• Wood is the sculpture medium most

comfortable to carve than any other
medium. Traditional woods used are Wily Layug, “Filipinized Marian”
dap-dap, lauan, mahogany, narra, and Source: gmanetwork.com
dao.
Architecture
Architecture is the art
and technique of
designing and
building, as
distinguished from the
skills associated
with construction.
The practice of
architecture is employed
Francisco Mañosa, “ San Miguel Corporation Building” to fulfill both practical
Source: www.mañosabrothers.com
and expressive
requirements, and thus it
serves both utilitarian and aesthetic ends.
Although these two ends may be distinguished, they cannot be separated, and the
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relative weight given to each can vary widely. Every society has a spatial
relationship to the natural world and to other societies.
Materials usually used for architecture are stone, brick, wood, concrete,
iron and steel. Notable methods applied are post and lintel, arch, vault, dome,
truss framed structures and wall. The ultimate synthesis on architecture is
venustas (beauty), utilitas (functionality), and firmitas (strength). The
characteristics that distinguish a work of architecture from other built structures
are (1) the suitability of the work to use by human beings in general and the
adaptability of it to particular human activities, (2) the stability and permanence
of the work’s construction, and (3) the communication of experience, aesthetics,
and ideas through its form. All these conditions must be met in architecture. The
second is a constant, while the first and third vary in relative importance
according to the social function of buildings. If the function is chiefly utilitarian,
as in a factory, communication is of less importance. If the function is chiefly
expressive, as in a monumental tomb, utility is a minor concern. In some
buildings, such as churches and city halls, utility and communication may be of
equal importance. Among the notable architects are Frank Lloyd Wright, Eero
Saarinen, Zaha Hadid, Le Corbusier, Francisco Mañosa, Leandro Locsin and Juan
Nakpil.
Ceramic Art
Ceramics is made from
ceramic materials,
including clay. It may take
forms, including art ware,
tile, figurines, sculptures,
and tableware. "Ceramics"
(derived from
keramos, Greek for 'potter's
clay') refers to items
made from clay bodies and
fired in a kiln to obtain the
Ancient Egyptian pottery
finished form. Outside of art,
Source: www.mediatouristtube.com ce
due to new technological
processes, the term ceramics
now encompasses a wider group of materials, including glass and cements, so clay
is no longer a key component. In visual art, there is no difference between
ceramics and pottery.
Both denote the basic 4-
step creative process
of:
(1) forming (shaping);
(2) firing (baking
in kiln);
(3) glazing/decorating
164
Iguig pottery
Source: www.eazytraveler.com ce
(coating the object with a glaze or applying to it decorative techniques); (4)

Refiring (rebaking) to harden the glaze. (Encyclopedia of Art)
Animation
Animationis a technique in which images
are manipulated to appear as moving
forms. Hydrotechnics is a method that
includes lights, water, fire, fog, and
lasers, with high
-definition projections on
mist screens. (youtube.com)Animated
Lee Unkrich, Adrian Molina,

“Coco”
Source: www.imdb.com
filmsare ones in which individual

drawings, paintings, or illustrations are
photographed frame by frame (stop-
frame cinematography). Usually, each
frame differs slightly from the one
Reggie Entienza,
“Urduja” preceding it, giving the illusion of
Source: www.imdb.com
movement when frames are projected in
rapid succession at4 frames
2 per second.
The earliest cinema animation was composed of frame-by-frame, hand-drawn
images. When combined with movement, the illustrator's two-dimensional static
art became alive and created pure and imaginative cinematic images. (AMC
Networks)
Movie Production or Film Making

