تعاريف

Intentional
Literary Terms For the These terms are added

MTA in the FE
Short Story and Autobiography Poetry and

Drama
Antagonist Irony Alliteration

Autobiograph Narrator Couplets
y Novel Comedy
Character Omniscient Drama
Climax narrator Enjambment
Conflict Plot Free verse Image
Dialogue Point of view Metaphor
Dilemma Protagonist Meter Personificatio
Dramatic Resolution n
narrator Realism Rhyme scheme
Epiphany Round Charact Rhythm
er Simile
Feminism
Sarcasm Speaker
Flashback
Setting Stanza
Flat Character
Short story Style
Foreshadow
Suspense Symbol/ism/li
Genre
Theme a ze
Gender
Turning Tone
Humour
point Tragedy
Identification
Villanelle
Intentional fall
Feminism can be seen as a movement to put an end to sexism, sexist exploitation, and
oppression and to achieve full gender equality in law and in practice. For example, in ‘Trifles’
by Susan Glaspell, The male characters in “Trifles” are regarded as smart and superior to their
own wives, who are then treated as rather childish for their burden in domestic specifics. Susan
Glaspell makes a feminist dignity as she describes all the female characters with such a brilliant
.way to secretly win over male prejudice
comedy in literature: A comedy is defined as a dramatic work that is written for the purpose to
. amuse or entertain the audience
tragedy, branch of drama that treats in a serious and dignified style the sorrowful or terrible events
encountered or caused by a heroic individual
A novel is an invented prose narrative of significant length and complexity that deals imaginatively
with human experience
Humor is a literary tool that makes audiences laugh, or that intends to induce amusement or
laughter. Its purpose is to break the monotony, boredom, and tedium, and make the audience’s
.nerves relax
suspense is an uneasy feeling that a reader gets when they don't know what is going to happen next.
A writer creates suspense through a controlled release of information to readers that raises key
questions and makes readers eager, but terrified, to find out what happen. For example, in ‘Trifles’
by Susan Glaspell, conflict between the characters, symbolism, and suspense to provide the reader
.with how different the men and women see the crime scene
Sarcasm is a literary device that uses irony to mock someone or something or convey contempt.
Sarcasm can also be defined as the use of words that mean the opposite of what the speaker or
. ’writer intends, especially to insult or show irritation with someone, or to amuse others
Free verse
Nonmetrical, nonrhyming lines that closely follow the natural rhythms of speech. A regular
pattern of sound or rhythm may emerge in free-verse lines, but the poet does not adhere to
a metrical plan in their composition
Realism Definition
Realism, or literary realism, is an era of literary technique in which authors described things as they
are without embellishment or fantastical plots. Works of literary realism shun flowery language,
exotic settings and characters, and epic stories of love and heroism. In' One Art, by Elizabeth Bishop,
.the main problem is to adopt a realistic attitude To deal ith your losses
irony is a situation or statement characterized by a significant difference between what is expected

or understood and what actually happens or is meant. Verbal irony occurs when a word or
expression in context means something different from, and usually the opposite of, what it appears
to mean; when the intended meaning is harshly critical or satiric, verbal irony becomes sarcasm.
Situational irony occurs when a character holds a position or has an expectation that is reversed or
fulfilled in an unexpected way. When there is instead a gap between what an audience knows and
what a character believes or expects, we have dramatic irony; when this occurs in a tragedy, dramatic
.irony is sometimes called tragic irony
intentional fallacy, term used in 20th-century literary criticism to describe the problem inherent
.in trying to judge a work of art by assuming the intent or purpose of the artist who created it
A couplet is a pair of consecutive lines of poetry that create a complete thought or idea. The lines
often have a similar syllabic patterns, called a meter. While most couplets rhyme, not all do. A
/.couplet can live within a bigger poem or be a poem all its own
.Meter is the basic rhythmic structure of a line within a work of poetry
A drama, also known as a play, is a form of literature written intentionally for theatrical
performance. Most of the parts in a drama are consisted of scripted dialogues, or only the acting in
some cases, between characters intended to be performed by actors and actresses to move the story
.along
Character
Characters are the people, or sometimes animals, subjected in the drama, and are portrayed by the
actors and actresses in the play. They are one of the main components that move the action of the
play forward. Characters can be categorized into three types according to the roles they play. The
main character of the play is known as the protagonist. The antagonist is the character who opposes
the protagonist. The other characters that are neither the protagonist nor the antagonist are called
.the secondary characters. They may have a major part or a minor involvement in the drama
Genre
Genre is the type of play. The examples of genre in which the play can be classified include tragedy,
.comedy, romantic, mystery, and historical play
Gender refers to the characteristics of women, men, girls and boys that are socially constructed. This
includes norms, behaviours and roles associated with being a woman, man, girl or boy, as well as
relationships with each other. As a social construct, gender varies from society to society and can
.change over time
Dramatic narrator: when the narrator reports the events of a scene without getting inside characters'
private thoughts or feelings. Like a neutral camera without personal feelings, this narration simply
records sense data
autobiography, the biography of oneself narrated by oneself .An autobiography is confessional.

