Scholarly Research Journal for Humanity Science & English Language,

Online ISSN 2348-3083, SJ IMPACT FACTOR 2021: 7.278, www.srjis.com

PEER REVIEWED & REFEREED JOURNAL, OCT-NOV, 2021, VOL-9/48

lks'ky ehfM;k % Lora=rk cuke LoPNUnrk

jke;K ekS;Z1] Ph. D. & fufru dqekj2

1,lksfl,V izksQslj
2”kks/kkFkhZ fganh foHkkx] esjB dkWyst] esjB ¼m0iz0½

Paper Received On: 25 NOV 2021

Peer Reviewed On: 30 NOV 2021
Published On: 1 DEC 2021

Scholarly Research Journal's is licensed Based on a work at www.srjis.com

lks'ky ehfM;k vkt ,d cMk lkekftd eap gS tgk¡ gj dksbZ O;fDr viuh Hkkoukvksa dks O;Dr djus ds
fy;s Lora= gS vkSj fo”ks’k ;g fd fcuk fdlh fu;a=.k vkSj gLr{ksi dsA lks'ky ehfM;k ij fy[kuk vfHkO;fDr dh
Lora=rk tSls egRoiw.kZ vf/kdkj ls tqM+ x;k gSA lks'ky ehfM;k us izR;sd O;fDr dks vfHkO;fDr dh Lora=rk iznku
dh gS ysfdu Hkkjrh; lafo/kku esa ;g Lora=rk ns'k ds izR;sd ukxfjd dks iwoZ esa gh izkIr gSA fdarq blls igys
vfHkO;fDr ds i;kZIr eap vkSj lqyHk lk/ku ugha Fks] i;kZIr volj u feyus rFkk tkudkjh ds vHkko ds dkj.k
vke vkneh viuh vkokt ;k rks mBk ugha ikrk Fkk ;k mls nck fn;k tkrk FkkA vke rkSj ij lekpkj&i=]
if=dkvksa rFkk ehfM;k ds ijEijkxr lk/kuksa ls ;s vkokt mBkbZ tkrh Fkh ftudh viuh dqN lhek,¡ vkSj ikcafn;k¡
Fkha ysfdu vkt dh fodflr rduhd rFkk lks'ky ehfM;k us bls vklku ,oa loZlqyHk cuk fn;kA
Lora=rk ds fo"k; esa ckcwjko fo".kq ijkMdj dh bl lEikndh; fVIi.kh ij fopkj fd;k tk ldrk gS tks
mUgksaus 5 flracj] lu~ 1920 bZ0 ds ^vkt* lekpkj&i= ds fy, fy[kh Fkh] Þgekjk mís'; vius ns'k ds fy,
loZizdkj ls Lokra«; miktZu gSA ge gj ckr eas Lora= gksuk pkgrs gSaA gekjk y{; gS fd ge vius ns'k ds xkSjo
dks c<+kos] vius ns'kokfl;ksa esa LokfHkeku&lapkj djsa] mudks ,slk cukos fd Hkkjrh; gksus dk mUgsa vfHkeku gks]
ladksp u gksA ;g vfHkeku Lora=rk nsoh dh mikluk djus ls feyrk gSA1
xk¡/kh th dk ekuuk Fkk fd Þi=dkfjrk dk lgh dk;Z yksdekul dks f'kf{kr djuk gS mls okafNr&vokafNr
fopkjksa ls Hkjuk ugha gSA2
rduhdfon~ ckysUnq 'kekZ nk/khp] Þlks'ky ehfM;k ds lanHkZ esa vfHkO;fDr dh vktknh dk rdZ nsrs le; dbZ vge
igyqvksa ij fopkj djuk t+:jh gSA ;g fizaV ehfM;k ;k bysDVªkWfud ehfM;k tSlk ek/;e ugha gS tgk¡ laikndh;
fu;a=.kksa] uSfrdrkvksa] vkRekuq'kklu vkSj vkRefoosd tSlh phtksa ds lkFk&lkFk dkjksckjh Lrj ij Hkh dqN lhek,¡
ekStwn gSaA ns'k dk dkuwu rks ml ij ykxw gksrk gh gSA bl fdLe ds ijks{k fu;a=.k ;k vkpj.k vk/kkfjr lhek,¡
Copyright © 2021, Scholarly Research Journal for Humanity Science & English Language
 MkW0 jke;K ekS;Z & fufru dqekj 11903
(Pg. 11902-11906)