Movie Production or Film Making is the process of making a film, generally in
the sense of films intended for extensive theatrical exhibition. Motion picture,
also called film or movie, series of still photographs on film, projected in rapid
succession onto a screen by means of light. Because of the optical phenomenon
known as persistence of vision, this gives the illusion of actual, smooth, and
continuous movement. The motion picture is a remarkably effective medium in
conveying drama and especially in the evocation of emotion. The art of motion
pictures is exceedingly complex, requiring contributions from nearly all the other
arts as well as countless technical skills (for example, in sound recording,
photography, and optics). Emerging at the end of the 19th century, this new art
165
form became one of the most popular and influential media of the 20th century
and beyond (Encyclopedia Britannica). Filmmaking involves several discrete
stages including an initial story conceptualization, idea, or commission, through
screenwriting, casting, shooting, sound recording and reproduction, editing, and
screening the finished product before an audience that may result in a film release
and exhibition. (Filmmaker) Cinematography is the art of visual storytelling.
Anyone can set a camera on a tripod and hit record, but the artistry of
cinematography comes in controlling what the viewer sees (or doesn’t see) and
how the image is presented. Film is a visual medium, and the best-shot films are
ones where you can tell what’s going on without hearing any of the dialogue.
Some of the notable movies of all time rated according to their success (awards
and nominations), their popularity, and their cinematic greatness from a directing
and writing perspective are “The Godfather”, “The Shawshank Redemption”,
“The
Schindler’s List”, “Raging Bull”, “Casablanca”, “Citizen Kane”, “Himala”,
“Anak Dalita”, “Genghis Khan”, “Ibong Adarna”, “Babae sa Breakwater”,
“Bayani ng Lupa” and “Bayaning Third World”.
Jewelry
Jewelry is decorative objects worn on
clothes or body that are usually made
from valuable metals, such as gold and
silver, and precious stones. Jewelries are
objects of personal adornment
prized for the craftsmanship
going into their creation and
generally for the value of their
components as well. Throughout the
centuries and from culture to
Ganymede Jewelry
Source: www.metmuseum.org
culture, the materials considered rare

and beautiful have ranged from shells, bones, pebbles, tusks, claws, and wood to
so-called precious metals, and semiprecious stones, pearls, corals, enamel,
vitreous pastes, and ceramic. In certain eras artist-craftsmen have sometimes
placed less emphasis on the intrinsic value of materials than on their aesthetic
function as components Ancient Filipino Jewelries contributing to the effect of the
whole. Source: www.imageros.pw Thus they might fashion a brooch out of steel or
plastic rather than gold or platinum. Furthermore, in addition to its decorative
function, during much of its history jewelry has also been worn as a sign of
social rank—forbidden by sumptuary laws to all but the ruling classes—and as a
166
to avert evil and bring good luck. During the Middle Ages, for example, a ruby
ring was thought to bring its owner lands and titles, to bestow virtue, to protect
against seduction, and to prevent effervescence in water—but only if worn on
the left hand. (Encyclopedia Britannica)
Installation Art
Installation art is an artistic genre that involves the configuration or installation of
objects in a space, such as a room or warehouse. The resulting arrangement of
material and space
comprises the artwork.
(Dela Cruz, 2016) The
term installation art is
used to describe
largescale, mixed-
media constructions,
often designed for a
specific place or for a
temporary period of
time.
Installation artworks
also described
as “environments” Ai Weiwei, “Ike Art #4”
often occupy an entire Source: http://be -design.com.au
room or gallery space
that the spectator has to walk through in order to engage fully with the work of art.
Some installations, however, are designed simply to be walked around and
contemplated,
or are so fragile that
they can only be
viewed from
a doorway, or
one end of a room.
What makes
installation art
different from
sculpture or other
traditional art forms
is that it
is a
complete unified
Cagayan State University-Sanchez Mira Campus experience, rather
Source: RL Studio than a display of
separate, individual
artworks. The focus on how the viewer experiences the work and the desire to
provide an intense experience for them is a dominant theme in installation art.
(tate.org.uk) Famous installation artists nowadays are Ai Weiwei, Doris Salcedo,
167
Kawayan de Guia, Juan Alcazaren, Neil Pasilan and Leeroy New.
Application
A. On-the-spot activity right after discussion.
Name-Game: Artist-Art List. Check out the table below, different types of
visual arts are listed on the first column. The second and third columns are left
blank for you to fill out. On the second column, provide names of artists that
corresponds to the type of visual arts on the first column and on the third column
you provide the works of art made by the artist you provided on the second
column.
Visual Arts Artist Artworks
1. Painting
2. Sculpture
3. Architecture
4. Photography
5. Installation Art
6. Movie
7. Mosaic
8. Tattoo
9. Graffiti
10. Printmaking
B. Homework.
Photo Art Appropriation. Choose one visual artwork and do photo