Autobiographies are made interesting by the confessions that writers make about their own lives.
The more confessional the autobiography is, the more interesting it would be.Autobiographies are
didactic. It means that writers usually aim at teaching a lesson to their readers by presenting the
difficulties and hardships that they encounter and how they manage to win the fight.
Autobiographies are complete. Writers usually start with their early childhood and continue their
narration until the time of writing their autobiographies. An autobiography is usually written at the
.end of one’s career .Autobiographies are made interesting by giving minute details about the writer
A symbol is something that represents something else. Sometimes a symbol resembles or closely
.relates to what it represents, but often the association is arbitrary or subtle
.Tone:The attitude a literary work takes toward its subject, especially the way diction reveals it
Enjambment (or enjambement): A line having no end punctuation but running over to the next
.line
Imagery uses vivid description that appeals to a readers’ senses to create an image or idea in
their head. only portray the sensational and emotional experience within text. appealing to
their senses. Imagery in writing can aim at a reader’s sense of taste, smell, touch, hearing, or
sight through vivid descriptions. Imagery can be created using other literary devices like
similes, metaphors, or onomatopoeia. 1. Visual Imagery create an image in the reader’s head.
These visual qualities can be shapes, color, light, shadow, or even patterns. 2. Auditory Imagery
This type of imagery appeals to a reader’s sense of hearing. Knock, knock, knock, knock! Who’s
there, i’ 3. Tactile Imagery Tactile imagery appeals to a reader’s sense of touch and allows them
to better empathize with a character. What is Figurative Language? Figurative language refers
to the use of words in a way that deviates from the conventional order and meaning in order to
convey a complicated meaning, Types of Figurative Language There are several types of
figurative languages that are used in modern writing. They include: 1. Simile A simile is a figure
of speech that compares two unlike things and uses the words “like” or “as”. 2. Metaphor A
metaphor is a statement that compares two things that are not alike. Unlike similes, metaphors
do not use the words “like” or “as.” 4. Personification Personification is the attribution of
human characteristics to non-living objects. Using personification affects the way readers
.imagine things, and it sparks an interest in the subject
.Image: visual image, sound, taste, smell, touch

Stanza: A group of poetic lines corresponding to paragraphs in prose/ Couplet: 2
rhyming lines / Tercet: 3 lines/ Quatrain: 4 lines/ etc. Symbol: person, object or action that
suggests something else: feeling or abstract quality (the road ahead is bright) Villanelle: 19
lines/ 5 tercets & 1 quatrain/ 10 syllables per line/ 2 repeating rhymes/ 2 refrains ‘One Art’ by
Elizabeth Bishop is a villanelle
Rhyme: The repetition of identical concluding syllables in different words at the ends of lines
(June—moon/ masterdisaster) Rhythm: pattern of sounds in a poem
Stanza Meaning: A stanza is a group of lines of poetry that are usually similar in length and
pattern and are separated by spaces. A stanza is like a paragraph of poetry—it states and
develops a single main idea. Most poems of more than a few lines are divided into stanzas—
.groups of lines divided from other groups by white space on the page
Symbolism Meaning: Symbolism is the use of symbols. Symbolism plays an important role in
many different types of literature. It can highlight certain elements the author wishes to
.emphasize and also add levels of meaning
Rhythm Meaning: A rise and fall of the voice produced by the alternation of stressed and
unstressed syllables in language.the modulation of weak and strong (or stressed and unstressed)
elements in the f l ow of speech. In most poetry written before the twentieth century, rhythm
was often expressed in meter; in prose and in free verse, rhythm is present but in a much less
.predictable and regular manner
Personification Meaning: Personification is a type of figurative language in which a nonhuman

subject is given human characteristics. Word: Rhyme Meaning: Rhyme is the repetition of
