3.
1 Application of Health Informatics in Clinical Practice
Electronic Health Record
➔ Contains a systematic documentation of a client's
health status and health care in a secured digital
format.
➔ A collection of rich data stored a database that that
possess capacity for customization that can be
adapted to the needs of the patient, health care
provider and health care organization which can
shared with multiple providers across health care
setting.
Features of A Hospital based Electronic Health Record
1. Charting
2. Medication Management
3. Scheduling
4. Labs
5. Referrals
6. Bill Coding
7. Reporting/Surveillance
8. Health Maintenance
Benefits of EHR Use
1. Point of care entry allow the nurse to capture the
activities of care as they occur.
2. Documentation of care is legible which lessen the
time wasted on trying to learn what has been written
by the HCP.
3. Rapid access to patient-related data
4. Data is available using remote workstations
5. Interoperability and data portability
6. Evidences such as clinical practice guidelines in are
embedded in the EHR
Challenges of EHR Use
1. Change in workflow patterns
2. System and system-related expense
3. Performance and Security Concerns
eHealth
➔ An emerging field of medical informatics which refers
to the organization and delivery of health services and
information using the Web and related technology.
➔ Health care initiatives and practice supported
electronic or digital media used usually for patients
and family education where information is
communicated electronically.
Applications of eHealth
1. Communicating with a patient through a
teleconference, email, SMS
2. Recording, retrieving, and mining data in an electronic
medical record (EMR/EHR)
3. Providing patient teachings with the aid of electronic
tools
Effects of eHealth
1. Represents optimism by allowing patients and health
workers to look into various options.
2. Enables the patient to received tailored information
3. Empowers the patients to open a new types of
relationship.
Telemedicine
➔ the use of information exchange from one site to
another via electronic communications to improve
patient’s health status.
➔ health services delivered by telecommunications-
ready tools, supervised or directed by a physician
3.2 Administrative and Clinical Information Systems
I. Administrative Information Systems
➔ Support client care by managing financial and
demographic information and providing reporting
capabilities which includes client management,
financial, payroll, human resources and quality
assurance system.
➔ Contains primarily administrative and financial data
➔ Used to support the management functions and
general operations of the health care organization
A. Patient Administration Systems
● Admission, Discharge, and Transfer Registration -
system is used to collect and store client identification
and demographic data that are verified and updated
at the time of each visit
● Scheduling -allows a health care organization to
schedule clients and resources efficiently.
● Patient billing or accounts receivable
● Utilization management
B. Financial Management Systems
● Financial systems manage the expenses and revenue
for providing healthcare.
● Financial systems often interface to share information
with materials management, staffing, and billing
systems to balance the financial impact of these
resources within an organization.
- Accounts payable/Ledger
- Materials Management
- Payroll and Human Resource Systems track
employee time and attendance, credentials,
performance evaluations, and payroll compensation
information.
- Staff Scheduling systems coordinate staff, services,
equipment, and allocation of patient beds.
II. Clinical Information Systems
➔ Large computerized database management systems
that support several types of activities that may
include physician order entry, result retrieval,
documentation, and decision support
➔ Clinicians use these systems to access data that are
used to plan, implement, evaluate case.
(Application of Health Informatics in Administration)
A. Nursing Information System
● are computer systems that manage clinical data from
a variety of healthcare environments and made
available in a timely and orderly fashion to aid nurses
in improving patient care.
B. Computerized Provider Entry Order Entry Systems
● Refers to the process of providers entering and
sending treatment instructions – including medication,
laboratory, and radiology orders – via a computer
application rather than paper, fax, or telephone.
● Order entry systems provide major safeguards by
ensuring that physician orders are legible and
complete.
C. Laboratory Systems
● Laboratory Information Systems were one of the first
systems ever used in healthcare.
● Systems which includes report on blood, body fluid
and tissue samples along with biological specimens
that are collected at the bedside and received in a
central laboratory.
D. Radiology Systems
● Radiology Information System (RIS) are systems
schedule, result, and store information as it relates to
diagnostic radiology procedures.
● The benefit of RIS and picture archiving and
communication system (PACS) is their ability to assist
in diagnosing and storing vital patient care support
data.
E. Pharmacy System
● These systems typically allow pharmacists to order,
manage and dispense medications for a facility.
3.3 Computer Technology Used in Education 3. Fully online - All content and communication are
conducted entirely online and no face-to-face
Types of Online Education component

A. Learning Management System (LMS) 3.4 Trends in Nursing Informatics

➔ A software product which was originally designed for
a corporate and government training division as a tool
to access workers skills for job positions and also
provide specific training for individuals or groups
(Saba, 2015).
1. Mobile Computing
- A technology that allows transmission of data, voice
and video via a computer or any other wireless enabled
device without having to be connected to a fixed
physical link.