ikjaifjd ehfM;k dks ftEesnkj cukrh gSaA yxHkx gj ehfM;k laLFkku ds Hkhrj ekStwn vkrafjd O;oLFkk mls dkQh gn
rd vQokgksa ij vk/kkfjr] oSeuL; QSykus okys] v'yhy] vuSfrd] Ñf=e vkSj nqHkkZoukiw.kZ dUVsUV ds izdk'ku ls
eqDr dj nsrh gSA U;w ehfM;k vkSj lks'ky ehfM;k dh fLFkfr blls vyx gSA3
lks'ky ehfM;k ds mi;ksx] nq:i;ksx] vkpj.k] vf/kdkjksa vkSj nkf;Roksa dk eqík vHkh rd vulqy>k gSA
lks”ky ehfM;k us baVjusV dh eqDr izÑfr dk ykHk rks mBk;k gS fdarq mlds QyLo:i ftl izdkj dk nkf;Ro cks/k
gksuk pkfg, mldk vHkh rd vHkko gSaA vkt dh ;qok ih<+h lgh vkSj xyr dk foHksn fd;s cxSj lks'ky ehfM;k ij
v'kksHkuh; fopkjksa dks Hkh izdV dj jgh gS ftl ij if'pe dk va/kkuqdj.k Li"V fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA yksx viuh
vfHkO;fDr dks lqfo/kkuqlkj xyr <ax ls is'k djus ls Hkh ihNs ugha gV jgs gSaA euq"; ,d lkekftd izk.kh gS]
ftldh vfHkO;fDr dh bPNk,¡ dHkh 'kkar ugha gksrhA og vius eu dh ckr viuksa ds lkFk lk>k djuk pkgrk gS
vkSj nwljksa ds fo"k; esa Hkh tkuuk pkgrk gSA txnh'oj prqosZnh fy[krs gSa fd] Qslcqd oLrqr% vfHkO;fDr dk
QkLVQwM gSA4
oSls rks lapkj dh dksbZ lhek ugha gksrh gS] fdarq ehfM;k esa laizsf"kr fd;s x;s 'kCnksa] Hkkoksa&fopkjksa dh viuh
e;kZnk gksrh gSA ftlds mfpr iz;ksx ls lks'ky ehfM;k iz;ksDrk lekt esa viuh ,d vkn'kZ Nfo cuk ldrk gS] nwljs
og vuqfpr 'kCn iz;ksx ls lekt esa vkykspukvksa dk ik= Hkh cu ldrk gS ftls ehfM;k dh Hkk’kk esa vktdy VªkWy
gksuk dgk tkrk gSaA D;ksafd ge tks Hkh fy[krs gSa oks lkjh nqfu;k ds le{k gksrk gSA lks'ky ehfM;k ij vfHkO;fDr dh
Lora=rk ds uke ij lekt esa mUekn] fgalk] /kekZa/krk] v'yhy lkexzh ijkslus okys yksxksa ij rRdky izfrca/k yxkus
dh izfØ;k 'kq: gksuh pkfg, D;ksafd Hkkjr gh ugha cfYd oSf'od iVy ij yksx vkt Hkh vius /keZ vkSj laLÑfr
vkSj lH;rk ds izfr laosnu'khy gSA bldk izek.k vk;s fnu gesa lks'ky ehfM;k ij fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA yksx v/keZ ,oa
v'yhyrk QSykus okyksa ds f[kykQ lks'ky ehfM;k ij viuh HkM+kl fudkyrs gSa vkSj rRdky viuh izfrfØ;k nsdj
mudk cfg"dkj djrs gSa lkFk&gh mUgsa viuh fe= lwph ls Hkh gVk nsrs gSaA bldk izek.k Ýkal esa Nius okyh 'kkyhZ
,csnks if=dk ds eq[;ky; ij vkradh geyk dk gksuk gSA if=dk ds laiknd ij /keZ laca/kh Hkkoukvksa dks HkM+dkus dk
vkjksi FkkA
viuh iqLrd ÞfMftVy dSihVfyTe Qslcqd laLÑfr vkSj ekuokf/kdkjß esa ÞQslcqd vkSj vfHkO;fDr dh y{e.k
js[kkß 'kh"kZd esa txnh'oj prqosZnh fy[krs gSa fd ÞQslcqd ij ve;kZfnr] xkyh&xykSt] ilZuy desaV~l ¼NhaVkd'kh½
vkfn dks rqjar gVk nsa] lkFk gh] lkoZtfud rkSj ij lko/kku djsaA u ekus rks CykWd dj nsaAß5
lks'ky ehfM;k ij uSfrdrk dks njfdukj djrs gq;s vuSfrd ,oa vuqfpr lkexzh dks laizsf"kr djuk iz;ksDrk
dh ekufld fLFkfr dks Hkh n'kkZrk gSA lks'ky ehfM;k us vfHkO;fDr dh vktknh dk Lo:i cny fn;k gSA iwoZ dh
Hkk¡fr ehfM;k esa fu;a=.k vkSj 'krsZa vc ugha jghA D;ksafd ;gk¡ iz;ksDrk Lo;a gh vius fopkjksa] Hkkoksa vkSj izfrfØ;kvksa
dk ys[kd vkSj laiknd gSA vfHkO;fDr dh bl vktknh ls dbZ ckj jktuhfrd ra= dh pwysa fgyrh fn[kkbZ iM+rh gSaA

