International Journal of History 2020; 2(2): 34-37

E-ISSN: 2706-9117
P-ISSN: 2706-9109
IJH 2020; 2(2): 34-37 ckjg iaFkh % ,d ,frgkfld foospu
Received: 20-05-2020
Accepted: 28-08-2020

vtauk ;kno
vtauk ;kno
'kks/k&Nk=k
bfrgkl foHkkx] lkjka'k
ckck eLrukFk fo'ofo|ky;] ^ckjg iaFkh* ukFk iaFk dh 12 'kk[kk,a gSaA ukFk iFk izkphu lar lEiznk; gSA ukFk iaFk dk mn~Hko
vLFky cksgj] jksgrd] ह�रयाणा] vkfn nso f'ko ls ekuk tkrk gSA ukFk uaFk ds vuq;k;h f'ko dh vjk/kuk djrs gSaA buds lk/kuk
Hkkjr
i)fr gB;ksx ij vk/kkfjr gSA vkRe lk{kkRdkj rFkk lekt dY;k.k ukFk ifFk;ksa dk eq[; /;s;
gSaA
xksj[kukFk th us dj lHkh “kSo lEiznk;ksa dks laxfBr dj ml le; mUgksaus ukFk lEiznk; dks
ckjg 'kk[kkvksa esa ckaV fn;kA izR;sd 'kk[kk dk viuk egkRek rFkk viuk LFkku gksrk gSA og LFkku
mudk rhFkZ rFkk egkRek dks vkfn izoZrd ekudj mldh iwtk djrs gSA ckjgiaFkh 'kk[kkvksa esa 6
f'ko rFkk 6 xksj[kukFk ls lEcfU/kr ukFk iaFk ls lEcfU/kr j[krs gSaA
;s ckjg iaFkh “kk[kk,a lEiw.kZ Hkkjr o"kZ esa QSyh gqbZ gSA

मु� श�% ckgjiaFkh ukFk iaFk] f'ko] xksj[k

izLrkouk
gB iznhfidk ds ys[kd LokRekjke vkSj izFke Vhdkdkj czãkuUn bu nksuska us gh n`<+ izfnfidk
T;ksRluk ds igys mins’k ds 5 ls 9os “yksd ess 44 fl) ukFk ;ksfx;ksa dk mYys[k fd;k gqvk gSA
bu 33 ukFk ;ksfx;ksa esa igykukFk vkfn ukFk dks ekuk x;k gSA ;s vkfnukFk Lo;a f'ko gSA izFke
ukFk vkfnukFk f'ko us gh gB;ksx dh fo/kk iznku dh Fkh ,slk bl ukFk xzUFk esa mYys[k fd;k
x;k gSA
ukFkfl)ksa dk mYys[k vk;qZosn xzUFkksa esa Hkh feyrk gSA vk;qZosn xzUFk ukFkksa dks jlk;u fpfdRlk ds
mRifr djrk ds :i esa of.kZr djrk gSA
ra= xzUFk 'kkoj ra= esa difydksa ds 13 vkpk;ksZ dk mYys[k feyrk gSA
iksMl fuR;kra= esa uDukFkksa dk mYys[k fd;k ftlesa budks ra= ds izpkjd ds :Ik esa LFkkfir
fd;k x;k gSA

ckjg iaFkh % ,d ,frgkfld foospu ,oa COVID - 19

Þckjg iaFkhß] ukFk lEçnk; dh ckjg 'kk[kkvksa dks ckjg iaFkh dgk tkrk gSA ,lh ekU;rk gS fd
tc xksj[kukFk th us ukFk iaFk dks laxfBr fd;k rks mUgksaus ukFk iaFk dh ckjg 'kk[kk,¡ LFkkfir
dh Fkh vkSj ;s ckjg 'kk[kk,¡ gh ckjg iaFk dgykrh gSA
xksj[kukFk th us tks 12 'kk[kk,a LFkkfir dh Fkh mUgsa bl çdkj ns[kk tk ldrk gS%&
1. lR;ukFkh
2. /keZukFkh
3. cSjkx
4. ekuukFkh
5. dUgM +
6. /kuiaFk
7. jkeiaFk
Corresponding Author: 8. vkbZiaFk
vtauk ;kno
9. uVs'ojh
'kks/k&Nk=k
bfrgkl foHkkx] 10. ikxyiaFk
ckck eLrukFk fo'ofo|ky;] 11. dfiykuh