appropriation. Discuss your output in 5 to 8 sentences. Prepare to present the
captured photo in class. Photo art appropriation is recapturing famous or notable
images and put them into other contexts. In doing the photo appropriation, you
need to have a printed copy of the visual art, a camera or cellphone with camera.
Redo the image by copying the pose, the clothes and expressions of the subject
from the original visual art you have chosen. Take a picture and have it printed.
Present the photo appropriation together with the original visual art.
168
Feedback Name: __________________________Date: _______

Score:_______
Analyze the given visual arts by answering the five questions below. Write your
answers on the space provided beside the image.
a. What category of visual art is it? (form)
b. What is the work of art about? (subject)
c. What is it for? (function)
d. What is it made of? (medium)
e. In your opinion, is it good? (evaluation)
a.
b.
1. Spoliarium c.
d.
e.
a.
b.
2. Ilocos c.
Norte Inabel
d.
e.
a.
b.
3. Bahay Kubo c.
d.
e.
a.
b.
4. Oblation
c.
d.
e.
a.
5. Vigan Burnay b.
c.
d.
e.
Scoring Rubric
Score Rating Descriptive Value
21-25 90-95 Excellent
16-20 85-89 Very Satisfactory
11-15 80-84 Satisfactory (needs minor assistance in some topics)
6-10 75-79 Fair (needs assistance with some difficult items)
169
0-5 70-74 Poor (must go over and review topic intensively)
Topic 2: Understanding the Subjects of Visual Arts and their

Elements and Principles
Learning Objectives
At the end of this unit, students will be able to:
a. Explain the elements and principles of visual arts
b. Compare and contrast images and structures of visual artworks using the
elements and principles of visual arts
c. Analyze visual arts through identifying its theme, mood, tone and composition
d. Establish a mini gallery of local visual artists for the community
Activating Prior Knowledge
In the previous topic, we get to know the different types and mediums of visual
arts. Now we will study visual arts in a deeper sense. We will analyze its meaning
and significance. Before we start with analysis and discussion, let us see if you
know some of the elements and principles of visual arts and how they are
appraised. Identify the element or principle of visual art applied in the artwork.
Encircle the letter of the correct answer. You are given 3 minutes to finish
everything.
1. a. harmony b. balance c. color

Michael Cacnio, Gripo, Sculpture
Source: inquirer.net
170
2. a. repetition b. harmony c. line

Isabelle Chu’s portfolio, Architecture
Source: pinterest.com
3. a. balance b. texture c. emphasis

EatonNott, Interior Design
Source: eatonnott.com
4. a. line b. variety c. composition

Photography
Source: pinterest.com
5. a. symmetry b. texture c. color

Malong a landap binaning Source:
cnnphilippines, Textile
Presentation of Contents Understanding Visual Art: Identifying Theme,