Copyright © 2021, Scholarly Research Journal for Humanity Science & English Language
 MkW0 jke;K ekS;Z & fufru dqekj 11904
(Pg. 11902-11906)

vizSy] o’kZ 2011 esa tuyksdiky fo/ks;d ds fy;s lektlsoh vUuk gtkjs o buds lg;ksfx;ksa }kjk fd,s x;s
tuvkanksyu esa lks”ky ehfM;k dh Hkwfedk bldh “kfDr dks n”kkZrh gSaA
fu;a=.k dh lhek ls ckgj gksus ds dkj.k lks'ky ehfM;k ij vuqfpr lkexzh] xyr /kkj.kkvksa dk izlkj
ljyrk ls fd;k tk ldrk gS tks fdlh Hkh jk"Vª dh ,drk vkSj v[kaMrk ds fy;s [krjk lkfcr gks ldrk gSA blh
dkj.k lks'ky ehfM;k ij fu;a=.k vkSj gLr{ksi vkSj fuxjkuh tSlh ckrsa lkeus vkus yxh gSaA ysfdu orZeku ek/;eksa
esa lks'ky ehfM;k vfHkO;fDr dh vktknh dk lcls l'kDr ek/;e gS] blfy, dbZ fo}kuksa dk ;g er gS fd vxj
lks'ky ehfM;k dks fu;af=r ;k ckf/kr fd;k x;k rks ;g vfHkO;fDr dh vktknh tSls ewy vf/kdkj ,oa yksdra= dh
gR;k ds leku gksxkA LoPNan ehfM;k ds i{k/kjksa dk ekuuk gS fd pkgs bl ek/;e ls dksbZ Hkh fooknkLin lkexzh
lkoZtfud dh tk ldrh gks] fdarq blls vke yksx Hkh jktusrkvksa o ljdkj dh okLrfodrkvksa ls ifjfpr gks ldrs
gSaA lkFk gh lekt esa ?kVus okyh izeq[k ?kVukvksa dh lPpkbZ dks Hkh fcuk fdlh O;o/kku ds tku ldrs gSaA ysfdu
Lej.k jgs fd baVjusV tfur fMftVy lkexzh dh izekf.kdrk 'kr&izfr'kr lR; ugha gksrh gSaA
foHkwfr ukjk;.k jk; vfHkO;fDr dh Lora=rk ij vius fopkj izdV djrs gq, dgrs gSa fd ÞbaVjusV us
jkT;ksa dh cafn”kksa dks rksM fn;k gS A vfHkO;fDr dh Lora=rk esa ;g tks foLQksV gqvk gS] og baVjusV ls gh laHko gks
ldk gS A ge bl ckr ij cgl dj lds fd bl ek/;e us gesa [kkl rjg dh LoPNanrk rks ugha ns nh gS A viuh
vfHkO;fDr dh Lora=rk esa dgha ge ;g rks ugha Hkwy jgs fd ge lkjh lhek,¡ rksM+ jgs gSa vkSj nwljksa dh Hkkoukvksa