vLFky cksgj] jksgrd] ह�रयाणा] 12. xaxkukFkh
Hkkjr

~ 34 ~
International Journal of History
bu ckjg iaFk dh çpfyr ifjifV;ksaesa dksbZ Hksn ugha gSA
ukFk iaFk ,d 'kSo lar laçnk; gSA ;g laçnk; f'ko dh
mikluk djrk gSA ukFkiaFkh f'ko ds oa'kt ekus tkrs gSaAukFk
iaFk mruk gh çkphu gS ftruk f'ko çkphu gSA vkfnukFk f'ko
dh vkjk/kuk djuk gh] ukFk iaFk dh çkphurk dh iqf"V gSA
Li"Vr% ;g dgk tk ldrk gS fd ukFk iaFk cgqr gh vukfn
dky ls fo|eku FkkA vkfnukFk f'ko ds ckn eRL;sæa ukFk gq,A
eRL;sUæukFk ds ckjs esa ,slh ekU;rk gS fd tc vkfnukFk f'ko
ikoZrh dks ;ksx Kku ns jgs Fks rks leqæ esa ,d eNyh Fkh vkSj
ml eNyh ls ;g mRiUu gq, bUgksaus eNyh ds isV esa jgrs gq,
Hkh ;ksx Kku dh f'k{kk xzg.k dh Fkh blfy, ;g eRL;sUæ ukFk
dgyk,A eRL;sUæukFk fl) ;ksxh gq,A eRL;sUæukFk th us
xksj[kukFk th dks viuk f'k"; cuk;kA eRL;sUæukFk pwafd f'ko
vorkj ekus x, rks mUgksaus ;g igpkuk fd xksj[kukFk gh ukFk
iaFk dk çorZu djsaxs vkSj bl ijEijk dks fo'o esa QSyk,¡xsA
ogha gqvk xksj[kukFk th us rRdkyhu lekt esa tks cqjkbZ;‚]
dqfjfr;k¡] O;kir gks pqdh Fkh mu ij çgkj fd;k fofHkUu
lEçnk;ksa dh vPNh f'k{kkvksa dks viuk;k vkSj ukFk iaFk dk
çorZu fd;kA vkfn dk'khukFk iaFk dk çorZu rFkk laxBu dk;Z
djrs x, vkSj dkykUrjesa xksj[kukFk th dks gh ukFk iaFk dk
laLFkkid eku fy;kA x;kA bl ckr dh iqf"V fd eRL;sUæukFk
us xksj[kukFk dks f'ko vorkjh crk;k vkSj vius f'k"; ds :i
esa mudks fn{kk nh fofHkUuxzaFkksa ls gksrh gSA xksj[kukFk dFkk]
iqjk.k ¼ine~ LdUn f'ko czãk.M½] rkaf=d xzaFk ¼rU= egkioZ½
mifu"kn ¼o`gnkj.;d½ ,oa vU; çkphu xzaFk djrs gSaA
ckjg iafFk;ksa dk bfrgkl
ukFk iafFk;ksa dks ckjgiaFkh ;ksxh dgus dk vk/kkj;gh gS fd ;g
ukFk iaFk laxfBr djrs le; xksj[kukFk us 12 'kk[kkvksa esa
foHkä dj fn;k FkkA çR;sd iaFk dk viuk ,d fo'ks"k LFkku
rFkk egkRek gksrk gS ftl lacaf/kr iaFk okys viuk rhFkZ vkSj
vkfn çorZd ekudj lk/kuk djrs gSaA ,slh ekU;rk gS fdiaFk ds
vkilh erHksn dHkh&dHkh >xM+s dk Lo:i ys ysrs Fks rks
xksj[kukFk th us bl leL;k dks tM+ ls lekIr djus ds fy,
gh 12 iaFk esa ukFk laçnk; dks foHkä dj fn;k Fkk 12 iaFkks dk
tks foHkktu fd;k x;k mlesa Hkh ,slh ekU;rk lkeus vkrh gS
fd f'ko }kjk LFkkfir 12 iaFk rFkk xksj[kukFk }kjk foHkä 12
iFk bu nksuksa esa fofHkUu er earUrjks ds dkj.k vkilh >xM+s
gksrs Fks blhfy, xksj[kukFk th us 6 iaFk f'ko th }kjk LFkkfir
rFkk 6iaFk vius }kjk LFkkfir bu nksuksa dks feykdj ,d iaFk