Mood, Tone and Composition
To really understand visual arts, one must move beyond stating the obvious and
add perceptive, personal insight. Viewer should demonstrate higher order of
thinking like analyzing, evaluating, and synthesizing information and ideas from
visual observation. In doing visual arts analysis, the four features (theme, mood,
tone, and composition), the elements, and the principles are to be considered.
171
Theme relates to the meaning of a painting, rather than the subject, which is
specific and basic. A theme is deeper and broader and conveys something more
universal. Themes are usually implied rather than explicitly stated. To examine
the theme in visual arts is look at the ideas conveyed by the visual experience as a
whole. In analyzing the movie Star Wars, the subject is simply “a battle for the
control of the galaxy” while the theme is explored around “conflict between
technology and nature”.
Mood is the atmosphere in a painting, or the feeling expressed. Is the art tranquil,
or is it dark and disturbing? The mood is studied through evaluating the emotional
reaction or response of the viewer or evaluating the overall mood of the artwork.
Some of these moods are energetic, excitement, serious, sedate, positive, peaceful,
calm, melancholic, tense, uneasy, uplifting, foreboding, calm, turbulent,
disturbing.
Another way
Tone refers to lightness or darkness of colors used, which can help to create a
sense of depth or distance in art. The tonal values of an artwork can be attuned to
modify its expressive appeal. Tone can be used to create a contrast of light and
dark, to create the illusion of form, to create a dramatic or tranquil atmosphere, to
create a sense of depth and distance, and to create a rhythm or pattern within a
composition, and these are to be considered in analyzing the tone of visual arts.
Composition is the underlying structure of the art that refers to where the artist
placed the subject matter. It is considered as the exactly the same as the layout of
a piece of artwork. It is not the actual subject of the art but where the subject is
placed. It is how the elements of visual arts are organized. Ways of analyzing the
composition of visual arts are seeing if its off-centered, centered, disoriented,
done with the rue of thirds, etc.
Analysis of “The Dance of Life” by Edvard Munch
The Dance of Life by Edvard

Munch is a painting of dancing
couples. On the left, a young
woman in a white floral dress
stands watching
symbolizes innocence and youth.
In the background shows
dancing couples, the
composition centers on a man in
black and a woman in red. Red
implies love, passion and pain.
Her dress cloaks his feet and Edvard Munch, “The Dance of Life”
Source: edvard-munch.org
172
envelops him. He has no choice but to follow. Their faces are odd looking and
seems like zombies.
On the right, an old woman in an unembellished black dress stands apart, thin face
wrinkled, hands clasped tight. The old woman signifies loneliness and sorrow.
The moon in the sky reflects on the water, but the deep colors and uncomfortable
movement among the figures render the dance less than festive. The characters
are surrounded by outlines that emphasize their rounded shapes rather than the
individuals. So the mood is uneasy, the tone is dark, and the theme conveys
various stages of a woman’s life and the passage of time and death, rather than
family love and closeness.
The proper use of the rules of art is essential to the success of any visual artwork.
The “Principles of Art” is the first set of rules or guidelines that make deciding the
impact of a work of art easier. The second set of rules is the “Elements of Art”.
Principles of Visual Arts is the means an artist uses to organize elements within a
work of art.
1. Harmony is a way of combining similar elements in artwork to accent
their similarities (achieved through the use of repetition and subtle, gradual
changes)
2. Rhythm is a principle of design that indicates movement, created by the
careful placement of repeated elements in a work of art to cause a visual tempo or
beat.
3. Balance is a way of blending elements to add a feeling of equilibrium or
stability to a work of art. Major types are symmetrical and asymmetrical. (Art
Quizlet)
4. Proportion is a principle of design that refers to the relationship of
individual elements to the whole and each other.
5. Emphasis s a way of mixing elements to stress the differences between
those elements. (Art Quizlet)
6. Variety is a principle of design concerned with diversity or contrast. It is
achieved by using different shapes, sizes, or colors in a work of art.
7. Movement is a principle of design applied to create the look and feel of
action and to guide the viewer’s eye throughout the work of art.
Analysis of the Artwork “Starry Night” by Vincent van Gogh
173
Vincent van Gogh, “Starry Night”

Source: Kentucky Art Speaks
It is best to explain The Principles of Art using “The Starry Night”, by