dks Bsl ig¡pk jgsa gSa A dgha ge rF;ksa dks rksM+&ejksM+ dj rks is”k ugha dj jgs gSa A gesa ,slk yxrk gS fd gj
CykWxj dks viuh y{e.k&js[kk [kqn cukuh gksxh Aß6
bl fo"k; ij txnh'oj prqosZnh dk ekuuk gS fd] dE;qfuds'ku dh dksbZ gn ;k lhek ugha gksrhA vxj
yksx ;s dgsaxs dh dE;qfuds'ku dh Hkh gn gksrh gS rks bldk eryc ;s gksxk fd vki dE;qfuds'ku dks lhfer djuk
pkgrs gSaA
dqN o"kZ ljdkj }kjk ehfM;k ij gLr{ksi djus dh ckr lkeus vkbZ FkhA ftlesa ljdkj us ;g vkns'k
tkjh fd;k Fkk fd iz;ksDrkvksa dks vius lHkh lans'kksa dks rhu ekg rd lqjf{kr j[kuk gksxkA fdarq yksxksa ds izfrjks/k ds
rqjar ckn ljdkj dks viuk ;g vkns'k tYn gh okil ysuk iM+k gSA lks'ky ehfM;k ij fu;a=.k ds i{k esa yksxksa dk
,d cgqr cM+k rcdk fo|eku gSA mudk ;g rdZ gS fd ;fn lks'ky ehfM;k ij yxke ugha yxk;h xbZ rks bl ij
izlkfjr gksus okyh vfu;af=r lkexzh ls jk"Vªh; ,drk o v[kaMrk ij ges'kk [krjk cuk jgsxkA ;gk¡ dksbZ Hkh O;fDr
vius i{k dh fdlh Hkh oLrq vFkok rF; dks izlkfjr dj nsrk gS ftlls vU; oxksZa ds yksxksa dh Hkkoukvksa dks Bsl
igq¡p ldrh gS] tksfd jk"Vª ds le{k ,d cgqr cM+s ladV ds :i esa lkeus vkrh gSA izk;% ns[kk tkrk gS fd ;qok
bu lk/kuksa dk lnqi;ksx djus ds ctk, nq:i;ksx vf/kd djrs gSaA bu rF;ksa ds vk/kkj ij lks'ky ehfM;k ij
fu;a=.k dh ek¡x djus okys yksxksa dk i{k Hkh lgh izrhr gksrk gSA fdarq lks'ky ehfM;k ds ldkjkRed igyqvksa dks
/;ku esa j[krs gq, mudh bl ek¡x ds vk/kkj ij lks'ky ehfM;k ij vadq'k yxkuk bl leL;k dk lek/kku izrhr
Copyright © 2021, Scholarly Research Journal for Humanity Science & English Language
 MkW0 jke;K ekS;Z & fufru dqekj 11905
(Pg. 11902-11906)