sounds at the ends of words. Poets use rhyme to lend a songlike quality to their verses and to
emphasize certain words and ideas. Many traditional poems contain end rhymes, or rhyming
.words at the ends of lines
alliteration – repeated initial consonant sounds in multiple words. It used to create sounds and
set the mood within a poem. sounds can be pleasing if the poet wants the reader to feel relaxed,
.abrasive if the reader should feel tense, or any other mood
What is a tone of a poem? The poet's attitude toward the poem's speaker, reader, and subject
matter, as interpreted by the reader Through word choice or writing style. Often described as a
“mood” that pervades the experience of reading the poem, it is created by the poem's
vocabulary, metrical regularity or irregularity, syntax, use of figurative language, and rhyme
( word choice or writing style( diction) )
speaker is the person who is the voice of a poem; That voice is often a voice of the poet, but not
always. Poets sometimes create characters just as writers of fiction or drama do. And the speaker of
.a poem may express ideas or feelings very different from the poet’s own
1- Setting: it refers to the time, place and culture in which the events of the story occur.
It includes the general conditions, atmosphere, and moods. It is created to shed light on the theme
of the story. The setting can sometimes be the centre of the story. For example, in " I Will Try
Tomorrow" by Mona Ragab, the setting of the story is in Egypt because the narrator mentions the
."Nile in the story. The narrator said," The Nile sways to and fro
2- Plot: it refers to the arrangement of the events in the story. The traditional story follows a
pattern of:
a. Exposition: details of setting and characters is revealed.
b. Rising actions: the build-up of events (complexities)
c. Climax/turning point: is the highest point of the story. For example, In "I Will Try Tomorrow" by
Mona Rageb, the Climax is when the child called the mother "mama". The turning point happens
when the mother's dream is shattered away.
d. Falling actions: events that happen after the climax.
e.Resolution: the outcome of the story.

Conflict is an important element in the plot. It is the main problem which triggers all other -
complexities. There are two types of conflict: External conflict (Man versus man, Man Versus nature,
.Man versus society); or Internal conflict (Man versus himself)
Characters: this element refers to the people the authors create to inhabit their stories. The main -3
character can be called as the protagonist. The other character(s) that is/are in combat/clash with
.the protagonist is called antagonist
- Round/dynamic characters are the major characters who are able to change, and can be
developed gradually throughout the story. For example, in ' Dead Men’s Path' by Chinua Achebe,
Mr.Obi is a round character because he has 'wonderful ideas' and wants to change Ndume village
culture.
- Flat/static characters are the characters who are not able to change or develop throughout the
story.For example, in 'Dead Men’s Path' by Chinua Achebe, Nancy is a flat character who cares
aonly about the appearances.
- Point of view:
:it is the angle in which the story is told. The narrator of the story can be
a. First-person point of view: and it allows readers to see the actions/events through the eyes
of one character.
This narration style is told through the use of I or We. For example, in 'I Will Try Tomorrow' by Mona
.Ragab, the story is written in the first-person narrator
b. The omniscient narrator: the narrator knows everything about all the characters. He/she has
an unlimited access to characters’ minds. (uses third person pronouns like he, she, it and they).For
instance, in '
.Dead Men’s Path' by Chinua Achebe, the story is written in the thirdperson narrator
c. Limited third person: The narrator can see the events like the readers and concentrates on
the consciousness of one character. This view grants a writer more freedom than first person, but
less than third person omniscient.
.)uses third person pronouns like he, she, it and they (
5- Theme: The main idea or the moral of the story. The theme reveals the meaning of the
story. Examples of themes could be: greed and empathy .in the story 'A Handful of Dates' by Tayeb
Saleh. The grandfather greed is one of the main ideas in the story.