Vincent van Gogh.
Harmony is achieved in an artwork by using similar elements throughout the
composition to make sure it does not look too intricate. The regularity of the lines
throughout the painting gives it a feeling of harmony.
Rhythm is a type of movement in drawing and painting. In the painting, it is seen
in the repetition of shapes and colors. Interchanging lights and shades also give a
sense of rhythm. The lines and color pattern seen throughout the work are a great
illustration of rhythm.
Balance is a sense of stability in the artwork. Balance can be achieved by creating

a feeling of equal weight. In the painting, the large dark tree helps to balance the
bright moon in the opposite corner.
Proportion refers to the relationship of the size of objects in an artwork. The
painting has a perfect proportion, nothing looks out of place.
Emphasis in an artwork refers to the focus of interest that pull the spectator’s eye
to significant parts of the work. The emphasis in the painting is the bright yellow
moon.
Variety refers to the differences in the work. Variety is achieved by using
174
different shapes, textures, colors and values in an artwork. You can find variety in
the bright and dark colors as well as the cool and warm colors and in the swirls
and curves of the hills next to the sharpness in shape of the houses.
Movement adds interest to an artwork by showing action and directing the

viewer’s eye throughout the picture plane. In the painting, the dark tree moves
your eye up, the twirls and spins carry your eye to the moon, and the color in the
moon leads your eye to the light yellow streak beneath it, which in turn leads your
eye back to the dark tree.
Elements and Principles of Visual Arts
Elements of Visual Arts are the visual components of color, form, line, shape,
space, texture, and value.
1. Line is an element of art illustrated by a point moving in space. It may be
two- or three-dimensional, descriptive, implied, or abstract. Lines may be straight,
curved, angular, flowing, horizontal, vertical, diagonal, contour, thick, thin,
implied, etc. (ualr.edu)
2. Shape is an element of art that is two-dimensional, flat, or restrained to
height and width. Shape can be geometrical or organic. (Art Quizlet)
3. Form is an element of art that is three-dimensional and encloses volume;
includes height, width, and depth (as in a cube, a sphere, a pyramid, or a
cylinder).
Form may also be free flowing. (Art Quizlet)
4. Space is an element of art by which positive and negative areas are
defined or a sense of depth achieved in a work of art.
5. Color is an element of art composed of three characteristics: hue, value,
and intensity. It can be primary, secondary, mixed, complimentary,
monochromatic, decorative, warm, cool, dark, etc. i. Hue is the name of color.
ii. Value is hue’s lightness and darkness (a color’s value changes when
adding white or black to it). iii. Intensity is the degree of brightness and
purity (high-intensity - the color is sharp and bright; low-intensity - the color
is faint and dull). (Rollins,
2015)
6. Texture is an element of art that indicates to the way things feel or look
as if they might feel if touched. Texture can be rough, smooth, real, implied,
repeating, etc. (3 Doodler Edu)
Analysis of the Artwork “The School of Athens” by Raphael Sanzio
175
Raphael Sanzio, “The School of Athens”

Source: widewalls
“The School of
Athens” by
Rapahel Sanzio is a classic example which manifestly embodies line, shape, color,
form, space (its representation) and texture in a single painting.
Content The painting’s subject is not a school but an assembly of significant

Greek philosophers.
Medium The artwork was painted in fresco which means it was done on wet
plaster.
Composition The painting is done in a pyramidal arrangement which is a

