Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies,

Online ISSN 2278-8808, SJIF 2021 = 7.380, www.srjis.com

PEER REVIEWED & REFEREED JOURNAL, NOV-DEC, 2021, VOL- 9/68

Lokra=;ksijkUr tula[;k o`f) dk d`f"k fodkl ij izHkko& ,d HkkSxksfyd vè;;u

¼vkSjS;k tuin ds fo’ks’k lUnHkZ ea½s

eghiky flag] Ph. D.

,lksfl,V izksQslj ,oa foHkkxk/;{k Hkwxksy] xqykc flag fgUnw ¼ih0th0½ dkyst pkaniqj
L;kÅ ¼fctukSj½ fiu& 246725

Paper Received On: 21 DEC 2021

Peer Reviewed On: 31 DEC 2021
Published On: 1 JAN 2022

R4Z Scholarly Research Journal's is licensed Based on a work at www.srjis.com

izLrkouk
,d vuqeku ds vuqlkj ns'k esa 12 djksM+ fdlku gSa rFkk ifjokj lfgr mudh
tula[;k 60 djksM+ vkdfyr dh xbZ gSA bl izdkj ls ns'k dh yxHkx 60 izfr’kr
tula[;k izR;{k o vizR;{k :i ls d`f"k o d`f"k ls lacaf/kr {ks=ksa ls gh jkstxkj izkIr
dj jgh gSA ,slh fLFkfr esa ns'k dh vFkZO;oLFkk esa d`f"k gsrq flapkbZ lk/kuksa dh i;kZIr
miyC/krk lqfuf'pr djuk vko';d gSA
fo'o ds çeq[k fodflr ns'kksa dks NksMd
+ j bl le; yxHkx lHkh ns'k tula[;k
o`f) dh leL;k ls tw> jgs gSaA vkt ls yxHkx rhu lkS lky igys i`Foh ij 51 djksM+
yksx FksA o"kZ 1804 ls 1927 rd tula[;k dks nks vjc rd igq¡pus esa 123 o"kZ yxs FksA
ysfdu 1999 esa fo'o tula[;k dks 5 ls 6 vjc rd igq¡pus esa ek= 12 o"kZ yxsA 11
tqykbZ 1987 dks fo'o dh tula[;k 5 vjc dks ikj dj xbZ FkhA 11 tqykbZ 1987 dks
fo'o esa 5 vjc osa f'k'kq dk tUe ;qxksLykfo;k esa gqvk blfy, bl fnu dks fo'o
tula[;k fnol ds :i esa eukrs gSA
vkSjS;k tuin mÙkj çns'k jkT; dk —f"k ç/kku {ks= gS tgk¡ dh tula[;k ds ,d
cM+s Hkw&Hkkx esa thfodksaiktZu dk ek/;e —f"k gh gSA lery Hkwfe] mitkÅ d‚i feêh]
Copyright © 2021, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies
 Da^. eghiky flag 16193
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ty ,oa ou tSls çk—frd lalk/kuksa ds lkFk&lkFk ekuoh; lalk/kuksa dh –f"V ls Hkh

lEiUu ;g ,d çeq[k —f"k {ks= ds :i esa çxfr dj jgk gS] ijUrq vkt Hkh {ks=h; Lrj
ij —f"k fodkl dh xfr lUrks"kçn ugha gSA {ks= esa flapkbZ dk vlarqfyr forj.k gksus
ds ifj.kke Lo:i vU; —f"k ykxr rRoksa ds leqfpr fofu;ksx dh leL;k cuh jgrh gSA
v/;;u {ks=
mÙkj çns'k
jkT; ds dkuiqj e.My
esa fLFkr vkSjS;k tuin
dk l`tu 17 flrEcj]
1997 dks gqvk FkkA
v/;;u {ks= dk
v{kka'kh; foLrkj
26022* mÙkjh v{kka'k ls
26057* mÙkjh v{kka'k
rFkk ns'kkUrjh; foLrkj
79013* iwohZ ns'kkUrj ls
79040* iwohZ ns'kkUrj ds
e/; rd gSA tuin ds
mÙkj esa dUukSt
tuin] if'pe esa
bVkok tuin] iwoZ esa
dkuiqj nsgkr tuin]
nf{k.k if'pe esa e/;
çns'k jkT; dk
Xokfy;j tuin gSA