6- Style: it refers to the author’s choices of words (diction), their sentence structure (syntax)
and their use of figurative language (irony, symbolism, imagery and metaphor).
It also denotes the use of descriptive language, monologues, dialogues. For example in 'Dead Men's
.Path' by Chinua Achebe,the story's style consists of symbolism and Irony
dilemma a situation in which a difficult choice has to be made between two or more alternatives, -7
especially ones that are equally undesirable. For example, In " A Handful of Dates" by Tayeb Saleh,
there is an example of a dilemma moment. the narrator said," Hearing my grandfather call after me,
I hesitated a little, then continued on my way". The boy had a too choose between to alternative
.situations and he chooses to run away
Epiphany-8
Epiphany in literature refers generally to a visionary moment when a character has a sudden insight
or realization that changes their understanding of themselves or their comprehension of the world.
For instance, in 'A Handful of Dates' by Tayeb Saleh,the short story is told through the eyes of a
young boy as he experiences an epiphany, a critical moment of awareness that perhaps marks his
.passage from a child to an adult because of his grandfather's greed
:Flashback Meaning-8
A flashback is a scene within a story that interrupts the sequence of events to relate events that
occurred in the past. For instance, in ' A Handful of Dates' by Tayeb Saleh, there is a flashback
moment when the boy remembers Masood's words 'palm trees ,my boy, like humans experience joy
'and suffering
Foreshadowing-9
Foreshadowing is the author’s use of clues to hint at what might happen later in the story. Writers
use foreshadowing to build their readers’ expectations and to create suspense. In 'A Handful of
Dates' by Tayeb Saleh the narrator said, "My grandfather, however, jumped to his feet and I saw that
his eyes sparkled momentarily with an intense brightness.( Forshadws the humiliation of Masood) .
Another example, in 'Dead men’s path' by Chinua Achebe , the teacher said ti Michael Obi 'there
was a big row some time ago when we attempted to close it." The teacher said to Obi about the
conflict that will happen if he closes the path . Another instance, in 'I Will Try Tomorrow' by Mona
Rageb the narratorsaid, 'I close the door quietly, afraid that I might awaken somebody, and it causes
.a squeak that startles me'. The sound of the door Foreshadows the awakening of the children
:Sarcasm Meaning-10
The use of invectives or harsh terms to indicate weakness or fault. Sarcasm can be cutting and cynical
.and may be displayed by an action as well as by words
Example, in 'Dead Men’s Path' by Chinua Achebe, Mr.Obi said when he knew that the teacher
.'allowed the villagers to pass through his garden 'it simply amazing
:Antagonist-11
The antagonist a character or a nonhuman force that opposes or is in confl ict with the protagonist.
For example, the antagonist in 'A Handful of Dates' by Tayeb Saleh, is the grandfather because he
was a greedy man. Antagonist is a villain who opposes the protagonist. protagonist the most neutral
and broadly applicable term for the main character in a work, whether male or female. The
.antagonist is the protagonist enemy and he clash with him
protagonist-12
the most neutral and broadly applicable term for the main character in a work, it is the main
character, and the events of the story revolve around the protagonist. For example, in I Will Try
Tomorrow by Mona Rageb the mother is the protagonist because the events of the story revolve
.around her
narrator-13
The one who tells the story. A first- person narrator is an internal narrator who consistently refers to
himself or herself using the first- person pronouns I or we. A thirdperson narrator uses third-
person pronouns such as she, he, they, it, and so on; thirdperson narrators are almost always
external narrators. Third- person narrators are said to be omniscient (literally, “all- knowing”) when
they describe the inner thoughts and feelings of multiple characters; they are said to be limited
when they relate the thoughts, feelings, and perceptions of only one character unlike the first-person
narrator (the central consciousness). If a work encourages us to view a narrator’s account of events
.with suspicion, the narrator (usually first- person) is called unreliable
dialogue usually, words spoken by characters in a literary work, especially as opposed to -14
.words that come directly from the narrator in a work of fiction
character an imaginary personage who acts, appears, or is referred to in a literary work. Major -15
or main characters are those that receive most attention, minor characters least. Flat characters are
relatively simple, have a few dominant traits, and tend to be predictable. Conversely, round
characters are complex and multifaceted and act in a way that readers might not expect but accept
.as possible. Static characters do not change; dynamic characters do
conflict-16
a struggle between opposing forces. A conflict is external when it pits a character against something
or someone outside himself or herself— another character or characters or something in nature or
society. A confl ict is internal when the opposing forces are two drives, impulses, or parts of a single
character
.Identification a person's sense of identity with someone or something -16.