prominent characteristic of Raphael and the High Renaissance.
Lines and Forms: Raphael gives his figures mass, bulk and weight by using
perspective, drapery, and chiaroscuro. The way the clothing of the figures falls on
their bodies gives them a sense of underlying body structure. All the lines
converge between Plato and Aristotle's heads which gives it the pyramidal
composition. There is also an interest in accurate body proportion. The painter
showed a lot of depth created by the walls and archways of the building. He used
linear perspective to make the architecture really pop out and look three-
dimensional
176
Shape: The warm light is focused more on the people in the back, and shadow is
slightly casted upon the figures towards the front. Raphael used chiaroscuro
(Chiaroscuro refers to the use of light and dark to create the illusion of
threedimensional volume on a flat surface) to show underlying body structure in
each of the figures and to create depth and shape.
Space: Although the painting seems crowded in some parts (especially around
Plato and Aristotle) Raphael creates a great sense of space. He used linear
perspective and has a vanishing point so the painting looks like it goes back in
space. He also paints the figures in the foreground larger than the rest which adds
to the sense of space.
Color Raphael uses mostly natural colors with lots of browns and greys. He uses
mostly warm earthly tones with some subtle blue and green cool accents. Raphael
did not use bright colors because he intended the mood to be more solemn. Value
is used well to create depth and shading.
Texture: Raphael used texture and repetition together while designing the floor
and ceiling patterns. The textures of the painting are mostly solid and flat, created
by the floor and walls. It creates the feeling that if someone touches the walls and
floors, it would be smooth.
Application
A. On-the-spot activity right after discussion.
177
Let us take a look at “Madonna”. You are given printed copies of (5) different
paintings of the “Madonna”. You need to list down at least 5 differences and 5
similarities basing on the four features (theme, mood, tone, and composition), the
elements and principles of visual arts. B. Homework.
Let us do rock painting. You will need 2 round flat rock/stone with a smooth
surface that is around 3x3 inches diameter, acrylic paint, paintbrushes, dotting
tools or sticks with varying diameter (size 3mm-6mm). Wash the rock to remove
filths on its surface and dry. Get a set of acrylic paint and create your own design
of mandala painting and a rock painting. Apply the principles and elements of art
in your own creation. Below are samples of such paintings.
Rock Painting Mandala Painting

Source: ilovepaintedrocks.com Source: norwichlibrary.org
Feedback
Name: ____________________________Date: _______ Score:

_______
You are provided with a printed copy of the three (3) “David” sculptures by
Michelangelo, Donatello, and Bernini. Create your own version of the artwork
using any appropriate locally available material (earth clay or modeling clay).
178
Discuss similarities and differences of the four (4) “David” (including your
output), on your personal appreciation of each artwork and consider the way the
artworks are presented and how the elements and principles of arts are applied.
Art Evaluation Rubric

Indicator 1 2 3 4 Score
Identify Identifies 2 Identifies 5 Identifies 5-7 Identifies more than
similarities similarities similarities similarities 7 similarities and/or
and differences and/or and/or and/or differences of the
of the differences differences of differences of artworks.
artworks. of the the artworks. the artworks.
artworks.
Identify art Mentions Pinpoints at Pinpoints and Describes 4 or more
elements 1 art least 2 art describe at art elements used in
according to element elements used least 3 art detail, and makes
the elements' found in in the artwork. elements used connections
descriptions the in the artwork. between them.
artwork.
Analyze the Identifies Pinpoints at Identifies and Identifies,
artist's at least 1 least 2 describes 3 describes, and
application of design design design explains the
design principle principles principles connections
principles. used in the used in the used in the between at least 4
artwork. artwork. artwork. design principles
used in the artwork.
Interpret the Offers a Offers a Connects and Synthesizes visual
artist's intent possible meaning or analyzes the analysis of art
based on meaning or reason for the art elements elements and design
evaluation of reason for artwork with and design principles with
artwork. the remarks using principles in evidence on the
artwork. elements and terms of artwork and artist to
design artistic intent. present an
principles. evaluation.
Execution Lacks Displays Displays Displays mastery of
Craftsmanship even basic poor control generally good medium and
control of of medium or control of technique
technique technique medium
and
technique
Total
Scoring Rubric
Score Rating Descriptive Value
16-20 90-95 Excellent
12-15 85-89 Very Satisfactory
8-11 80-84 Satisfactory (needs minor assistance in some topics)
4-7 75-79 Fair (needs assistance with some difficult items)
0-3 70-74 Poor (must go over and review topic intensively)
Enrichment Activity
179
Culminating Group Activity for Unit 5. Look for at least 5 different kinds of
visual arts available in the locality and make a portfolio containing the following
data: a. photo of the artwork, b. photo and name of the artist, c. time of
creation of the artwork, d. place of creation, e. style used in the creation, f.
description of the artwork, and g. short essay on your appreciation of the
artwork. Final output of this activity should be exhibited like a gallery for the
community to appreciate.
Reflection
After learning the unit,