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 Da^. eghiky flag 16194
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;equk unh tuin dh nf{k.k lhek cukrs gq, bls tkykSu tuin ls vyx djrh gSA
tuin dh leqæ ry ls vkSlr Å¡pkbZ 133 ehVj gSA
ç'kklfud –f"V ls tuin esa rhu rglhysa rFkk lkr fodkl[k.M gSaA tuin dk
dqy {ks=Qy 2015 oxZ fd-eh- gSA1
v/;;u {ks= vkSjS;k tuin dh o"kZ 2011 dh tux.kuk vuqlkj dqy tula[;k
1379545 gSA2 ftlesa 740040 iq:’k ,oa 639505 efgyk,a gaSA {ks= dk tula[;k ?kuRo
685 O;fä çfr oxZ fd-eh- gS3 {ks= esa dqy lk{kjrk nj 78-95 izfr”kr gSA4
HkkSfrd Lo:i
vkSjS;k tuin HkkSfrd Lo:i dh –f"V ls fo"kerkvksa okyk eSnkuh Hkkx gSA bl
{ks= dk <ky mÙkj&if'pe ls nf{k.k&iwoZ dh vksj gSA ;g eSnku vij Vjf'k;jh dky
,oa mlds ckn ds ;qx esa fgeky; ioZr ls fudyus okyh ufn;ksa }kjk yk;h x;h uwru
tyks<+ fefê;kssa ls cuk gSA bl eSnkuh Hkkx ds mÙkj esa fgeky; ioZr J`a[kyk vkSj nf{k.k
esa çk;}hih; iBkj fLFkr gSaA bl eSnkuh Hkkx dh Hkw&xfHkZd lajpuk dk fodkl iw.kZ :i
ls vkt Hkh Kkr ugha gS D;ksfa d bl eSnkuh Hkkx esa IyhLVkslhu dky ls ysdj vk/kqf ud
dky rd dh ufn;ksa }kjk tek fd;k gqvk uohu tyks<+ fu{ksi ik;k tkrk gSA bl {ks=
dk Hkw&xfHkZd lajpuk ds fo"k; esa dfua?ke] ,MoMZ Losl] lj flMuh cqjkZM] —".kuu~ rFkk
okfM;k us foLrkj ls vius fopkj O;fä fd;s gSaA
v/;;u {ks= xaxk&;equk nksvkc ds e/;rhZ Hkkx dk fgLlk gS tks iqjkru tyks<+
}kjk fufeZr gqvk FkkA lEiw.kZ tuin ,d lery Hkw&Hkkx ds rkSj ij dfri;
fofHkUurkvksa ds lkFk –f"Vkxkspj gksrk gSA v/;;u {ks= dk <ky mÙkj if'pe ls nf{k.k
iwoZ dh vksj gS tks ;equk unh ds <ky dk vuqlj.k djrk gSA v/;;u {ks= leqæ ry ls
yxHkx 150 ehVj Å¡pkbZ ij fo|eku gS] tks tuin ds mÙkj if'pe Hkkx esa feyrh gS
tcfd nf{k.k rFkk nf{k.k iwohZ Hkkx esa ;equk unh ds mÙkjh fdukjs ds ikl Å¡pkbZ
60&70 ehVj ik;h tkrh gSA vkSjS;k fodkl[k.M esa Å¡pkbZ dgha&dgha ij jsr dh Vhyksa

