Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Reading Intro
Reading Comprehension p. 4
1. T 3. F 5. T 7. T
2. F 4. F 6. T
Vocabulary Activities Step I: Word Level p. 5
A
2. average 5. behavior 8. linked
3. wondered 6. complex 9. analyze
4. possible 7. located 10. functions
Vocabulary Activities Step I: Word Level p. 6
B
2. e. The function of the eyes is to see.
3. d. The function of the stomach is to digest food.
4. f. The function of the ears is to hear.
5. b. The function of the nose is to smell.
6. c. The function of the teeth is to chew.
Vocabulary Activities Step I: Word Level p. 6
C
1. I 2. P 3. P 4. P 5. I 6. P
Vocabulary Activities Step I: Word Level p. 7
D
Answers may vary.
A The average office worker watches television at night.
A The average office worker sits at a desk.
A The average office worker eats dinner with family members.
A The average office worker talks to people at work.
Vocabulary Activities Step II: Sentence Level p. 32
E
1. develop 4. similarly 7. confused 10. shift
2. feature 5. appears 8. vary
3. difference 6. accurate 9. system
Unit 3: Living with Bacteria
Reading Comprehension p. 36
1. T 3. F 5. F 7. T
2. F 4. T 6. T 8. F
Reading Skill: Identifying Definitions p. 36
Apply
1. tiny living things
2. harmful bacteria
Review a Skill: Pronoun References p. 36–37
1. Paragraph 1:
They = bacteria he = Antony van Leeuwenhoek them = bacteria
2. Paragraph 3: He = a person
3. Paragraph 4:
them = foods them = foods
4. Paragraph 4: it = meat
5. Paragraph 6: it = plant material
Vocabulary Activities Step I: Word Level p. 37
A
2. e. I will transfer the leftover food to a small bowl.
3. f. I will transfer my daughter to a new school.
4. g. I will transfer my furniture to my new apartment.
5. b. I will transfer my account to another bank.
6. c. I will transfer my office to another building.
7. d. I will transfer the email message to your computer.
Vocabulary Activities Step I: Word Level p. 38
B
2. d. Drive carefully to prevent accidents.
3. e. Wash all fruits and vegetables to prevent a sick stomach.
4. b. Cover your mouth when you cough to prevent spreading germs.
5. c. Do not hang towels by a hot stove to prevent a fire.
Vocabulary Activities Step I: Word Level p. 38
C
E Fires Destroy Forests in Asia E Rain Causes Floods in Canada
African City Chosen for Olympics E Harmful Bacteria Spreads to Whales
E Water Shortage Exists in Brazil E Earthquake Damages River System
E Disease Infects Desert Animals Truck Causes Highway Accident
Beaches Sunny for Holiday Bird Museum Opens Today
Vocabulary Activities Step I: Word Level p. 60
A
P running a race P planting a garden
M memorizing a poem P painting a fence
P washing a car P walking up stairs
M reading a newspaper M spelling words
P playing tennis P swimming
M adding numbers P cleaning windows
Vocabulary Activities Step I: Word Level p. 61
B
1. traditions 4. tradition 7. tradition
2. traditional 5. Traditionally
3. Traditionally 6. traditional
Vocabulary Activities Step I: Word Level p. 61
C
1. sufficiently 4. sufficient 7. sufficient
2. sufficient 5. sufficiently 8. sufficient
3. sufficiently 6. sufficient
Vocabulary Activities Step II: Sentence Level p. 62
D
2. I assumed you knew that I had a job interview yesterday.
3. I assume you didn’t get the job.
4. No. The interviewer assumed that I had a degree in chemistry.
5. I assume you told him your degree is in music.
6. Yes. I wasn’t qualified to assume the position of Research Director.
7. Lin, you have to assume control of your life.
Vocabulary Activities Step II: Sentence Level p. 63
E
1. assisted 4. assistance 7. assistance
2. assistance 5. assistant
3. assisted 6. assist
Vocabulary Activities Step II: Sentence Level p. 63
F
1. factors 4. assumed 7. Consequently 10. community
2. define 5. sufficient 8. physical
3. tradition 6. assist 9. seek
1. F 2. T 3. F 4. T 5. T 6. F
Reading Skill: Identifying Examples p. 68
Apply
1. One was the other … was
2. Four
For example also
also Finally
Review a Skill: Identifying Cause and Result p. 68
Until the end of the 19 century, few buildings were taller than ten stories. One
th
reason was because people could not easily climb higher on stairs. Also, the entire
structure of an old building was supported by its four outside walls.