ugha gksrk gSA vfirq bl izkS|ksfxdh ds lnqi;ksx ds fy, ldkjkRed mi;ksx djus dh vko';drk gS u fd
vfHkO;fDr dh Lora=rk dh ek¡x ds vk/kkj ij bldk udkjkRed :i izLrqr djuk gSA
vDlj ;g ns[kus dks feyrk gS fd dqN yksx lLrh yksdfiz;rk ikus ds fy, baVjusV ij ?kfV;k fdLe dh
?kks’k.kk,¡ djrs gSa vkSj viuh vfHkO;fDr dks ;su&dsu izdkjs.k izfl) djkuk pkgrs gSa A ,slh ekufld lksp j[kus
okys O;fDr ds eu&efLr’d esa fdlh Hkh izdkj dh izflf) izkIr djus dk Hkwr lokj gksrk gS A fdzdsV ds fo”odi
esa ,d vfHkus=h us Hkkjrh; Vhe dh fot; gksus dh “krZ ij dqN ,slh gh ?kks’k.kk dh Fkh A vktdy dh ;qok ih<h ds
lkFk&lkFk fofHkUu vk;q oxZ ds yksxksa esa izfl) gksus dk tquwu gS os fdlh u fdlh izdkj ls baVjusV ij fp=]
pyfp=] ys[ku lkexzh bR;kfn Mkydj izflf) pkgrs gSa A baVjusV ij izfrfnu vf/kdkf/kd lkexzh Mkyuk vkt
vf/kdkaa”k yksxksa dh izo`fRr cu pqdh gS ftlds ek/;e ls yksx jkrksajkr lks”ky ehfM;k luluh ds :i esa mHkj dj
lcds lkeus Nk tkuk pkgrs gSa ;g oSls gh ftl izdkj i=dkfjrk ds {ks= esa ,d i=dkj fo”ks’k ,oa egRoiw.kZ [kcj
dks lcls igys tuekul ds lEeq[k ykuk pkgrk gS A lks”ky ehfM;k ij ;w&V~;wc ] Qslcqd] CykWxj] fV~oVj]
baLVkxzke ]Vsyhxzke] OgkV~l,i] ,e,Dl VdkVd] ekSt] ykbZd] “ks;jpsSV] thyh bR;kfn vla[; lkekftd eapksa ls yksx
viuh izfrHkk] dyk o vfHkO;fDr dks yksxksa ds lkFk lk>k dj ldrs gSa A ;gk¡ ;g rF; egRoiw.kZ gSa fd lks”k-y
ehfM;k ij vius Hkkoksa] fopkjksa dks vfHkO;Dr djrs le; dksSu&lh Hkk’kk “kSyh] “kCnksa rFkk HkkoHkafxekvksa dk iz;ksx
djsaA
bl lanHkZ esa izfl) vkykspd MkW0 ukeoj flag fy[krs gSa fd Þge dqN Hkh fy[kus&i<us dks Lora= gSa A ysfdu blds
lkFk ftEesnkj Hkh gSa fd ge D;k fy[k jgs gSa \ gesa Lora= gksuk pkfg, exj LoPNan ugha gksuk pkfg, fd tks Hkh
eu esa vk;k fy[k fn;k A fy[kuk Hkh ,d ftEesnkjh gSa Aß7
vfHkO;fDr ds [krjs mBkuk rks vklku gS fdarq bldk ewY; pqdkus dk lkgl dqNsd ds ikl gh gksrk gS
D;ksafd [krjs mBkus ls gh u, ekxZ [kqyrs gSa vkSj iqjkuh :f<+xr ekU;rkvksa dk /oLrhdj.k gksrk gS dfo xtkuu
ek/ko eqfDrcks/k dgrs gSa fd &
Þvc vfHkO;fDr ds lkjs [k+rjs mBkus gh gksaxs A
rksM+us gksaxs gh eB vkSj x< lc Aß8
vfHkO;fDr dh Lora=rk euq’; dk ,d laoS/kkfud vf/kdkj gS tks izeq[k ,oa lkekftd eqn~nkss esa ls ,d gS A
D;ksafd vfHkO;fDr dh Lora=rk ds vHkko esa O;fDr xw¡xs ds leku gS A ;gk¡ iz”u ;g Hkh gS fd fdlh dh vfHkO;fDr
Lora=rk fdlh vU; O;fDr] lekt ;k jk’Vª ds fy, vkifRrtud gks ldrh gS A /;krO; gSa fd dkVwZfuLV vlhe
f=osnh }kjk o’kZ 2012 esa osclkbV ij fookfnr dkVwZu Mkyus ij mUgsa iqfyl fgjklr esa fy;k x;k ftlesa Hkkjrh;
lafo/kku o jk’Vªh; /ot ds vieku esa mUgsa vkbZihlh dh /kkjk 124 , ds rgr ns”kæksg ds vykok dbZ vkjksiksa esa
fxj¶rkj fd;k x;k FkkA fdlh Hkh O;fDr dks viuh vfHkO;fDr dh Lora=rk dk iz;ksx djrs gq, ;g Lej.k j[kuk
pkfg, fd og LoPNan gksdj bldk nq:i;ksx rks ugha dj jgk A vfHkO;fDr dh Lora=rk dk i{k/kj gksus ds
Copyright © 2021, Scholarly Research Journal for Humanity Science & English Language
 MkW0 jke;K ekS;Z & fufru dqekj 11906
(Pg. 11902-11906)