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 Da^. eghiky flag 16195
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ds dkj.k vfu;fer gSA ftlds dkj.k <ky o mldh fn'kk çokfgr gqbZ gSA v/;;u {ks=
vkSjS;k tuin dks eq[;r% nks Hkkxksa esa ck¡Vk x;k gS& ¼1½ ck¡xj Hkwfe] ¼2½ [kknj HkwfeA
viokg rU=
lkekU;r% viokg rU= dk vk'k; ty dh ek= ,oa cgko dh fn'kk ls gS] ysfdu
HkkSxksfyd –f"V ls ^viokg rU=* ds vUrxZr fofHkUu çdkj dh ty /kkjkvksa] o"kkZ _rq esa
fupys Hkw&Hkkxksa esa ty Hkj tkus okys xïs] iks[kj] rkykc] >hysa ,oa Hkw&xfHkZd ty vkfn
dks lfEefyr fd;k tkrk gSA
v/;;u {ks= dh çeq[k unh ;equk gSA ;equk unh tuin dh nf{k.k lhek cukrh
gSaA {ks= ds viokg rU= esa ;ksxnku nsus okyh vU; ufn;k¡ lsaxj] ik.M] vkjfUn vkfn
gSaA
fefê;k¡
v/;;u {ks= vkSjS;k tuin esa fofHkUu çdkj dh fefê;k¡ ikbZ tkrh gSaA nkseV
fefê;k¡ ;equk rFkk mldh lgk;d ufn;ksa ds dNkjh {ks=ksa esa feyrh gSA dNkj {ks= dh
fefê;ksa dh moZjk 'kfä ufn;ksa ds çokg ij vk/kkfjr gSA ;fn ekuwlu dky esa unh us
i;kZIr ek= esa d‚i ¼flYV vkfn½ lafpr dj nsrh gS rks og feêh xsgw¡] puk vkfn jch
Qlyksa ds mRiUu djus ds furkUr mi;qä fl) gksrh gS fdUrq ;fn unh us i;kZIr ek=
esa ckyw ;k jsr ,df=r dj fn;k rks og ml o"kZ —f"k ds fy, vuqi;qä jgrk gSA
nkseV feêh tuin ds ckaxj {ks= esa ikbZ tkrh gSA ckaxj ds fofHkUu {ks=ksa esa nkseV
feêh dk jax xgjk Hkwjk] ihyk] yky o cknkeh gksrk gSA bls feêh ds {ks= dk ty
fodkl lqO;oflFkr gSA
v/;;u {ks= ds dNkj ¼[kknj½ {ks= ds nf{k.k esa efV;kj nkseV feêh ikbZ tkrh
gSA ftldk jax gYdk Hkwjk gksrk gSA blesa fpduh feêh ¼efV;kj½ dk va'k nkseV dh
vis{kk vf/kd gksrk gSA /kku dh —f"k ds fy, ;g feêh vf/kd mi;qä gSA

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 Da^. eghiky flag 16196
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;equk unh ds ^mijgkj* {ks= esa ik;h tkus okyh feêh dks iM+ok dgrs gSaA bl
feêh dk jax cknkeh gksrk gS rFkk blesa eksVs d.kksa okyh yky jsr dk feJ.k gksrk gSA
bl çdkj dsoy eksVs vukt ¼Tokj] cktjk o nkysa½ dh —f"k dh tkrh gSA
tula[;k Lo:i
v/;;u {ks= çkphu dky ls gh l?ku tula[;k dk {ks= jgk gSA Lokra=;ksijkUr
{ks= dh 1951 dh tula[;k 970704 Fkh tksfd 1961 eas c<dj 1182202 gks x;hA bl
e/; tula[;k o`f) nj $21-78 izfr”kr jgh rFkk 1961&1971 ds e/; ;g o`f)nj
$22-45 izfr’kr jgh gSA v/;;u {ks= esa 1971 ls 1981 esa tula[;k o`f) nj _.kkRed
¼&44-72 izfr’kr½ jgh gSA bldk çeq[k dkj.k 1971 ls iwoZ bVkok o vkSjS;k tuin dh
tula[;k dk o.kZu gS rFkk 1971 ls 1981 ds n'kd o blds ckn dsoy vkSjS;k tuin
dh o`f) nj dks fn[kk;k x;k gSA 1981 ls 1991 ds n'kd esa vkSjS;k tuin dh
tula[;k o`f) nj $24-98 izfr’kr gSA bldk eq[; dkj.k tulqfo/kkvksa ,oa LokLF;
lqfo/kkvksa esa o`f) ls e`R;qnj ?kVuk rFkk tUenj dk fujUrj c<+uk jgk gS rFkk
1991&2001 ds e/; o`f)nj $17-99 izfr’kr jgh gSA {ks= esa 2001 ls 2011 esa tula[;k
o`f) nj esa deh ns[kus dks feyrh gSA bl n'kd esa tula[;k o`f) nj ?kVdj $16-29
izfr”kr jg xbZ5 ftldk eq[; dkj.k efgykvksa dk f'kf{kr gksuk çeq[k gSA
tula[;k ?kuRo
vkSjS;k tuin esa ;fn tula[;k ds ?kuRo dh rqyukRed O;k[;k djsa rks gekjs
ns'k ,oa çns'k ls ;g ?kuRo cgqr vf/kd gSA vkSjS;k tuin ds 2011 dh tux.kuk
vkadM+ksa ds vuqlkj ;gk¡ dk xf.krh; ?kuRo 685 O;fä çfr oxZ fd-eh- gS tcfd gekjs
ns'k Hkkjr dk 382 rFkk mÙkj çns'k dk tu?kuRo 828 O;fä çfroxZ fd-eh- gSA
lk{kjrk nj
vkSjS;k tuin esa çkjEHk ls gh lk{kjrk dh fLFkfr Bhd ugha jgh gSA vkSjS;k
tuin esa 1981 dh tux.kuk ds vuqlkj 37-29 izfr”kr dqy lk{kjrk Fkh ftlesa 48-60
izfr”kr iq#"k lk{kjrk rFkk 23-50 izfr’kr L=h lk{kjrk Fkh rFkk 2001 esa vkSjS;k tuin