Vocabulary Activities Step I: Word Level p. 69
A
2. g. A botanist might study a leaf.
3. e. A geologist might study a volcano.
4. f. A linguist might study Korean.
5. c. A meteorologist might study a thunderstorm.
6. b. An astronomer might study the solar system.
7. d. A veterinarian might study a horse’s heart.
Vocabulary Activities Step I: Word Level p. 69
B
Fence posts are vertical. Milk cartons are vertical.
Flagpoles are vertical. Candles are vertical.
Tree trunks are vertical. Walls are vertical.
Chimneys are vertical. Lampposts are vertical.
When both hands on a clock are vertical, it’s 6:00, 6:30, 12:00, or 12:30.
Vocabulary Activities Step I: Word Level p. 70
C
Answers will vary. Possible answers:
M Losing my luggage Reading a magazine
Sitting next to a window M Missing the airplane
Having a cup of coffee M Spilling a cup of coffee on my lap
M Not being able to sleep Forgetting to pack a book to read
Watching a movie M Sitting next to a crying baby
Vocabulary Activities Step I: Word Level p. 76
B
2. In the port area. 6. In the transportation area.
3. In the industrial area. 7. In the administrative area.
4. In the residential area. 8. In the historical area.
5. In the downtown area.
Vocabulary Activities Step II: Sentence Level p. 77
C
Answers will vary. Possible answers:
2. Yes, I made a previous visit two months ago.
3. Yes, a friend of mine previously worked for this company.
4. I previously worked on an organic farm.
5. My previous experience with computers was using spreadsheet software.
Vocabulary Activities Step II: Sentence Level p. 78
D
2. We should not restrict the height of buildings.
3. That restriction is one reason we have a housing shortage.
4. We need to add restrictions to that law.
5. If we build taller apartments, we will need to restrict parking on the streets.
6. Right now, there are no restrictions on street parking.
7. Street parking should be restricted to people who live nearby.
8. That restriction would be impossible to enforce.
Vocabulary Activities Step II: Sentence Level p. 79
E
Answers will vary. Possible answers:
2. How high is the Great Pyramid at Giza? It’s 146 meters high.
3. How tall is the Eiffel Tower? It’s 1,063 meters high.
4. What is the height of Mount Everest? It’s 8,948 meters tall.
5. How high is Burj Khalifa skyscraper? The height of Burj Khalifa skyscraper is
2,717 feet.
6. What is the height of the tallest roller coaster? It’s 139 meters high.
Vocabulary Activities Step II: Sentence Level p. 79
F
1. designed 5. areas 9. major
2. constructed 6. restricted 10. structures
3. vertical 7. height
4. support 8. previous
Reading Comprehension p. 92
1. F 2. T 3. T 4. F 5. T
Reading Skill: Identifying Time Signals p. 92
Apply
1. Before humans learned to farm.
2. (1) packing in salt; (2) canning; (3) refrigerating; (4) freezing
Review a Skill: Identifying Examples p. 92
1. For example, they preserved meat by packing it in salt or by hanging over a
smoking fire. They also preserved vegetables in olive oil, salt, or vinegar
2. ways to preserve food
Vocabulary Activities Step I: Word Level p. 92
A
C frying P freezing P salting
E using a fork C boiling P canning
P refrigerating C baking E using chopsticks
Vocabulary Activities Step I: Word Level p. 93
B
2. d. Job applications are available in the manager’s office.
3. b. Oranges are available for 85¢ a pound, today only.
4. e. Immediate check‐out service is available at cash register Number 6.
5. f. Ice cream is available in eight delicious flavors.
