Thianh tra

^ MICHINH

Ngdy 16-11, U hpi Gidng a

den Phu Dong (Gia Ldm) vd den
Soc (Soc San - Hd Npi) chinh thdc
duac UNESCO ton vinh vd cong
nhdn Id Di sdn vdn hoa phi vdt the
cua nhdn loqi. Dieu ndy them mpt
ldn nda khdng dinh su cong nhdn
cua the gi&i doi v&i nen vdn hoa
lau d&i, dpc ddo cua Viet Nam.
Ciing v&i 82 bia tien si a Vdn mieu
Quoc Tu Gidm duac cong nhdn Id
Di sdn Tu lieu thupc chuang trinh
Ky itc the gioi; Khu di tich Trung
tdm Hodng thdnh Thdng Long
duac cong nhdn Id Di sdn vdn hoa
the gi&i, Hpi Gidng a den Phu
Di s a n v a n h o a Hoi G i o n g
Dong vd den Soc Id di sdn thd 3
cua thdnh phoHd Noi duac
UNESCO vinh danh
trong ndm 2010.
U J)6i tioc nJjat b^ nfti
O le h i u het tre em Viet Nam

C
deu quen thudc vdi hinh anh
ngUdi anh himg Thanh Gidng
nhd tre dang nga danh bai giae An.
Hinh anh dd khdng chi khPi gpi
truyen thdng yeu nUdc eiia dan tdc
ma cdn la hinh tupng the hien khat
vpng ddc lap, tU do ciia ngUdi dan
dat Viet. Trai qua bao thang t r i m
Ijch sif, hinh tupng eau be len 3 mdi
biet ndi cUdi da dugc t h i n thanh hda
thdng qua cac le hdi tudng nhd eua
ngudi dan. Ban d i u , hpi Gidng ehi la
l l hdi lang. Den thdi Ly Cdng Uan
ddi dd ve Thang Long, hpi Gidng
mdi ed y nghTa tren dien rpng nham
tdn vinh mdt trong nhifng v i n de
quan trpng nha't cua dan tdc - chien
d i u bao ve d i t nude va the hien
khat vpng hda binh.
Thanh Gidng la mpt trong
nhifng anh h i i n g c h d n g giae
ngoai x a m ciia Viet Nam va la
mpt t r o n g Tir bat tir (Tan V i e n ,
Thanh G i d n g , T h a n h mau L i i u
H a n h , Chir D o n g Tir).
Hoi Giong - "bdo t a n g
van hoa" hiem co
Cd le mpt trong nhtfng ly do
khien Le hpi Gidng dupc edng nhan
la di san van hda phi vat the bdi nd
chifa dung nhieu t i n g y nghTa van
hda khac nhau. Dd la tu tudng eau
mong mUa thuan gid hda eho miia
mang bpi thu cuia d c cU dan ndng
nghiep va tren het, dd la le hdi ciia
nhan dan, hoan toan khdng bj Nha
nUde hda. Hang tram nam nay, ngUdi
dan da gdp edng gdp eiia de lam l l
hpi cua minh va giijf nguyen ven
nhung nghi le do cha dng truyen lai.
L l hdi Gidng ed rat nhieu trd
diln xudng dan gian, dien hinh la d c
dam rude: rude kham dudng, rude
nude rdi hat ai lao..., trong dd dae
biet nha't la diln xUdng ba tran danh
cua Thanh Gidng. Ba dja diem dien
ra ba tran danh dupe bieu tupng
thanh ba chiee chieu, ben tren cd
nhtmg td giay tring bieu trUhg cho
may va chiee bat up bieu tupng cho
ddi nui, ngUdi ddng vai Thanh Gidng
se da nhifng chiee bat de the hien
sufc manh bat nui ciia ngUdi anh
himg... Net tinh te eiia le hpi la t i t d
chi tiet cuia truyen thuye't deu dupe
the hien sinh dpng bang d e bieu
tupng, neu khdng cd bieu tupng l l
hdi se m i t di nhieu y nghTa.