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dh lk{kjrk c<+dj 70-50 izfr’kr gks x;hA ftlesa iq#"k lk{kjrk 80-14 izfr’kr rFkk
L=h lk{kjrk 59-13 izfr’kr gSA tux.kuk 2011 ds vuqlkj {ks= dh dqy lk{kjrk nj
78-95 izfr’kr gSA ftleas iq:’k lk{kjrk nj 86-11 izfr’kr o L=h lk{kjrk nj 70-16
izfr’kr gSA vr% vkSjS;k tuin esa L=h lk{kjrk dh fLFkfr cgqr gh n;uh; gSA
orZeku Hkwfe mi;ksx
v/;;u {ks= tSlk fd fofnr gh gS ,d —f"k ç/kku {ks= gSA —f"k ç/kku
vFkZO;oLFkk esa Hkwfe mi;ksx dk v/;;u egRoiw.kZ gSA vkSjS;k tuin {ks= esa dqy Hkwfe dk
69-83 izfr’kr Hkkx 'kq) cks;k x;k {ks= gSA blds vfrfjä 10-93 izfr’kr v—f"kr
dk;ksaZ] 4-98 izfr’kr ij ou] 7-78 izfr”kr ijrh Hkwfe] Ålj ,oa —f"k ds v;ksX; Hkwfe
gSA 'ks"k Hkwfe esa m|ku] pkjkxkg vkSj —f"k ;ksX; catj Hkwfe lfEefyr gSA v/;;u {ks= ds
mi;qZä Hkwfe mi;ksx esa rglhy ,oa fodkl[k.M Lrj ij vusdkusd fofHkUurk;sa fo|eku
gSaA
rkfydk la[;k& 1
vkSjS;k tuin Hkwfe mi;ksx ¼2017&18½
Ø-la- {ks= {ks=Qy {ks=Qy
¼gs- esa½ ¼çfr'kr es½a
1& dqy çfrosfnr {ks= 206126 100
2& ou 10275 04-98
3& —‘; csdkj Hkwfe 4496 02-18
4& orZeku ijrh 5854 02-84
5& vU; ijrh 10200 04-94
6& Ålj ,oa —f"k ds v;ksX; Hkwfe 6540 03-17
7& —f"k ds vfrfjä vU; mi;ksx dh Hkwfe 22530 10-93
8& pkjkxkg 1315 0-63
9& m|ku] o`{k ,oa >kfM+;k¡ 977 0-47
10& 'kq) cks;k x;k {ks= 143939 69-83
lzksr& lkaf[;dh; if=dk tuin vkSjS;k] 2019] rkfydk&17
Copyright © 2021, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies
 Da^. eghiky flag 16198
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Hkwfe mi;ksx ifjorZu