lkFk&lkFk gesa foods”khy gksus dh Hkh vko”;drk gS A Hkokuh izlkn feJ us viuh vfHkO;fDr dfork esa esa dgk gS
&
ßvfHkO;fDr rks gksrh gh jgrh gS]
eSa mlds <ax ugha lksprk
lksph gqbZ vfHkO;fDr us
eq>s dHkh O;Dr ugha fd;k;Þ9

vr% lks'ky ehfM;k yksxksa dh lksp dk ,d uohu vk/kkj gS tksfd blds i{k esa ,d uohu tuer dks rS;kj djrk
gS vkSj fopkjksa dh vfHkO;fDr o uohurk gh lks'ky ehfM;k dk ojnku lkfcr gks jgk gSA
lanHkZ
vkyksd ik.Ms;] ßlkfgR; i=dkfjrk vkSj laLd`frÞ] i`0la0 14
ogh i`0la0 14
ckysUnq 'kekZ nk/khp] vkys[k&ßtk;t+ gS lks”ky ehfM;k esa vlkekftd rRoksa ds n[ky dh fparkÞ balendu.com
txnh'oj prqosZnh] ÞfMftVy dSfifV~yTe Qslcqd laLÑfr vkSj ekuokf/kdkjß] i`ŒlaŒ 74
ogh i`0la 72
MkW0 fot; egknso xkMs ßoS”ohdrk ds ifjizs{; esa lapkj ek/;e]lkfgR;Þ ‘osc ehfM;k vkSj vfHkO;fDr ds [krjs ! i`0la0 177
ogh i`0la0 177
MkW0 fot; egknso xkMs ßoS”ohdrk ds ifjizs{; esa lapkj ek/;e]lkfgR;Þ ‘osc ehfM;k vkSj vfHkO;fDr ds [krjs ! i`0la0 177
la0 fo|;kfuokl feJ] Þu;h dfork dh eqDr/kkjk vk/kqfud dfork dh Hkwfedkß ‘vfHkO;fDr’ i`0la0 17

Copyright © 2021, Scholarly Research Journal for Humanity Science & English Language