6. c. Fresh bread is available in the bakery section.
Vocabulary Activities Step I: Word Level p. 93
C
2. c. The United States wants to preserve the Grand Canyon.
3. e. India wants to preserve the Taj Mahal.
4. f. England wants to preserve Stonehenge.
5. d. China wants to preserve the Great Wall.
6. b. Egypt wants to preserve the pyramids.
Vocabulary Activities Step II: Sentence Level p. 94
D
2. Cooking foods made a significant improvement in the diet of humans.
3. For example, cooking destroyed a significant number of the bacteria found in
raw food
4. This made the foods significantly more nutritious.
5. Cooking also released a significant amount of the poisons that occurred in
some foods.
6. Cooking significantly improved the flavor of food.
7. This made the foods significantly easier to digest.
Vocabulary Activities Step II: Sentence Level p. 95
E
1. cultural 3. culture 5. cultural 7. cultural
2. culture 4. culture 6. culture
Vocabulary Activities Step II: Sentence Level p. 96
F
1. preserve 5. available 9. supply
2. discovered 6. techniques 10. ensure
3. diet 7. culture
4. significantly 8. relies on
Unit 7: Patterns of Technology
Reading Comprehension p. 100
1. T 3. F 5. F 7. T 9. T
2. T 4. F 6. T 8. F
Reading Skill: Identifying Steps in a Sequence p. 100
Apply
1. 3
2. 6; 2
3. Drawings should follow the directions;
1. Draw a square on a piece of paper. Make the square about one inch
wide and one inch high.
2. Next, draw six vertical lines inside the square.
3. Use a pencil to blacken in the first three spaces on the left.
4. Then leave the fourth space white.
5. Next, blacken in the fifth space.
6. Finally, leave the last two spaces white.
Review a Skill: Identifying Time Signals p. 101
1. recently 2. Before 3. Now
Vocabulary Activities Step I: Word Level p. 102
A
Space Technology Medical Technology Information Technology
satellites orbiting Earth brain surgery cell phones
moon landings heart transplants laptop computers
studies of the sun preventing some diseases the Internet
Sentences may vary. Possible sentences:
Space technology made moon landings possible.
Space technology made studies of the sun possible.
Medical technology made brain surgery possible.
Medical technology made heart transplants possible.
Medical technology made preventing some diseases possible.
Information technology made cell phones possible.
Information technology made laptop computers possible.
Information technology made the Internet possible.
4. Q: I’ll be buying a new car next week. Where can I obtain a driver’s license?
A: You can obtain a driver’s license at the Motor Vehicle office.
5. Q: I want to move into this building. Where can I obtain rental information?
A: You can obtain rental information at the manager’s office.
Vocabulary Activities Step I: Word Level p. 156
B
S a ship’s horn S a radio H an oven L, H a candle
S piano L, H the sun S thunder S a bell
L, H a lamp S a voice L, H a fire H a stove
Example sentences:
A ship’s horn is a source of sound.
A lamp is a source of light.
The sun is a source of heat and light.
Vocabulary Activities Step II: Sentence Level p. 157
C
1. Wave farms could affect the environment of whales and fish.
2. Using renewable energy sources will affect the production of electricity.
3. A changing climate could affect the way humans live.
4. Our many machines have affected how humans do work.
5. The growing world population has affected our need for energy.
Vocabulary Activities Step II: Sentence Level p. 158
D
1. Wave farms could potentially cause harm to whales.
2. Wave farms are a potential source for generating electricity.
3. Renewable energy has the potential to increase our supply of electricity.
4. Cloudy weather has the potential to reduce the amount of energy a solar
panel absorbs.
5. A growing population will cause a potential increase in energy needs.
Vocabulary Activities Step II: Sentence Level p. 158
E
Answers may vary. Possible answers:
2. Consumers are demanding cheaper fuel.
3. One approach is to make a fuel from plants that people consume, such as
corn.
4. However, using corn to make fuel means less corn for consumers to eat.
5. The bacteria consume these materials, and their bodies release oil.
6. This process is one way to give consumers a cheaper fuel.