v/;;u {ks= gh ugha vfirq lEiw.kZ ns'k esa Lora=rk ls iwoZ —f"k dh n'kk;sa vR;Ur
fu—"V FkhaA Hkkjrh; —f"k dks ekulwu dk tqvk dgk tkrk FkkA —f"k tksrksa dk vkdkj
y?kq ,oa çdh.kZ FkkA uohu —f"k ;a=sa dh u rks tkudkjh Fkh u gh T;knk vkfo"dkj gq,
Fks vkSj tks dqN Fks Hkh rks mUgsa [kjhn ikuk vke —"kd ds cwrs dh ckr ugha FkhA mÙke
chtksa vkSj jklk;fud moZjdksa dk mi;ksx u rks fdlku gh djrk Fkk] u gh mls ;s
i;kZIr ek= esa miyC/k FksA —"kd vkSj —f"k etnwj nksuksa gh vHkko dh ftUnxh thrs FksA
bl le; ns'k vkSj çns'k dh 70 izfr’kr ls vf/kd tula[;k çR;{k vkSj ijks{k :i ls
—";k/kkfjr Fkh ijUrq —f"k ls mRiknu vR;f/kd de FkkA yksx vR;f/kd xjhc Fks vkSj
mudh Ø; 'kfä vR;f/kd de FkhA bl ?kksj xjhch ds dkj.k u rks vf/kd iw¡th
fofu;ksx gks ikrk Fkk vkSj u gh vf/kd cprA yksxksa dh Ø; 'kfä de gksus ds dkj.k
cktkj ds vHkko esa m|ksxksa dh çxfr ugha gks ikbZ gSA bl lcds QyLo:i —f"k {ks=ksa esa
uohu rduhdks]a jklk;fud moZjdks]a dhVuk'kdksa vkfn dk vf/kd mi;ksx ugha gks ikrk
FkkA
mi;qZä dkj.kksa ls gekjs ns'k esa —f"k fodkl gekjh etcwjh gh ugha vfirq
vko';drk Hkh FkhA vr% ns'k esa —f"k rduhdksa ,oa —f"k çfr:iksa esa ifjorZu ,oa lq/kkj
vko';d le>k x;kA Lokra=;ksijkUr fofHkUu iapo"khZ; ;kstukvksa esa —f"k dks çkFkfedrk
nsdj mi;qZä mís';ksa dh iwfrZ dh x;h] gekjs ns'k esa ;kstukdkjksa ,oa —f"k oSKkfudksa us
Hkh ;g Lohdkjk gS fd ns'k esa i;kZIr ek= esa —f"k fodkl fd;s fcuk vkS|ksfxd fodkl
lEHko gh ugha gSA vr% ;kstuk vk;ksx us —f"k rFkk lkeqnkf;d fodkl ,oa flapu
lqfo/kkvksa ds fodkl dks ojh;rk çnku dh gSA {ks= esa uohu —f"k i)fr;ksa dks fofHkUu
ek/;eksa ls çpkfjr ,oa çlkfjr fd;k x;k gS ftlls —f"k mRiknu] c<+s vkSj ns'k
vkRe&fuHkZj gksA bu i)fr;ksa esa Hkyh&Hkkafr xgu —f"k] i;kZIr ,oa le;kuqlkj moZjdksa
dk mi;ksx] feêh dks çk—frd ukbZVªkstu çnku djus gsrq gjh [kkn okyh Qlyksa dk
p;u] vR;f/kd mRiknu gsrq chtksa dh uohure ,oa la'kksf/kr fdLeksa dk p;u]

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 Da^. eghiky flag 16199
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le;kuqdwy i;kZIr flapkbZ rFkk Qly dks {kfr igqapkus okys dhM+&
s edksM+ksa rFkk jksxksa ls
lqjf{kr j[kuk lfEefyr gSaA catj ,oa —f"k v;ksX; Hkwfe dk m)kj djds mls —f"k ;ksX;
cukuk] flapkbZ lqfo/kkvksa dk fodkl] ck<+ çHkkfor Hkwfe ij i;kZIr ty fudklh ç.kkyh
dk fodkl djuk] ,d Qlyh Hkwfe dks cgqQlyh Hkwfe cukuk] mR—"V chtks]a jlk;uksa
,oa ;a=sa dk ç;ksx djuk] dhVuk'kdksa dk ç;ksx djuk] ;krk;kr lqfo/kkvksa dk fodkl
djuk vkfn bl fn'kk esa fd;s x;s çeq[k ç;kl gSaA
rkfydk la[;k& 2
vkSjS;k tuin Hkwfe mi;ksx eas ifjorZu ¼gsDVs;j es½a