dk fuekZ.k fd;k og iaFkgh 12 iaFkh 'kk[kk tks vkt orZeku esa
ns[kh tk jgh gS] mldk fuekZ.k gqvkA orZeku dh 12 iaFkh
'kk[kk dk foHkfädj.k bl çdkj ns[kk x;k gS%
1. Hkqt ds dBjukFk
2. is'kkoj,oa jksgrd ds ikxyukFk
3. vQxkfuLrku ds jkoy
4. ea[k ;k iad
5. HkkjokM+ ds ou
6. xksiky ;k jke ds iaFk
7. vkbZiaFk ds pksyhukFk
8. gsB ukFk
9. pkn ukFk dfi;kuh
10. HkkjokM+ dk cSjkx iaFk
11. /ktukFk egkohj
12. t;iqj ds ikoukFk
;g ekU;rk gS fd blls igys 6 f'ko }kjk LFkkfir rFkk ckn
ds 6 xksj[kukFk th }kjk LFkkfir 'kk[kk,¡ Fkh bu nksuksa dks
feykdj ckjg iaFkh 'kk[kk dh LFkkiuk gqbZ vkSj eq[; laLFkkid
xksj[kukFk th FksA
~ 35 ~
http://www.historyjournal.net
mi;qZä fooj.k ls Li"V gS fd ukFk iaFk lEçnk; eq[;r%
xksj[kukFk th }kjk LFkkfir fd;k x;k FkkA xksj[kukFk 'kk[kk esa
nks çdkj ds lk/kq ns[kus dks feyrs gSA
1. duQVk lk/kq
2. vks?kM+ lk/kq
dkuQkM+ dj tks eqæk /kkj.k djrs gSa os lk/kq duQVk lk/kq
dgykrs gS vkSj tks lk/kq dku phj dj eqæk /kkj.k ugha djrs gSa
og vks?kM+ lk/kq dgykrk gSA bl çdkj ukFk iaFk esa lk/kqvksa dh
nks Jsf.k;k¡ çfrf"Br gS igyk duQVk vkSj nwljk vks?kM+A
ftl lk/kq us dkuQkM+ dj eqæk ¼dq.My ,oan'kZu½ /kkj.k dh
gqbZ gS rks ukFk iaFk esa ;g ekuk x;k gS fd ml lk/kq us czã
l{k lk{kkRdj dj fy;k gSA ;gha dkj.k gS fd ukFk iafFk;ksa us
duQVk lk/kqvks dks lEeku nsrs gq, mUgsa vks?kM+ ls loksZPp
ekuk vkSj mUgsa ;g lEeku fn;k fd vks?kM+ lk/kq mUgsa loksZPp
,oa loZJs"B ds #i esa mudk vknj eku djsA duQVk lk/kqvksa
dks Hkh ;g vf/kdkj fn;k x;k gS fd os vks?kM+ lk/kqvks ls
lEeku çkIr djus ds vf/kdkjh gSA duQVklk/kqvks dks Hkh ;g
vf/kdkj fn;k x;k gS fd os vks?kM+ lk/kqvksa ls lEeku çkIr
djus ds vf/kdkjh gSaA duQVk lk/kq iwtuh; lk/kqvksa dh Js.kh
esa 'kkfey gS vkS?kM+ lk/kqvksa dks bl iwtuh; Js.kh esa LFkku ugha
fn;k x;k gSA
ukFk iaFk fo'oO;kih gS bldk foLrkj Hkkjr ls ckgj usiky
frCcr] ikfdLrku ds eDdk enhuk rd ns[kk x;k gSA
xksj[kukFk th us usiky rFkk frCcr ds ns'kksa esa riL;k dh Fkh
rks pkSjaxhukFk th us Hkh frCcr rFkk eDdk enhuk rd viuh
riL;k dk foLrkj fd;k FkkA bu ns'kksa esa ukFk iaFk ds eB ,oa
ifo= lk/kuk LFky vkt Hkh fo|eku gSA
Hkkjr esa lEiw.kZ Hkkjr vFkkZr~ Hkkjr ds yxHkx lHkh jkT;ks esa
ukFk iaFk dk foLrkj ns[kk tk ldrk gSA12 iaFkks esa foHkä ukFk
lEçnk; ds eB rFkk vusd egkiq#"kksa dh riLFkyh ns[kh tkrh
gSA