children's identification with story characters.For example, In" A Handful of Dates" by Tayeb Saleh. "
The boy said about his grandfather, "I loved him and would imagine myself, when I grew to be a man,
tall and slender like him". another example, In "Dead Men’s Path" by Chinua Achebe, Nancy imitates
.the woman in the magazine
:Metaphor Meaning-17
A general term for almost any figure of speech involving comparison; more commonly, a particular
figure of speech in which two unlike things are compared implicitlythat is, without the use of a signal
such as the word like or as . For example ,in ' I Will Try Tomorrow ' by Mona Ragab the narrator said '
.'!release a waterfall that yearns to inundate the barren land
:Word
Personification
:Meaning
Personification is a type of figurative language in which a nonhuman subject is given human

.characteristics
:Word
Simile
:Meaning
A figure of speech involving a direct, explicit comparison of one thing to another, usually using the
words like or as to draw the connection. in ' A Handful of Dates ' by Tayeb Saleh the boy describes
' his grandfather beard 'white as cotton wool
:Metaphor
It’s useless to try to silence the hot hammer that is pounding on the gate of my fortress in order to
.liberate what is imprisoned behind it
:Personification
.when the silence receives me with open arms

.my little horse must think it queer
:Symbolism Meaning
Symbolism is the use of symbols. Symbolism plays an important role in many different types of
literature. It can highlight certain elements the author wishes to emphasize and also add levels of
.meaning
A symbol is something that represents something else. Sometimes a symbol resembles or closely
.relates to what it represents, but often the association is arbitrary
Example for the symbolism.. In "Dead Men's Path" by Chinua Achebe, the Path symbolizes the link
between the past and the future in Ndume village beliefs. The priest said," Our dead relatives depart
by [the path] and our ancestors visit us by it. But most important, it is the path of children coming in
to be born". When Michael obi closed the path, he disturbed the link that connects the souls of the
.living to thier ancestors. As a result, the young woman and her child died
:Essay format
.In "The title" by the author, Background + thesis
:Body1
:Body2
:Body3
.In conclusion, it is indicated that ,(restate the thesis)
:To write a solid literary essay, you should pay attention to the following •
.Don’t write ‘I’, ‘We’ or ‘us’ (first person). 2- Don’t misspell the author’s name -1
3- Don’t forget your introduction and conclusion.
4- Don’t write any slang words. 5- Don’t summarize the story. You need to
ANALYZE rather than SUMMERIZE it. 6- Avoid any irrelevant information
or events that never happened, e.g. In ‘Dead Men’s Path’, Mr. Obi is flexible
and balanced in handling situations.
7- stick to the historical present (present simple, present continuous and present perfect.
8- Don’t use contractions or short forms like don’t, doesn’t etc.
ESSAY FORMAT
1- INTRODUCTION PARAGRAPH
In the introduction, you should mention the name of the author and the literary work spelt
and punctuated correctly. Briefly summarize the story in no more than two sentences. End
.up with a thesis statement that addresses the essay question directly
2- BODY PARAGRAPH
• The body of your essay should include all the major points that are relevant to your thesis.
• For every major detail, provide an example that proves your argument from the literary
work.
• Avoid long sentences and make sure to use logical connectors..
CONCLUSION
• The conclusion reflects your opinion on the literary work discussed.
• Never include new ideas that may open new venues for discussion.