Ø-la- {ks= 2008&09 2017&18

1& dqy çfrosfnr {ks= 206126 206126
2& ou 4321 10275
3& —’; csdkj Hkwfe 6942 4496
4& orZeku ijrh 11119 5854
5& vU; ijrh 7351 10200
6& Ålj ,oa —f"k ds v;ksX; Hkwfe 8590 6540
7& —f"k ds vfrfjä vU; mi;ksx dh Hkwfe 20173 22530
8& pkjkxkg 1292 1315
9& m|ku] o`{k ,oa >kfM+;k¡ 1680 977
10& 'kq) cks;k x;k {ks= 144658 143939

lzksr& lkaf[;dh; if=dk tuin vkSjS;k] 2010 o 2019] rkfydk&17

Copyright © 2021, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies

 Da^. eghiky flag 16200
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Qly çfr:i esa ifjorZu

lHkh çdkj ds —"kh; ç;klksa dk y{; Qlysa gSa vkSj ekuo thou Qlyksa ij gh
fuHkZj gS v/;;u {ks= esa [ksfrgj vkSj —"kdksa dk {ks= gS tks fd fof'k"V
lkekftd&vkfFkZd lajpuk dk fuekZ.k djrs gSaA vU; lHkh O;olk;ksa dh vis{kk —f"k ;gk¡
ds fuokfl;ksa ds dY;k.k gsrq vf/kd ekSfyd ,oa vk/kkjHkwr gSaA —f"k HkkSfrd ,oa ekuoh;
fu;a=.kksa ds chp vuZ~rfØ;k dk çfrQy gSA —"kh; y{k.k o`gn Lrj ij ekSfyd fu;a=.k
}kjk fu;af=r gksrs gSa vkSj rRi'pkr~ lkekftd vkfFkZd vkSj rduhdh laxBukRed
:ikUrj }kjk la'kksf/kr gksrs gSaA
v/;;u {ks= dh Qlyksa ds v/;;u ls ;g ckr Li"V gksrh gS fd ;gk¡ ds Qly
çfr:i esa dkQh fofo/krk feyrh gS tks fd HkkSfrd vkSj ekuoh; fu;a=.kksa dh vUrfØ;k
dk ifj.kke gSA vr% ;gk¡ mRiUu gksus okyh Qlyksa dk lw{e foospu vko';d gSA
vkSjS;k tuin esa ;|fi Qlyksa esa fofo/krk ik;h tkrh gS ijUrq fQj Hkh ;gk¡ ij 87» ls
vf/kd —f"kr Hkwfe ij dsoy [kk|kUu cks;s tkrs gSaA vkS|ksfxd ,oa O;kikfjd Qlyksa dk
{ks=Qy vR;f/kd de gSA v/;;u {ks= esa fofHkUu Qlyksa ds {ks=Qy fodkl dks
vxzfyf[kr lkfj.kh }kjk çnf'kZr fd;k x;k gS&
rkfydk la[;k&3
vkSjS;k tuin% çeq[k Qlyksa dk {ks=Qy esa ifjorZu ¼gsDVs;j es½a
Ø&la& Qly dk uke 2008&09 2017&18
1& pkoy 49904 56935
2& xsgw¡ 101183 109121
3& tkS 2385 2063
4& cktjk 33086 32974
5& eDdk 8955 7330
6& dqy nkysa 12594 10946
7& dqy [kk|kUu 209318 220221
12& dqy frygu 16739 14025
13& xUuk 758 585
14& vkyw 4205 5777
lzksr% lkaf[;dh; if=dk vkSjS;k tuin] 2010 ,oa 2019 rkfydk& 19

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 Da^. eghiky flag 16201
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foosP; {ks= dk Qly Øekuqlkj v/;;u ls mi;Zä dFku dh iqf"V gksrh gS