ukFk iafFk;ks dh eq[; lk/kuk LFkyh Hkkjr ds mrjk[k.M jkT;
esa gfj}kj rFkk mÙkj çns'k jkT; ds xksj[kiqj esa xksj[kukFk
efUnj gSA if'peh Hkkjr esa xksj[kukFk 'kk[kk ds lk/kqvksa dks
/keZukFkh rFkk vU; Hkkx esa duQVk Fkk xksj[kukFkh uke ls
çflf) çkIr gSA
ukFk iaFk fofHkUu uke tSls ;ksxh lEçnk;] fl) lEçnk; rFkk
dkSy er ,oa vo/kwr er ls Hkh çfl) gSA bldk rkRi;Z ;g gS
fd ukFk iaFk rFkk mä lHkh lEçnk;@er ;s nksuksa ,d flDds
ds nks igyw gSaA vo/kwr lEçnk; esa vo/kwr 'kCn dk vFkZ fy;k
tkrk gSß L=h jfgr ;k ek;k ççap jfgrA Þfl) fl)kUr i)fr
uked ukFk lEçnk; ds xzUFk esa ,d 'yksd ds ek/;e ls
vo/kwr 'kCn dk vFkZ bl çdkj crk;k x;k gSÞ lokZuç—fr
fodkj.k o/kq uksrhR; vo/kwrÞ vFkkZr~ tks leLr ç—fr fodkjksa
dks R;kx nsrk gS ;k >kM+ nsrk gS og vo/kwr gSA
ckS) rFkk tSu /keZ ds lUrks ds uke ds vkxs Hkh ukFk 'kCn dk
ç;ksx fd;k gSA tSu /keZ esa dqN lUr tSls HkhuukFk vkSj ikjl
ukFk buds uke ds vkxs ukFk 'kCn dks tksM+k x;k gSA
eRL;sUæukFk th ds le; tks pkj lEçnk; Fks] ;s nksuksa gh lUr
ml le; ds ukFk lUrksa dh lwfp esa ns[ks tkrs gSA ysfdu ;s
duQV lk/kqvksa dh rjg dq.My rFkk os'kHkw"kk /kkj.k ugha djrs
gSa vkSj uk gh gB ;ksx lk/kuk dk ikyu djrs gSa orZeku esa Hkh
ns[kk t ldrk gS fd lHkh tSu lUr egkohj dks Hkxoku ekurs
gSa vkSj Hkxoku egkohj dh f'k{kk dk gh çpkj çlkj djrs gSa]
vc muds uke ds lkFk ukFk 'kCn Hkh ugha tksM+k tkrk gSA
International Journal of History
ukFk iaFk dh 12 'kk[kk,a
ukFk iaFk esa xksj[kukFk }kjk tks ckjg 'kk[kk, LFkkfir dh xbz
Fkh mudks ckjg&iaFkh dkg x;kA ckjg iaFkh foLrkj ls bl
izdkj ofxZr dh tkrh gSA
lrukFk iaFk
czãk th dks bl iaFk dk izoZrd ekuk x;k gSA ekU;rk ;g gS
fd lR;ukFkZ gh lrukFk iaFk ds izoZrd gSaA larukFk iaFk ds
ekuus okys lUrks adks czã ;ksxh dg dj lEcksf/kr fd;k tkrk
gS D;ksafd ;g /kkj.kk jgh gS fd ;s czã dks viuk bZ"V ekurs gS
rks ;s czã ;ksxh gSA mM+hlk ds Hkqous'oj uked LFkku ij
lrukFk iaFk dh iz/kku ihB gSA lrukFk iaFk la[;k essa 31 gSA
jkeukFk iaFk
Jh jkepUnz th jkeukFk iaFk ds izoZrd gSA xksj[kiqj tks orZeku
esa mÙkj izns'k jkt; esa fLFkr gS] ogk¡ jkeukFk iaFk dh iz/kku
ihB gSA jkeukFk dh la[;k 61 gSA
/keZukFk iaFk
bl iaFk ds izoZrd /keZjkt ;qf/kf"Bj dks ekuk x;k gSA /keZukFk
iaFk dh eq[; ihB nqYyqnsyd uked LFkku ij gS] ;g LFkku
usiky esa fLFkr gSA /keZukFk iaFk dh la[;k 15 gSA Hkkjr esa Hkh
bl iaFk dh ihB gs tks fd dPN ds f?kuks/kj uked LFkku ij