:Elements of short story
Setting: is one of the elements of the short story .it refers to the time, place and culture in which the
events of the story occur. It includes the general conditions, atmosphere, and moods. It is created to
shed light on the theme of the story. The setting can sometimes be the centre of the story. For
example, in " I Will Try Tomorrow" by Mona Ragab, the setting of the story is in Egypt because the
."narrator mentions the Nile in the story. The narrator said," The Nile sways to and fro
.Plot: is one of the elements of the short story. it refers to the arrangement of the events in the story
:The traditional story follows a pattern of
.Exposition: details of setting and characters is revealed
Rising actions: the build-up of events (complexities)
.Climax/turning point: is the highest point of the story
.Falling actions: events that happen after the climax
.Resolution: the outcome of the story
Conflict is an important element in the plot. It is the main problem which triggers all other
complexities. There are two types of conflict: External conflict (Man versus man, Man Versus nature,
.Man versus society); or Internal conflict (Man versus himself)
.Characters: this element refers to the people the authors create to inhabit their stories
The main character can be called as the protagonist. The other character(s) that is/are in
.combat/clash with the protagonist is called antagonist
Round/dynamic characters are the major characters who are able to change, and can be developed
.gradually throughout the story
Flat/static characters are the characters who are not able to change or develop throughout the
.story
:Point of view: it is the angle in which the story is told. The narrator of the story can be
First-person point of view: and it allows readers to see the actions/events through
.the eyes of one character. This narration style is told through the use of I or We
The omniscient narrator: the narrator knows everything about all the characters. He/she has an
unlimited access to characters’ minds. (uses third person pronouns like he, she, it and they)
Limited third person: The narrator can see the events like the readers and concentrates on the
consciousness of one character. This view grants a writer more freedom than first person, but less
.than third person omniscient
.)uses third person pronouns like he, she, it and they (
Theme: The main idea or the moral of the story. The theme reveals the meaning of the story.
.Examples of themes could be: romance, friendship, betrayal, survival, etc
Style: it refers to the author’s choices of words (diction), their sentence structure (syntax) and their
use of figurative language (irony, symbolism, imagery and metaphor). It also denotes the use of
.descriptive language, monologues, dialogues, etc
:The first story

.I Will Try Tomorrow by Mona Ragab
Why is it important that the story “I will try tomorrow “ is narrated by first person narrator? Would it
?be different if it was narrated by a third person narrator
In " I Will Try Tomorrow" by Mona Rageb, the story was written in a first-person narrator using the
pronoun I . Although the first-person narrator can be unreliable narrator, it reveals the protagonist's
true intent and bring the readers close to understand the internal conflict of the main character. For
instance, the narrator said," I steal away like a thief fleeing with his loot. My notebook,... ". However,
if the story was written in a third-person narrator, the readers will not understand the internal
conflict of the main character and how she describes herself a thief. The first-person narrator shows
.the readers how much she struggles everyday with only few sentences
In "I Will Try Tomorrow by Mona Rageb, the sad story is about a mother how struggles every night
trying to achieve her dream of writing without any progress. the setting which are the time, the
place , the humid air, and the dawn are symbols that represent the contradiction and the conflict
.between the freedom and imprisonment
The protagonist, the mother, has no time to achieve her dream of writing. She describes her strugles
with the time by saying ,"The pressure of time and innumerable obligations works against me".
Threfore, the time works against the protagonist and it symbolizes the imprisonment and it is one of
the external conflicts . Also, "The extremely humid air makes [her] retrace [her] steps to the
bathroom to wash [her] face several times". In other words, time slips through her hands like grains
of sand and The only time she gains a free time when every one is asleep. The narrator describes this
moment saying, "Nothing matters as much as this moment, which has presented itself to me, when
no one asks anything of me". The dawn is a part of the setting and it is a symbol of hope and a new
.beginning. However, the protagonist can't find hope,nor she can't has her new beginning on writing
The place of the story reveals another external conflict of the story. the narrator mentions The Nile.
The narrator said "The Nile sways to and fro with its silver". Therefore the setting is in Egypt. Also,the
narrator's daughter said," The pictures of the slain children in Lebanon haunt me". The daughter
refers to the Sabra and Shatila massacre that took place in Lebanon in 1982. In that time, Women in
Arab countries and the Middle East struggle a lot to get their rights and to achieve their dreams.