Features of LMS Examples:

● Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs)
Features Functionality Tools ● Smart Phones
● Tablets
1. Synchronous Utilize virtual Chat ● Laptop computers
communication office hours Whiteboard ● Computer on Wheels (COW) or Workstation
Online tutoring Video Conference on Wheels (WOW)
and training
sessions 2. Wireless Patient Monitoring
Real-time - Technologies that enable remote surveillance of
communication patient vital functions through the use of internally and
Student-led externally located patient devices.
learning
Visual
presentation of 3. Mobile System Access
concepts - Mobile technologies that enable remote/virtual access
to current clinical systems such as Electronic Health
2. Asynchronous Allows user to Discussion Records (EHRs) and Picture Archiving and
communication read and reply to Forums Communication System (PACS)
others Email Examples: websites, portal and mobile apps
Peer interaction Journal
Self or group 4. Medical Devices (to include Wearables)
reflections - Mobile and/or wireless enabled technologies that
capture and track key care compliance and disease
3. Collaborative Promote group Wiki management area.
projects collaboration Blogs
development Sharing of 5. Virtual Consultation
information - Remote connectivity and multimedia solutions that
Self- reflections enable virtual care consultation, education, and therapy

4. Testing and Allows formative Online tests 6. Aging in Place

grading and summative Self-assessment - Remote technologies that enable clinically monitored
assessment Survey independent living for aging populations.
Informal test Polls
questions Examples:
Vote on issues ● Personal Emergency Response Systems
(PERS)
5. Social media Allows social Twitter ● Video Consultations
integration connections Facebook ● Motion/Activity monitoring
Collaboration YouTube ● Fall detection, Aggregation and Transport
Building RSS (Real Simple
community Syndication) 7. Photovoice
Feeds - A qualitative method of community-based research
that uses photographs to encourage knowledge and
transformative change, especially among marginalized
B. Content Management Systems groups.
➔ A database of learning objects which includes items
that are developed for instructions use. - Patient-participants are asked to capture and share
➔ Allows course developers to create learning objects photographs that relate to a particular condition, as well
such as videos, modules, assessments or any as their sentiments regarding it.
materials used for online learning.
➔ Allows course developers to create learning objects to 8. Smart Bed
- Uses advanced medical technology at the point of
develop, modify and create materials which can be
care, connecting important information wirelessly,
integrated with course or learning management seamlessly, and directly to care providers.
systems.
- Smart beds can monitor a patient's BP, temperature,
C. Massive Open Online Courses (MOOC) heartbeat, oxygen levels, and more, and deliver it to a
➔ A model for delivering free learning content and central node which can be accessed remotely.
usually does not require pre-requisites other than
internet and internet access.
➔ MOOC provide participants with course materials that 9. Creating Virtual Organs From Medical Imaging
(3D Printing)
are usually used in a traditional education setting - Creating digital copies of patients‘ organs to preplan
such as lectures, videos and study materials. device implantations and assess if there is improved
➔ MOOCs provide an affordable and flexible way to function or outcomes in a virtual environment before a
learn for career advancement, college preparation, patient enters a cath lab or operating room.
eLearning and training.
10. Use of High Fidelity Simulation in Nursing
Types of Course Delivery Education
- HFS seeks to address the cognitive, affective, and
1. Hybrid - A combination of online delivery and on site
psychomotor domains of active learning (Bastable,
conduct of classes 2008)
2. Web-enhanced - Face to face classes use web- - It has noted that simulation effectively provides a safe
based technology to facilitate self-studying environment for learning and applying essential skills
for nursing practice
11. The Rise of Augmented and Virtual Reality in
Healthcare
- Aids in neuro-surgical planning and help educate
patients on what will happen during their procedures in
true 3-D using the patient's own imaging scans.

12. Robotics (Surgery and Invasive Procedures)

- Robotics is the engineering science and technology of
robots, and their design, manufacture, application, and
structural disposition