What topics in this unit made you appreciate art better?
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_
_________________________________________________________________
_
__________________________________________________________________
How will the knowledge you acquired in this unit help you in your future
career or profession?
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_
__________________________________________________________________
What do you still want to learn about visual arts that will help you become
more socially responsible?
__________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_
_________________________________________________________________
_
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
180
Summary of the Unit

Visual arts are those art forms appreciated or perceived primarily by sight, which
occupy space that is either two-dimensional or three-dimensional. The categories
of visual arts are fine arts, decorative arts, and contemporary arts. Fine Arts
are developed primarily for aesthetics and judged for its beauty and
meaningfulness. Examples of fine arts are painting, sculpture, drawing,
watercolor, graphics, and architecture. Decorative Arts is made for function
but retains an artistic style and still requires talent to create. It includes tapestry,
ceramics, mosaic art, glass art, jewelry, woodwork, interior design, textile
arts, and crafts. Contemporary Arts is a form of art conceived in modern times,
which include photography, art print, video art, animation, graffiti, and
installation art.
Mediums of visual arts denote the ways by which an artist communicates his
idea. These are the materials, which are used by an artist to interpret his feelings
or thoughts.
One way of doing analysis of visual arts is using theme, mood, tone, and
composition. To further understand visual arts, the elements and principles of
visual arts are used. The principles of visual arts are harmony, rhythm,
balance, proportion, emphasis, variety, and movement. The elements of visual
arts are line, shape, form, space, color, and texture.
References
Ariola, Mariano M. 2014. Introduction to Art Appreciation. Quezon City. C &
E Publishing, Inc.
Anirudh, 2017. 10 Most Famous Graffiti Artists in the World. Accessed on

July 2, 2019 at https://learnodo-newtonic.com/famous-graffiti-artists.
Brighenti, A. M. (2010). At the wall: graffiti writers, urban territoriality, and

the public domain. Space and Culture, 13(3), 315–332.
De La Cruz, Christa. 2016. 10 Filipino Installation Artists You Should Follow

on Instagram. Accessed on June 17, 2019 at https://www.spot.ph/arts
culture/arts-culture-peopleparties/67004/10-filipino-installation-artists you-
should-follow-on-instagram-a00171-20160713-lfrm
Encyclopedia of Fine Arts. n. d. Tempera Painting. Accessed on June 13, 2019

at http://www.visual-arts-cork.com/painting/tempera.html
181
Heidirich, Timothy. n.d. Cinematography Techniques: The Different Types of

Shots in Film. Accessed on June 17, 2019 at
https://www.oma.on.ca/en/contestpages/resources/free-report
cinematography.pdf
Murphy, Arthur and Sklar, Robert. 2019. Motion Picture. Encyclopedia
Britannica. Accessed on May 19, 2019 at
https://www.britannica.com/art/motion-picture
Rollins, Jessica. 2015. A Recipe for Art. Phoenix High School Art
Department. http://www.phoenixhsart.com/a-recipe-for-art.html
Sabol, Robert, 2011. The Importance of Providing Quality Art Education for
AllStudents.https://www.seenmagazine.us/Articles/Article-
Detail/articleid/1818/the-importance-of-providing-quality-art-education
for-all-students
Tabotabo, Claudio V., Ronald M. Corpuz, and Ryan F. Hidalgo. 2013.