fLFkr gS ;g xqtjkr jkT; ds vUrxZr vkrk gSA
y{ke.kukFk iaFk
y{ke.kukFk iaFk dks gh ukVs'ojh iaFk Hkh dgk tkrk gSA bl iaFk
dk izorZd y{k.ke gh dks ekuk xk;k gSA
y{ke.kukFk iaFk dk eq[; LFkku iatkc ds xksj[kkZVYyk ¼>sye½
esa gSA y{e.kukFk iaFk dk lecU/k nfj;kukFk iaFk rFkk nqyukFk
iaFk ls Hkh crk;k tkrk gSA y{e.k ukFk iaFk la[;k esa 43 gSA
nfj;kukFk iaFk
bl iaFk ds Hkwy izoZrd x.ks'k th ekus x, gS nfj;kukFk iaFk
dk uke dUgM+ iaFk iM+ x;k ftlds ihNs ;g ekU;rk fd
nfj;kukFk iaFk ds fo"k; esa xksj[kiqj esa lquh ijEijk ls bldk
uke dUgM+ iaFk iM+k gSA dPN dks ekuQjk bldk iz/kku LFkku
jgk] ;s la[;k esa 10 ekus x, gSA
xaxkukFk iaFk
bl iaFk dk Hkwy izoZrd Hkh"e firkeg dks ekuk x;k gSA eq[;
ihB t[kckj uked LFkku gS tksfd iatkc jkt; ds ftyk
xq:nkliqj esa vkrk gSA bl iFk dh la[;k 6 gSA
oSjkx iaFk
bl iaFk ds laLFkkid Hkr`Zgfj th ekus x, gSA jktLFkku ds
ukxkSj esa jkrk<qa<k uked LFkku esa bl iaFk dh iz/kku ihB gSA
bl iaFk dk lEcU/k HkksraxhukFk iaFk ls Hkh crk;k tkrk gSA
budh la[;k 124 gSA
jkoy ;k ekuukFk iaFk
xksihpUn th ekuukFk iaFk ds eq[; izorZd FksA vkt bl iaFk
dh ihB jktLFkku izns'k ds tks/kiqj ds egkefUnj uked LFkku
ij crkbZ xbZ gSA HkkuukFk iaFk dh la[;k 10 gSA
tkya?kfj;k iaFk@ikxy iaFk
ikxyiaFk ds laLFkkid pkSjxhukFk dks ekuk x;k gSA -----------
ikxyiaFk dh ihB gfj;k.kk ds jksgrd ftys ds vLFky cksgj
uked LFkku ij gSA pkSjxhukFk th dks gh iwj.k Hkxr dgk x;k
~ 36 ~
http://www.historyjournal.net
gSA budh la[;k 4 gSA
vkbZ iaFk
xq: xksj[kukFk th dh f'k";k Hkxorh fceyk nsoh Fkh] og vkbZ
iFk dh ewy izofrZdk FkhA vkbZ iaFk dh eq[; ihB ----------- Loa
gfj}kjk esa fLFkr gSA caxky esa fnuktiqj ftys esa tksxh xqQk esa
eq[; ihB gSA ;g tksxh xqQk xksj[kdqbZ ds uke ls Hkh izfl)
FkhA eLrukFk th ls iwoZ vkbZ iaFk ls lEcfU/kr lk/kq vius uke
ds ihNs vkbZ 'kCn dk iz;ksx djrs Fks ysfdu eLrukFk ftuds
xq: ujekbZ ukFk jgs] mUgksaus vius uked lkfk vkbZ ds LFkku
ij ^ukFk* 'kCn dk iz;ksx djuk izkjEHk dj fn;k FkkA mlds
ckn ls vkbZ iaFk ds lHkh lUrksa us vkbZ 'kCn ds LFkku ij ukFk
'kCn vius uke ds ckn tksM+uk izkjEHk dj fn;k tks vkt rd
izpfyr gSA vkbZ iaFk dk lEcU/k ?kksM+k pkSyh ls Hkh tksM+k tkrk
gSA budh la[;k 10 gSA
dfiykuh iaFk
x<+oky ds jktk vt;iky us dfiykuh iaFk dh LFkkiuk dh
FkhA dfiy eqfu dfiykuh iaFk ds eq[; izorZd crk, x, gSA
caxky esa xaxkuxj uked LFkku gS tks bl iaFk dk iz/kku LFkku