.Therefore, the protagonist cannot achieve her dream in the story with her imprisonment
In conclusion, it's evident that the place and the time of the story which represents the setting,
symbolize the relationship between freedom and the lost of it. The protagonist won't find the peace
.of mind to write as long the setting remains the same
In "I will Try Tomorrow" by Mona Rageb, the protagonist, the mother, does not forsake her dreams [
."of writing even if she said, "I throw the pen away
First, the title "I will try tomorrow" indicates the protagonist's determination to achieve her dreams
.of writing
Second, the protagonist's idea of her story portrays the true and honest love. the narrator said," the
story is born. "She fell in love with him, not knowing how or when". If she ignored her children to
write in the moment , she would lose her compassion and the idea of true love. Threfore, her idea
.will turly slip away from her finger
.Third, the narrator never said that she would give up on her dreams of writing in the story
In conclusion, even if the narrator said, "I throw away my pen" she would never forsake her
."dreaming of writing and " [she] will Try Tomorrow
In "I will Try Tomorrow" by Mona Rageb, the protagonist,the mother, does not give up on her :
dreams of writing even if she "throw the pen away". First, the title "I will Try Tomorrow" indicates
the protagonist's determination to achieve her dreams of writing. second, the protagonist's idea of
her story portrays the true and honest love the narrator said," the story is born. “She fell in love with
him, not knowing how or when". If she forsakes her children to presude her writing, she would loses
her compassion and the idea of true love.Therefore, her idea will slip away from her finger.Third, the
.narrator never said that she would give up on her dreams of writing in the story
In conclusion', even if the narrator said,"I throw away my pen" she would never forsake her
.dreaming of writing
In "I Will Try Tomorrow by Mona Rageb, the sad story is about a mother how struggles every night
trying to achieve her dream of writing without any progress. the setting which are the time, the
place
the humid air, and the dawn are symbols that represent the contradiction and the conflict between ,
the freedom and imprisonment. The protagonist, the mother, has no time to achieve her dream of
writing. She describes her strugles with the time by saying ,"The pressure of time and innumerable
obligations works against me". Threfore, the time works against the protagonist and it symbolizes the
imprisonment and it is one of the external conflicts . Also, "The extremely humid air makes [her]
retrace [her] steps to the bathroom to wash [her] face several times". In other words, time slips
through her hands like grains of sand and The only time she gains a free time when every one is
asleep. The narrator describes this moment saying, "Nothing matters as much as this moment, which
has presented itself to me, when no one asks anything of me". The dawn is a part of the setting and
it is a symbol of hope and a new beginning. However, the protagonist can't find hope,nor she can't
.has her new beginning on writing
The place of the story reveals another external conflict of the story. the narrator mentions The Nile.
The narrator said "The Nile sways to and fro with its silver". Therefore the setting is in Egypt. Also,the
narrator's daughter said," The pictures of the slain children in Lebanon haunt me". The daughter
refers to the Sabra and Shatila massacre that took place in Lebanon in 1982. In that time, Women in
Arab countries and the Middle East struggle a lot to get their rights and to achieve their dreams.
.Therefore, the protagonist cannot achieve her dream in the story with her imprisonment
In conclusion, it's evident that the place and the time of the story which represents the setting,
symbolize the relationship between freedom and the lost of it. The protagonist won't find the peace
.of mind to write as long the setting remains the same
?How does the setting help the story
In "I Will Try Tomorrow" by Mona Rageb, the narrator mentions The Nile. The narrator said "The Nile
sways to and fro with its silver". Therefore the setting is in Egypt. Also,the narrator's daughter said,"
The pictures of the slain children in Lebanon haunt me". The daughter refers to the Sabra and
.Shatila massacre that took place in Lebanon in 1982
In that time, Women in Arab countries and the Middle East struggle a lot to get their rights and to
.achieve their dreams. Therefore, the protagonist cannot achieve her dream in the story
:Second story
Dead men’s path by chinua achebe
In "Dead Men’s Path" by Chinua Ache, in the beginning of the story, the protagonist, Mr. Obi " hopes
were fulfilled much earlier than he had expected"; in the end of the story, He lost his hopes and his
job much earlier than he had expected. The protagonist, Michael Obi, has a major characteristics,
flaws, and weakness. the protagonist is an energetic, dynamic character, and He had many
wonderful ideas . The narratorsaid,"he had many wonderful ideas and this was an opportunity to put
them into practice”. With these characteristics, The protagonist thinks he is smarter and better than
the other characters in the story. For example, his wife and the priest. the protagonist's wife, Nancy
was "infected" by his "modren methods". The narrator said “In their two years of married life she
had become completely infected by his passion for "modern methods". The protagonist thought he
could infect the village culture the way he "infected" his wife. However, In the end of the story, He is
one of the reasons of the tribal-war between the school and the village with his "misguided zeal".