v/;;u {ks= esa Qly çfr:i esa dkQh fofo/krk feyrh gS] tks fd HkkSfrd vkSj ekuoh;
fu;a=.k dh vuZ~rfØ;k dk ifj.kke gSa
vkSjS;k tuin esa 'kL; çfr:i esa vR;f/kd fofo/krk n'kZuh; gSA dqy —f"kr Hkwfe
dk 85 izfr”kr Hkkx [kk|kUu Qlyksa ds vUrxZr vkrk gSA ftlesa xsgw¡] pkoy vkfn
çeq[k Qlysa gSaA blds vfrfjä tkS] cktjk] eDdk] nygu] frygu] vkyw] xUuk Qlysa
Hkh {ks=h; vko';drkvksa rFkk O;kikfjd –f"Vdks.k ls cks;h tkrh gSA
—f"k dk;Z ds fy, Hkwfe ds lkFk&lkFk ty Hkh vko';d gSA ;g ty —f"k dks nks
lk/kuksa ls çkIr gksrs gSa& çk—frd vkSj —f=eA ty&flapu dk çk—frd lk/ku o"kkZ gS
vkSj ty flapu dk —f=e lk/ku ^flapkbZ* gSA Hkkjr dh HkkSxksfyd ifjfLFkfr rFkk o"kkZ
dh ek= bl çdkj dh gS fd lQyrkiwoZd —f"k dk;Z pykus ds fy, flapkbZ ds —f=e
lk/kuksa dks tqVkuk vko';d gSA Hkkjr esa vfr çkphudky ls flapkbZ ds d`f=e lk/kuksa
dk ç;ksx gksrk vk jgk gSA
1950 ls iwoZ v/;;u {ks= esa dwi gh flapkbZ dk çeq[k lk/ku FkkA dqy flafpr
{ks= dk nks frgkbZ Hkkx bUgha] dwiksa }kjk lhapk tkrk FkkA bu dwiksa esa ^<sadqyh*] ^ce*]
^iDds dwi* çeq[k FksA ^<sd
a qyh* vkSj ^ce* flapkbZ ds çeq[k lk/ku FksA cM+s rFkk e/;e —
"kd] ce dqvksa dk vf/kd ç;ksx djrs FksA bl çdkj ds dqvksa dk fuekZ.k tehu dks
dkQh xgjkbZ rd [kksndj fd;k tkrk FkkA bu dqvksa ds vUnj ?kkl&Qwl
a ] ifÙk;ksa rFkk
jfLl;ksa dks Mkydj feêh ds dVko dks jksdk tkrk FkkA chp esa ikuh Hkjk jgrk FkkA
bl ikuh dks peM+s ds cus cM+s crZu ^pjlk* }kjk ckgj fudkyk tkrk FkkA bl pjls
dks jLlh] cSy dk ç;ksx djds lha[kus ds dke esa yk;k tkrk FkkA yxHkx vk/kk ch?kk
rd çfrfnu flapkbZ dh tk ldrh FkhA xkaxu unh ds {ks= esa bl çdkj ds ^ce dqvk¡*
vf/kd çpfyr FksA blh çdkj ls fufeZr ^<sd
a qyh* }kjk lhekUr —"kd rFkk ckxoku
flapkbZ dk dk;Z djrs FksA NksVs dPps dq,a ij ydM+h dk yëk xkM+dj nwljs yës esa
jLlh ,oa yksgs dk NksVk ^Mksy& ck¡/kdj uhps ls ikuh fudkyk tkrk FkkA bl dk;Z esa

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,d O;fä ikuh fudkyus dk dk;Z djrk Fkk ijUrq bl çdkj dh ^<sadqyh* }kjk dqN gh
{ks= lhapk tk ldrk gSA v/;;u {ks= ds dqN xk¡oksa esa vkt Hkh bl çdkj dh ^<sa dqyh*
ns[kh tk ldrh gS ijUrq ^<sadqyh* vkSj ^ce dqvksa* }kjk ,d ;k nks o"kZ rd gh dk;Z
fy;k tk ldrk Fkk D;ksfa d o"kkZ _rq esa ;s çk;% u"V gks tkrs FksA
le; ifjorZu ds lkFk&lkFk flapkbZ ds ijEijkxr lk/kuksa ds LFkku ij vk/kqfud
lk/kuksa ds ç;ksx] —"kdksa ds —f"k fodkl ds çfr mRiUu gqbZ vfHk:fp] cSadksa rFkk
lgdkjh foÙkh; laLFkkvksa }kjk flapkbZ lk/kuksa ds fodkl gsrq _.k lqfo/kk tSls ljdkjh
çksRlkgu tSls vusd dkj.kksa ds ifj.kkeLo:i Lora=rk çkfIr ds i'pkr~ v/;;u {ks= esa
flafpr {ks= dk i;kZIr fodkl gqvk gSA lu~ 2008&09 esa v/;;u {ks= 123961 gsDVs;j
Hkkx vFkkZr 85-69 izfr”kr Hkkx flafpr FkkA lu~ 2017&18 esa flafpr {ks= c<+dj
129400 gsDVs;j vFkkZr 89-89 izfr”kr gks x;kA
v/;;u {ks= ,d lery eSnkuh {ks= ftlesa flapkbZ dh i;kZIr lqfo/kk,a fo|eku
gSaA {ks= dk yxHkx 90 izfr”kr Hkkx flafpr gSA flapu lqfo/kkvksa esa eq[;r% ugjs]a
uydwi futh ,oa ljdkjh rFkk iafEix lSV~l lfEefyr gSaA —f"k fodkl dks c<+kus ds
fy, flafpu lqfo/kkvksa esa çxfr vko';d gSA v/;;u {ks= esa 2017&18 esa dqy ugjksa dh
yEckbZ 826 fd-eh-] jktdh; uydwi 307] futh uydwi 38029 ftleas 20 fo|qr pfyr
o 38009 Mhty pkfyr gSaA {ks= esa xgjs uydwiksa dh la[;k 380 o e/;e uydwi 421
gSaA flapkbZ lk/kuksa ds Lo:i vkSj flapu lqfo/kkvksa ds ifjorZu ds lkFk&lkFk {ks= esa
mRiUu dh tkus okyh Qlyksa ds flafpr {ks= es Hkh O;kid ifjorZu gq, gSaA flapkbZ
lk/kuksa ls fofHkUu Qlyksa dh o"kkZ ij fuHkZjrk de gqbZ gSA ftlds dkj.k flapkbZ vko`fÙk
esa Hkh o`f) gqbZ gSA
v/;;u {ks= ,d l?ku tula[;k okyk {ks= gSA tuin esa tula[;k ncko dh
fLFkfr dk vkadyu djus ij tula[;k o`f) dk dkj.k {ks= esa —f"k m|ksxksa dk fujUrj
fodkl] ifjogu O;oLFkk esa lq/kkj] nSfud lqfo/kkvksa esa o`f)] LokLF; lqfo/kkvksa esa lq/kkj
vkfn dks mÙkjnk;h ekuk tk ldrk gSA vkSjS;k tuin ,d —f"k ç/kku tuin gSA {ks=