gSA bl iFk dh ,d vU; ihB dksdydrk ds lehi nenHk
xksj[koa'kh fLFkr gSA budh la[;k 26 ekuh xbZ gSA
/ktukFk iaFk
guqeku th bl iaFk ds ewy izoZrd ekus tkrs gSA orZeku esa
/ktukFk iaFk dh ihB vEckyk esa fLFkr gSA bl iFk dh la[;k
3 gSA
vkxsUny dj ;s 12 iaFk Hkh vusd mi'kk[kkvksa esa foHkdr gks
x;kA tSls ik;yukfkh dkf;dukFkh mn;uk Fkh] vkpkjiaFk
piZVukFkh] QhyukFkh xSuh] fujatuukFk ojtksxh] uk;jh dkik;]
m/kZukjh dkeHkt vejukFk ojtksxh] uk;jh dk ik;] m/kZukjh
dkeHkt] vejukFk] ikn~Fk] vekiaFkh rkjdukFk] dHkhnkl
Hk`axukFk] vHkkiaFkh vkfnA leiw.kZ Hkkjr o"kZ esa budk foLrkj
ns[kk tkrk gSA
lkjk'kr% mDr fooj.k dks vk/kkj cukdj ;g dgk tk ldrk
gS fd ukFk iaFk dks izorZu fd;k mUgksaus ukFk iaFk dks ckjg
iaFk@'kk[kkvksa esa foHkDr dj] ,d lkFk bu ckjg 'kk[kkvksa dks
lEefyr dj ukFk iaFk dks lxafBr fd;kA ,slh /kkj.kk gs fd
xksj[kukFk us ukFk iaFk dk ckjg 'kk[kkvksa esa foHkkftr djds
laxfBr :i nsrs le; N% 'kk[kk,a f'ko iaFk ds le; vkSj N%
'kk[kk,a xksj[kiaFkh dh ,d lkFk j[kh rkfd ,d lkFk py dj
ukFk iaFk ,d etcwr lEiznk; cu dj ;ksx dk izpkj&izlkj
rFkk yksd dY;k.kdkjh dk;Z dj ldsA ;g lR; gs fd bu
ckjg iFkksa ds vius&2 xq# gS vius&2 fl) LFkku gS vius&2
eB gS vius&2 xq#vksa dh riksHkwfe gS ysfdu fQj Hkh ;s 12
iaFkh xksj[kukFk ds vuq;k;h gS] xksj[kukFk dh lk/kuk i)fr
¼gB ;ksx½ }kjk lk/kuk djrs gS] vkSj xksj[kukFk dks viuk xq:]
ukFk iaFk dk laLFkkid ekurs gSA ukFk iaFkh ;g dgrs gS fd
mudk xq# xksj[kukFk gS mudk eq[; xzUFk ¼gB;ksx izfnfidk½
ukFk xzUfk gS] xksj{k fl)kUr i)fr gS vkSj os gB ;ksx }kjk
viuh lk/kuk djrs gSA
ukFk iaFk ;ksfx;ksa dk eq[; mís'; gB ;ksx lk/kuk ds }kjk
vkRelk{kkRdkj dks izkIr djuk gSA
ukFk iaFkh gB ;ksxh iaFk gS] lk/kuk ;k=k esa ;ksx ls tks flf)
izkIr gksrh gS mldk iz;ksx ;s ukFk iaFkh tu dY;k.k rFkk
yksdY;k.k esa djrs gSa] tu&tu dks LokLF; dh etcwrh dSl
gks bldh tkx:drk iznku djrs gSA bfrgkl esa izek.k gS fd
fdl izdkj xksj[kukFk pkSjxhukFk eLrukFk vkfnukFk iaFk
;ksfx;ksa us viuh ;ksx riL;k ls izkIr flf);ksa dh tudY;k.k
International Journal of History
dk;ksZ esa iz;ksx fd;k gSA fdlh izdkj rRrdkyhu le; esa bu
fl) ukFk ;ksfx;ksa us vke turk dks Hk;kud jksxksa ls eqfDr dk
ekxZ fn[kk;k FkkA mnkgj.kkFkZ eB] vLFky cksgj dh tuJqfr;k¡
bl mDr ckr dk izek.k gSA tu Jqfr;k¡ lR; ij vk/kkfjr gS]
tu Jqfr gesa gekjs iwoZtksa ls lquus dks feyh tks lR; ?kVuk,a