L l hpi Gidng d den Phii Odng
va den Sdc ndi len nhU mpt le hdi
dae biet trong sd hon 7.000 le hdi
dan gian d nUdc ta. L l hpi Thanh
Gidng hay edn gpi la Hpi lang Phii
odng (ten ndm la lang Gidng) la mdt
trong nhifng hpi le Idn nha't d Odng
bang B l e Bd, mdt dien trudng ljch sir
van hoa, dien lai sutfeh Thanh Gidng
danh thing giae An
Hang nam, cd den ngay 9/4 am
ljch (ngay dng Gidng thing giae An),
ngUdi dan lai do ve tU mpi nga xa g i n
de xem l l , du hdi lang. L l hdi lang
Gidng dupe eif hanh tren mdt dien
trudng rdng Idn dai khoang 3 km
gdm den Thupng, den Mau (thd me
Gidng) va chiia Kien So, lang Phii

:TJ7|03+ 104(lhang 1+2-2011)

 iThanh tra
MICHINH
Dong, Gia Lam, Ha Ndi.
Hpi bat dau tU mdng 6/4. Trong
nhtfng ngay nay dan lang td chife l i
rude cd tdi den M i u , rUde com chay
(com d , thifc an ma Gidng thfch)
len den ThUOng. Ngay chfnh hpi
(9/4) cd le rude kieu vdng tU den
M l u len den Thupng va td chife hdi
tran (dien lai tran pha giae An).
Mdng 10 lam l l duyet quan ta Pn
Gidng. Ngay 11 l l rira khf gidi. Ngay
12, l l rude ed bao tin thing tran vdi
trdi dat. Cudi cung la l i khao quan,
den dem ed hat Cheo.
L l hdi an tang d he tU tudng
dao ly va triet hpc, nham the hien sU
hda hpp trong gia dinh, trong qud'c
gia, ddng thdi hudng td; mong Udc
thien ha thai binh. La mdt vi thanh
trong TU bit tif eiia ngudi Viet chau
thd B l e bp, Thanh Gidng dupe
phung thd d cac lang thudc eac
huyen Gia Lam, Sdc Son, TU Liem,
Thudng Tin va quan Long Bien thupc
thanh phd Ha Npi.
Le hpi Thanh Gidng d xa Phii
odng (huyen Gia Lam) la l l hdi b noi
sinh, l l hpi den Sdc d huyen Sdc
Son la l l hdi d noi mpt nhan vat
huyen thoai da dugc Ijch sir hda,
thanh mdt nhan vat tin ngudng, mdt
anh hung dan too. Gia trj dpc dao
ciia le hpi Thanh Gidng la ngUdi dan
tai hien chien edng ciia ngudi anh
hiing bang mpt hdi tran, nhung la
mpt hdi tran bieu trUng.
Neu le hpi la mdt "bao tang van
hda" chUa dung nhieu Idp phii sa
van hda, tfn ngUdng thi trUdng hpp le
hpi Thanh Gidng cd the coi nhu mpt
"bao tang van hda" tieu bieu nhat.
Cd the thay trong le hdi Thanh
Gidng eac tfn ngUdng ed xua ciia
ngudi Viet nhuti'n ngUdng thd da, thd
cae vj t h i n tU nhien, thd td nghe, thd
mpt anh hiing dan toe...
Le hpi Gidng la le hpi d i u tien d
nude ta dUde lap hd so de trinh
UNESCO xem xet, cdng nhan la Di
san van hda phi vat the dai dien eua
nhan loai. Hpi Gidng la mpt trong
nhtfng le hdi Idn cua d nUdc, mieu ta
lai toan bd eupe chien dau chdng
giae ngoai xam eiia cha
dng ta.
Le hdi Gidng d den
Phil odng va den Sdc la
le hdi dugc edng ddng
bao tdn, truyen tU the he
nay qua the he khae, coi nhU mdt
phin ban s i c ciia hp, chifa dung
nhifng sang tao mang t i m nhan loai,
the hien khat vpng ve mdt eupe sdng
thjnh VUpng eho mdi gia dinh, ve mpt
nen hda binh cho dat nudc...
S u thong nhat vd
nguyen ven cua Hoi Giong
Cho den ngay hdm nay, Le hpi
Gidng v i n tdn tai nhieu noi d viing
ddng bang B l e bp, tam diem la lang
Phil Odng (Gia Lam) - noi Thanh
Gidng sinh ra va Phii Linh (Sdc Son)
- noi Thanh Gidng bay ve trdi vdi
nhieu nghi l i kha tUOng ddng.