Introduction to the Humanities and the Basics of Art Appreciation.
Intramuros, Manila. Purely Books Trading & Publishing Corp.
https://admissions.johncabot.edu
https://www.amc.com/
https://www.ancient.eu/
https://www.artistsnetwork.com/art-terms/encaustic/
https://www.artistnetwork.com
https://www.artradarjournal.com
http://artsanddisplay.blogspot.com/2015/02/carla-abellana-portrait-drawing.html
https://artist.com/art
https://www.austincubed.comce
https://www.bayeuxmuseum.com/en/
http://be-design.com.au
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Leonardo-da-Vinci
https://www.britannica.com/
182
https://www.britishmuseum.org
https://cnnphilippines
https://www.choosephilppines.com
183

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Unit 6: Appreciating Visual Arts

Unit 6: Appreciating Visual Arts

b. Demonstrate an understanding of visual arts, as well as their subject, function,

Topic 1: Visual Artworks and Artists

At the end of this unit, students will be able to: a.

Activating Prior Knowledge

Maryo delos Reyes

a. Inabel b. Madonna of the Meadows c. Spoliarium

Contemporary Arts is a form of art of today, conceived in modern times, which

Mediums of Visual Arts

an artist to interpret his feelings or thoughts. Many mediums were used in

Fresco painting at a Bohol Church

Anita Magsaysay-Ho, “Harvest”

Fayum Mummy Portrait (EA74714)

Geraldine Javier, “Proposal for the National

Encaustic painting is a mixed media

mature years perhaps was a priest, in

Leonardo da Vinci , “Monalisa”

Thomas Hart Benton, “The Bicyclers”

David Hockney. (Artist Network,

A part of the mosaic

the world hangs on the Villa Harvey

mosaics are found in the churches of Basilica of Sant’Apollinare Nuovo,

to be laid down that depict the universe and its end.

were produced by blowing a bubble

Tapestry or Textile Tapestry or textile is a piece of fabric with images or

Pen and India Ink

• Charcoal is a drawing material made of carbon in different forms like stick,

Pasha” by Eugene Delacroix, “Durer’s Rhinoceros” by Albrecht Durer,

special greasy ink – called tusche,

Andreas Gursky,“Rhein II” priced at US$ 4.3M Angelo Fan,“Bouyancy”

• Jade is a semi-precious green or

• Ivory is the hard white or creamcolored substance from tusks of animals

• Plaster is a mixture of lime, water, and sand, gypsum or cement. It is used

• Glass is a hard, brittle, transparent or

• Wood is the sculpture medium most

(coating the object with a glaze or applying to it decorative techniques); (4)

Lee Unkrich, Adrian Molina,

filmsare ones in which individual

Movie Production or Film Making

culture, the materials considered rare

Kawayan de Guia, Juan Alcazaren, Neil Pasilan and Leeroy New.

Photo Art Appropriation. Choose one visual artwork and do photo

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Topic 2: Understanding the Subjects of Visual Arts and their

Activating Prior Knowledge

1. a. harmony b. balance c. color

2. a. repetition b. harmony c. line

3. a. balance b. texture c. emphasis

4. a. line b. variety c. composition

5. a. symmetry b. texture c. color

Presentation of Contents Understanding Visual Art: Identifying Theme,

Analysis of “The Dance of Life” by Edvard Munch

The Dance of Life by Edvard

Analysis of the Artwork “Starry Night” by Vincent van Gogh

Vincent van Gogh, “Starry Night”

It is best to explain The Principles of Art using “The Starry Night”, by

Balance is a sense of stability in the artwork. Balance can be achieved by creating

Movement adds interest to an artwork by showing action and directing the

Elements and Principles of Visual Arts

Analysis of the Artwork “The School of Athens” by Raphael Sanzio

Raphael Sanzio, “The School of Athens”

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