FkhA ih<+h nj ih<+h pyrs &2 ,d le; os tuJqfr cu xbZ
ysfdu mudh lR;rrk ij rfud Hkh lansg ugha fd;k tkuk
pkfg,A
COVID-19 vkSj ukFk iaFk ds ckjg iafFk;ksa dh ppkZ djrs le;
;g dguk fcYdqy lR; gS fd igys Hkh dj jgs Fks vkSj vkt
Hkh vius f'k";ksa dh ;g tkx:drk ns jgs gS fd ;ksx dk thou
dk vax cuk,] D;ksa ;ksx 'kjhj dks etcwrh iznku djrk gS]
'kkjhfjd etcwrh ds lkFk&2 ekufld etcwrh ;ksx }kjk izkIr
dh tkrh gS dgus dk rkRi;Z gS fd ;s ckjg iaFkh ;ksx dk
vk/kkj cukdj dksjksuk ok;jl ls etcwrh iznku djus dh
tkx:drk ianku dj jgs gS] ;g 'kkjhfjd iq"Vrk vke turk
dks dksjksuk ok;jl ls yM+us dh {kerk iznku dj jgh gS] ladV
dh bl ?kM+h esa ukFk iaFkh ¼vkbZ iaFk½ dh fl) ihB eB] ckck
eLrukFk ¼vLFky ckgj eB½ tks fd jksgrd ftys esa fLFkr gS
og Immunity Booster cukdj iz/kku eU=h dks"k esa vkfFkZd
enn ns dj ckck eLrukFk vk;qosZn egkfo|ky; ¼tksfd
gfj;k.kk dk lcls iqjkuk vk;qosZn egkfo|ky; dgykrk gSA½
dks COVID-19 vLirky dh Js.kh c) djok turk dh lsok
dk dk;Z dj jgk gS dksjksuk dky esa tuekul dks fcpyr gksus
ls jksd jgk gSA ckck eLrukFk eB us vius ;gk¡ dksjksuVkbu
dsUnz cuk dj ;g lkfcr dj fn;k gS fd og jk"Vª lsok esa
vxz.kh dk;Z dj jgk gs] ns'k&fons'k ls vk, yksxksa dks bl
dksjksuVkbu dsUnz esa j[kk vkSj mudh lHkh rjQ ls ns[k js[k
dh tks fd bl dk;Z dks LFkkfir djrk gS fd ukFk ;ksxh gB
;ksx ls riL;k vkSj yksddY;k.k dk;Z djrs jgs gSA orZeku esa
eB vLFky cksgj dh xn~nh ij LFkkfir ckydukFk ;ksxh dh
laosnu'khyrk vrqyuh; ,oa Lej.kh; jgsxhA buds ihBklhu
dky dk ;g tu dY;k.kdkjh dk;Z bfrgkl ,si&uk esa Lof.kZe
v{kjksa esa fy[kk tk;sxkA
lUnHkZ xzUFk lwph
1. cuthZ] v{k; dqekj fQyksLQh vksQ xksj[kukFk] izdk'kd
esgUr fnxfot; ukFk VªLV] xksj[kukFk efUnj xksj[kiqj
eqnzd] uopsru izSl] u;k cktkj] fnYyh&6] 29&10&1961
2. Jh ohjukFk th ¼vkbZ iaFk½ Jh ukFk pfjr] 14 tuokjh]
2013 izdk'kd vf[ky Hkkjro"khZ; vo/kwr Hks"k ckjg iaFk
;ksxh egklHkk] xq: xksj[kukFk efUnj v[kkM+k] vij jksM+]
gfj}kj ¼mrjkapy½
3. folkyukFk ;ksxh] Jh ukFk fl)ksa dh Å¡dkj flf)
¼mikluk&lk/kuk½ 15 tuojh] 2019 ¼f}rh; laLdj.k½
izdk'kd Jh ckck eLrukFk eB] vLFky cksgj] ftyk
jksgrd gfj;k.kkA
4. HkaHkwyukFk ;ksxh] ;ksxh lEinzk; fuE; deZ lap;] 15
tuojh] 2019 ¼r`rh; laLdj.k½ izdk'kd ckjg iaFk ;ksxh
egklHkk] xksj[kukFk efUnj] gfj}kjk mrajkpy
5. 'ks[kj lUrks"k] xq: xhrk (Complied by) izdk'ku] 2001]
Dev Publication, xzhu ikdZ ,DlVs'ku] N.D. 16.