Theo d c nha nghien ciifu thi d i
Idi ban dau cuia Hpi Gidng la le hpi
ndng nghiep nhUng den thdi Ly-
T r l n , Hpi Gidng bat dau thay ddi trd
thanh mpt hpi tran mang tinh bieu
tupng, tai hien lai cupc chien dau
chdng giae ngoai xam cCia cha dng
ta, tu luc chuan bi vu khi, life lupng,
luong thao cho den khi ket thuc tran
danh, tudng giae bj bat va dupe tha.
Su phat trien dd da giup Hdi Gidng
sdng mai trong nhan dan va dupc
chinh ngudi dan bdi dip, tao nen tfnh
cdng ddng dpc dao.
Trong Le hdi Gidng cd dien
xudng dan gian, lien quan den miia
hat ai lao, mua hd... va diln xUdng.
Cd the ndi rang, L i hpi Gidng khdng
chi gdp phin tao dpng lUc de d c gia
dinh d nhifng noi cd le hdi sdng tdt
hon, d trach nhiem bao tdn di san
hon, ma cdn gdp phin lam phong
phu them kho tang le hpi dan gian
Viet Nam.
Ngudi lang Gidng cd d e h gin
giif van hda rit rieng, hp rit tdn trpng
d c huong Ude quy djnh ngUdi dUpc
tham gia le hpi. Nhiing gia dinh d
(Xem tiep trang 78)
So 103 + 104 (Thang 1+2-2011)
 J Than htra
^ MICHINH
Cum di tich Hd Quyen -Voi Re..
phuong da khdng xir ly kien quyet, gay thiet hai cho di
san va sU phife tap keo dai, khdng dupe giai quyet triet
de. Cu the nhU d khu vifc Hd Tinh Tam hien khd cd bien
phap giai tda, tdn tao d n h quan do cd qua nhieu hp dan
lln chiem, sinh sdng khu vUc ven hd. Hay nhU cum di
tich Hd Quyen - Voi Re, cac nganh churc nang mdi
khoanh vimg bao ve, chU chua ed phuong an tdn tao va
bao tdn.
Cd the ndi, trong nhung nam qua, edng tae tdn tao,
bao tdn di tich Cd dd Hue ludn dupe d e d p , d c nganh
eiia tinh ThUa Thien - Hue quan tam coi trpng, va dae
biet la Trung tam Bao tdn Di tfch Cd dd Hue vdi nhumg
giai phap eu the nham bao tdn Di san the gidi tdt nha't cd
the. Ben canh dd, Trung tam edn phuc dung nhtfng tai
san, gia tri phi vat the nhu Nha nhac Cung dinh Hue...
Viee triing tu d c di tfch d Cd dd Hue dang gap phai
nhifng thach thUe mdi tU eupe sdng eiia mdt dd thj dang
phat trien. Do dd, d Hue mudn lam gi cung lo vudng di
san, dan mudn coi ndi nha cifa eung phai dupc phep eiia
nhieu d p , nhieu nganh chUc nang. trong Thanh ndi, nha
dan khdng dugc cao qua 11 m, khdng qua 2 ting; nhilu
chile d u trong d e khu di tfch dang xudng d p nhUng co
quan chUe nang ehUa tim ra dupe giai phap de bao tdn
vi d m d u thi dan khdng cd ldi di, lam them d u mdi thi
pha vd chinh the kien triic di tfch... Nhimg quy djnh nhU
vay la nham bao ve di tfch va khdng gian di san, nhUng
giai quyet the nao bai toan nha d trUde sifc ep dan sd gia
tang va tdc dp dd thi hda la dieu khdng he don gian. Do
dd, theo lanh dao eiia UBND tinh ThUa Thien - Hue,
cimg vdi ngudn kinh phi thda dang, thi viee bao ve di tich
d Cd dd Hue ra't d n mpt cO che dae thii.