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esa xzkeh.k ,oa uxjh; {ks=as esa m|ksxksa rFkk vkfFkZd fØ;kvksa dk vf/kd fodkl ugha gks
ik;k gSA vr% {ks= esa —f"k ij tula[;k dk ncko fujUrj c<+rk tk jgk gSA
vkSjS;k tuin esa tula[;k o`f) o —f"k fodkl ls {ks= esa vusdkusd leL;k;sa
iSnk gqbZ gSaA ftuesa i;kZoj.k leL;k;sa çeq[k gSaA v/;;u {ks= esa —f"k Hkwfe rFkk ty
lalk/ku mi;ksx ds c<+rs mi;ksx ,oa tula[;k dk ncko fujUrj c<+k gSA ftlls u
dsoy ekuo ds le{k mnjiw.kZ dh leL;k c<+h gS oju~ Hkwfe mi;ksx esa —f"k l?kurk ds
dkj.k ouksa ds fouk'k] nks Qlyh {ks= esa o`f)] flapkbZ dh lqfo/kkvksa esa o`f)] ijrh Hkwfe
ds fouk'k ls ty Lrj esa fxjkoV] ty çnw"k.k esa o`f)] Hkwfe dh çk—frd moZjrk esa
deh ,oa moZjdksa ds fujUrj mi;ksx ls fo"kkä gksrs ty ,oa feêh ds lzksr çk—frd
ty lzksrksa dk çnwf"kr gksuk vkfn çeq[k i;kZoj.kh; ,oa {ks=h; leL;k;sa gSaA ;fn le;
jgrs bu leL;kvksa dk fujkdj.k ugha fd;k x;k rks v/;;u {ks= esa —f"k dk fodkl rks
vo#) gksxk
lUnHkZ
lkaf[;dh; if=dk] tuin vkSjS;k] 2019] rkfydk&17&
&&&&&&&rnSo&&&&&&&] rkfydk&2¼v½
lkaf[;dh; if=dk] tuin vkSjS;k] 2019] rkfydk&2¼v½
Hkkjrh; tux.kuk 2011A
lkaf[;dh; if=dk] tuin vkSjS;k] 2019] rkfydk&7 ls ladfyrA
iky] T;ksfr% vkSjS;k tuin esa flapkbZ dh lqfo/kk o —f"k fodkl dk HkkSxskfyd v/;;u] &,d
vçdkf'kr 'kks/k xzUFk] ,e&ts&ih&#gsy[k.M] fo'ofo|ky;] cjsyh] 2014&
lkaf[;dh; if=dk] tuin vkSjS;k] 2019] rkfydk&18A

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