6. vkpk;Z jk/kkd`".k] /;ku lk/kuk ds iz;ksx] ebZ] 2015
izdk'kd] vfer ikWdsV cqDl] tkyU/kj] eqnzd ;kstuk
fizafVax izSls] tkyU/kj
7. ukUny MkW0 lkSHkkX;orh] ukxsihj riLoh j.kir&eku/kkrk]
izdk'kd egUr pkan ukFk ;ksxh eB] vLFky cksgj] jksgrd]
17 ekpZ] 2007
8. 'kekZ] f'kokuh] pUnzkorkj fl) pkSjaxhukFk ¼iwj.k Hkxr½
~ 37 ~
http://www.historyjournal.net
izdk'kd egUr pkanukFk ;ksxh egUr] vLFky cksgj] jksgrd
gfj;k.kk 27 Qjojh] 2015 bZ0 ¼f}rh; laLdj.k½
9. ;ksxh foykl ukFk] Jh ukFk fl)ksa dh 'ka[k<+ky ¼Jh ukFk
jgL; prqFkZ [k.M½ izdk'kd vLFky cksgj eB] jksgrd
gfj;k.kk 27 tqykbZ] 2018
10. vkgqtk ,oa JhokLro] Hkkjr dk xkSjo] izdk'kd eUr
pkanukFk ;ksxh] xíh eB] vLFky cksgj] jksgrd ¼gfj;k.kk½
Qjojh] 2009
11. foyklukFk ;ksxh uo ukFk ¼pfj= n'kZu ,oa lk{kkRdkj
fcf/k½ 15 tuojh] 2019] izdk'kd ckck eLrukFk eB
vLFy cksgj] ftyk jksgrd] gfj;k.kk
12. ;ksfx'oj Jh 'kadjukFk Jh eLrukFk pfjr] izdk'kd egUr
pkanukfk ;ksxh] ckck eLrukFk fo'ofo|ky;] jksgrd
13. ;ksxh 'kadjukFk] Jh eLrukFk pfjr ¼f}rh; laLdj.k 14
tuojh] 2013½ izdk'kd] ckjg iUFk ;ksxh egklHkk xq#
xksj[kukFk efUnj] gfj}kj] mÙkjk[k.M ;ksxh 'kadjukFkA
14. ;ksxh foyklukFk] Jh ukFk fl) dope~ ¼prqFkZ laLdj.k½
15 tuojh] 2019] izdk'kd ckjgiaFk ;ksxh egklHkk xq:
xksj{kukFk efUnj] gfj}kj mÙkjk[k.MA
15. ;ksxh fl) Jh 'kadjukFk vLFkycksgj eB dk laf{kIr
bfrgkl lEiknu dksdpUnz 'kkL=h] izdk'kd esgUr
Js;ksukFk ;ksxh] vLFky cksgj ¼jksgrd½ gfj;k.kk jkT; 1970
bZ0 eqnz.k lezkV vkVZ vkWQlsV izSl] gkMh /khjt] fnYyh&6
16. ;ksxh foyklukFk Jh ukFk lEiznk; ds rhFkZ LFky ,oa
izkphu Hkr`Zgfj xqQk egkRE; 18 vxLr] 2015 izdk'kd]
12 iaFkh ;ksxh egklHkk gfj}kjA
17. ;ksxh pUnzukFk ek;k feyh uk jke] 1958] izdk'ku] eB
vLFky cksgj] jksgrd] gfj;k.kk Hkqiat V;ksek vkQlsV] izSl
vks[kyk] fnYyh
18. ;ksxh foyklukFk] Jh ukFk jgL; ¼[k.M 1&2&3½ 10
tqykbZ 1917 bZ0 izdk'ku] ckjg iaFk ;ksxh egklHkk]
xksj[kukFk eafnj] gfj)kj
19. Jh eLrukFk pfjre~ 1970 bZ0 izdk'kd JheUr Js;ksukFk
egkHkkxk % vLFky cksgj] jksgrd ¼gfj;k.kk½
20. ;ksxhjkt ia0 Jh xM~a-xukFk%] fl)iqj okM+k dqVh] iks0
xkU/kjk] tkyU/kj iatkc] laor 1960] eqnzd lezkv izsl
igkM+h /khjt fnYyh&6
21. Hkr`Zgfj d`r uhfr'krde~ vuqoknd] Lokeh fonsgRekuUn
izdk'kd] Lokeh czãLFkkuUn] v/;{k jked`".k eB] /kUrksyh]
ukxiqj] 20-3-2014