GOLDEN RULES:

1. Do not be personal/emotional/subjective (do not use you, we, us,

our)

2. Use examples(that you can also invent), when needed, in the form
of a survey/ study/ research, nothing personal from your life or your
friends’ lives, as this is an academic essay.

3. Use as many synonyms as possible, do not repeat words, find

different ways in which to express the same idea. You are supposed
to impress with your vocabulary.

4. Follow the structures!

5. Always read articles regarding the topic that you have to write
about BEFORE starting to write in order to always acquire new
academic words and ideas.

6. Do not use ‘will’ – use would/could/should

7. Try to avoid using ‘he/she’ – use they/their

8. Do not use metaphors, idioms, phrasal verbs

9. Do not use good/bad/to have (B1 Vocabulary)

Opinion Essay

To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Do you agree or disagree?

How far do you agree or disagree?

Option 1: Total Agreement/Disagreement - 5 paragraphs

 1. Introduction (40 words)

● Paraphrase the topic

● State your opinion

2. Body paragraph 1 (80 words)

To begin with,

● 1 Argument

● 1 example

3. Body paragraph 2 (80 words)

To continue (with),

● 1 Argument

● 1 example

4. Concession paragraph (40 words)

● Take the opposing view into account and then reject it (Admittedly…,
however/Nevertheless..)

5. Conclusion (40 words)

● Summarise

● Restate your opinion

Option 2: Total Agreement/Disagreement - 4 paragraphs

 1. Introduction (40 words)

● Paraphrase the topic

● State your opinion

2. Body paragraph 1 (160 words)

To begin with,

● 3 arguments

● 1 example

3. Concession paragraph (40 words)

● Take the opposing view into account and then reject it (Admittedly…,
nevertheless..)

4. Conclusion 40 words

● Summarise

● Restate your opinion

Advantages and Disadvantages - 4 paragraphs

What are the advantages and disadvantages of …?

1. Introduction (40 words)

- Paraphrase the topic

- Outline sentence (This essay will discuss…)

 2. Body paragraph 1 - Advantages (75-100 words)

Regarding the adv/disadv,

- 2-3 advantages

- 1 example

3. Body paragraph 2 - Disadvantages (75-100 words)

Turning to the adv/disadv,

- 2-3 disadvantages

- 1 example

4. Conclusion (40 words)

- The most important advantage and disadvantage

- No opinion!

Problem - Solution Essay

What are the problems and what are the solutions?

Introduction (40 words)

Paraphrase the topic

Outline sentence (This essay will discuss )

 2. Body Paragraph 1 (100 words)

Arguably, (The gravest problem..) Describe 3 problems (optional: you can use a
‘such as’ to introduce an example)

another cause/ root/origin/factor

a final cause

3. Body Paragraph 2 (100 words)

(Turning to the solutions,) the main solution/ primary solution/remedy/step to be

taken/resolution/ Suggest 3 solutions, mirroring the 3 problems (same order) - use
should, conditional type two

4. Conclusion (40 words)

To conclude/ In conclusion/ To sum up, The gravest problem and the most effective
solution. No opinion.

Both Views Essay

Discuss both views and give your opinion.

Is this a positive or negative development?

What is your opinion?

Introduction (40 words)

Paraphrase
 Outline sentence (this essay will discuss/examine both perspectives)

2. Opinion A (100 words)

On the one hand, supporters claim that

Topic Sentence - Supporters/ Proponents argue/believe/claim

- 2/3 arguments

1 example - doesn’t matter

3. Opinion B (100 words)

On the other hand, critics believe that

Topic Sentence - Opponents/ Other people/ Critics of …

2/3 arguments

1 example - doesn’t matter

4. Conclusion (40 words)

In conclusion/ To conclude/ To sum up, although… it seems to me

Advantages outweigh disadvantages - opinion+ideas essay

Do the advantages outweigh the disadvantages?

 1. Introduction 40 words

-paraphrase the topic

-opinion + outline sentence

2. Paragraph 1- 70 words

-Arguably/Perhaps/Maybe

-The weaker point - 1 minus/plus

-1 example

3. Paragraph 2 - 70 words

-Turning to the pros/pluses/minuses/drawbacks - 1 plus/positive aspect/benefit/disadvantage

- 1 example

4. Paragraph 3 - 70 words

-Another plus/pro / One more plus/pro/ minus/disadvantage - 1 plus/disadvantage

-1 example

5. Conclusion - 40 words

-Summary

-Restate opinion

TASK 1
Charts- pie,bar,line chart,table
1. Introduction (30 words) 1-2 sentences

- paraphrase the topic

- no numerical data, except for years

2. Main body (120-130 words) (1/2/3 body paragraphs depending on the number of visuals)

- group the data

- identify the trends (increasing,stable, roughly stable,decreasing,fluctuating)

- compare/contrast the data

3. Conclusion (30 words)

- OVERALL - what did the comparison between groups of data/charts show - most important
observations (if you have more than one)

PROCESS - DESCRIPTION
1. INTRODUCTION

- paraphrase the topic

- years can be mentioned

2. MAIN PARAGRAPH

- show the process, remember to use passive voice + time connectors – we focus on the
action, not on who/what does it

Next, then, to begin with, subsequently…

 3. Conclusion

- Overall... how many steps...first, last step

Maps
1.Introduction

- paraphrase the topic

2.Main paragraph(s)

- A. First image (before the changes)

- B. Second image (after the changes)

3.Overall

The most important change(s)

The information contained in this communication and any attachments is confidential and may be privileged, and is
for the sole use of the intended recipient(s). Any unauthorized review, use, disclosure or distribution is prohibited.
Unless explicitly stated otherwise in the body of this communication or the attachment thereto (if any), the information
is provided on an AS-IS basis without any express or implied warranties or liabilities. To the extent you are relying on
this information, you are doing so at your own risk. If you are not the intended recipient, please notify the sender
immediately by replying to this message and destroy all copies of this message and any attachments. Neither the
sender nor the company/group of companies he or she represents shall be liable for the proper and complete
transmission of the information contained in this communication, or for any delay in its receipt.