Ai cung biet, he thdng di tfch d Cd dd Hue la di san
van hda quy khdng nhifng eua Viet Nam ma edn la di
san quy ciia the gidi, nhung lam the nao de di san
trudng tdn, gdp phin vao sU phat trien kinh te - van hda
- xa hdi eiia tinh ThUa Thien - Hue ndi rieng, cuia d i t
nudc ndi chung v i n phu thupc rat Idn vao sU quan tam
cuia d e d p , d e nganh chife nang, ma true tiep la tinh
ThUa Thien - H u e . *
Di san van hoa Hoi Giong...
(Tie'p theo trang 76)
eon d i hu hdng, khdng hda thuan se khdng dupc tham
gia hpi lang. Gia dinh nao d eon dupe chpn ddng vai
Thanh Gidng trong dien xUdng thi ddc hit Idng het sifc
de lam dung d e nghi l l , thii tue ma cha dng tmyen lai.
NgUdi ddng vai Thanh Gidng se dupe dan lang cung kinh
gpi la dng Lenh... Thdng qua nhiing viec lam dd ngudi
dan da giao due eho d c the he eon chau cua minh tinh
than thupng vd, doan kit.
Trong nhifng ghi chep edn lai tU nam 1893, nha
nghien cifu ngUdi Phap G.Dumoutier da viet: "Hpi
Gidng edn dpng mai trong tam tri mdi ngudi gidng nhif
mpt trong nhtfng canh tupng cam ddng nhat ma
chung tdi chifng k i l n d viing Bac ky. Lieu rang d chau
Au gia cd eua chung ta ngUdi dan cd cdn tu hao lam
le ky niem mdt sU kien ljch sir da dien ra hai nghin ba
tram nam trude?".
Cung gidng nhu bao di san van hda khac cua nhan
loai, sau niem vui chung ta d n ban tdi viee bao tdn, gin
giif di san nay sao cho hieu qua va ben vifng nhat. Noi
ve van de nay, GS.TS Ngd Difc Thjnh, iiy vien Hpi ddng
di san van hda qudc gia, ngUdi tham gia xay dung va
phan bien hd so trUde khi trinh UNESCO cho rang: "Li
hpi Gidng thudc ve nhan dan, do nhan dan sang tao ra,
chia khda cho viee bao tdn va gin gitJf chinh la nhan dan,
khdng ai d the thay the hp lam dieu dd. Nha nUde dii
cd bd ra bao nhieu tien ciia va cdng sufc nhUng de l i hpi
xa rdi nhan dan thi le hpi eung se hdng".
Dieu nay hoan toan ed ly bdi bat cuf hoat dpng nao
sdng trong nhan dan, do ngUdi dan gin giif cung la hoat
ddng lau ben, y nghTa nhit. Viee chung ta d n lam chi la;
giup ngudi dan hieu t i m quan trpng cua di san va cd y
thufc bao ve nd. Sap tdi, chac chan L i hpi Gidng se thu
hilt dupe SLf quan tam Idn eiia ddng dao ngUdi dan, moi
djp hdi lang theo dd cung tUng bimg, nhpn nhjp hdn.
Chi'nh vi vay, Nha nudc, d e td chifc xa hpi, don vj kinh
te cimg gdp sifc vdi ngUdi dan de bao tdn l i hpi. Tuy
nhien, gdp sire nhu the nao, gin giuf ra sao lai la van de
d n dupc d n nhac ky lUdng, bdi nhieu l i hdi khi d dieu
kien ve tien, eiia lai bj pha hdng.
PGS.TS T r i n Lam Bien - Cue di san van hda cho
rang: Mudn bao ve dupe Le hdi truyen thd'ng, trudc het
chung ta phai biet L l hdi la gi. L i hdi la mpt cap pham
trii thdng nha't nUOng tUa nhau de tdn tai, khdng cd cai
np thi khdng cd d i kia. Hpi trude h i t la sif tap hpp, chijf
hpi khdng phai la su vui chPi, tap hpp mdt epng ddng
ngUdi nao dd de thUe hien nhifng dieu Le.
Cai gdc cua L i hpi la mdt san pham ciia van hda
dan tpc Viet Nam va khdi d i u eOa nd lay tinh thin yeu
nudc, bao ve dan tdc lam trpng. Neu chung ta hieu ve
can edt ciia L l Hdi mpt d c h tif te thi ung xur cua chimg
ta vdi L l Hdi mdi tuf t e . *
So 103 + 104 (Thang 1+2-2011)