Another character in the story is the priest Anne, the antagonist. He is the principal opponent or foil
of the protagonist in the story. The protagonist, Michael, is an energetic , young, modern and
outspoken character, whereas the priest is a wise, peace maker, old, traditional and diplomatic
character. The priest is the complete opposite of Michael Obi. The narrator said"The village priest of
Ani called on the headmaster. He was an old man and walked with a slight stoop. He carried a stout
walking-stick". The protagonist has a heritage that links him to the Igbo tribes. His second name is
“Obi”. This name represents his heritage path. Because, "obi" means "heart" in Igbo, whereas his first
name
Michael” represents a new western modern path. In addition, his ambitions may relate to his past. ”
He wants to change Ndume culture the way he changed. The protagonist is 26 years old, but he looks
older. “ He was only twenty-six, but looked thirty or more” .The protagonist "sat folded in his chair".
The way he sat indicated the tiredness he went through every day. Although he appears to be a
young and energetic in his work, he pushes himself beyond his limits and loses his control
sometimes. The narrator said,"But he sometimes surprised people with sudden bursts of physical
energy". The way he critics the other characters and the way he enforces his ideas indicates that he
is unstable man . the protagonist planted a heavy sticks to close the path . The narrator said ,"Heavy
sticks were planted closely across the path at the two places where it entered and left the school
premises. These were further strengthened with barbed wire". In conclusion, it's evident that
Michael Obi's ambitions couldn't see the light, because his major mistakes of not knowing how to
.respect other's ideas. This is The most dramatic irony of them all
Nancy's dream-gardens came to life with the coming of the rains, and blossomed. Beautiful hibiscus
and allamanda hedges in brilliant red and yellow
Characterize Obi’s wife Nancy? Do you think that she can help him to succeed in modernizing the
.school? Explain
In" Dead Men's Path" by Chinua Achebe, the protagonist's wife, Nancy is a flat character ,and She
cares only about the appearances.Therefore, she can't help her husband to truly succeed in
.modernizing the school
Nancy was reading a western women’s magazine. She imitated the woman in the magazine, saying:
“A penny for your thoughts, Mike”. The idiom “a penny for your thoughts” was first used by English
statesman Sir Thomas More ,and it used to ask what someone is thinking about. although Nancy is
not a British woman, She uses a western idioms and calls Michael “mike”. clearly the readers can see
Nancy's identification with the western culture, and the reason for that is Michael Obi. The narrator
said," she had become completely infected by his passion for "modern methods"". Furthermore, In
the 1940s, women’s magazines featured a certain fashion lifestyle for women . For example, an
invariably smiling woman posing in colourful frocks with immaculate hairstyles and a beautiful
garden. Nancy needed the garden to complete this image to obtain the lifestyle of a modern Western
woman . the narrator said," Nancy's dreamgardens came to life with the coming of the rains, and
.blossomed
Beautiful hibiscus and allamanda hedges in brilliant red and yellow". She wants to be “the queen of
the school” like the queen of England. She wants other teachers' wives to envy her. So that, she can
.achieve the complete image of the modern European woman in the women’s magazines
In conclusion, Nancy in a static character who does not change, and she follows her husband blindly.
.she cares only about the looks ,so she couldn't help her husband, Mr.Obi, with his ambitions
In "Dead Men’s Path" by Chinua Achebe, the theme of identity was represented throughout the
.clash between the modernity of Mr.Obi and the tradititons of Ndume village
Michael Obi wants to change Ndume cultural identity in the shortest period of time. Mrs.Obi said ,"
shall have such beautiful gardens and everything will be just modern and delightful". Both Mr. and
Mrs. Obi thinks that modernity is just an appearances that can be borrowed from other cultures, and
that is why Obi’s plan failed. In other words, cultural identity is a process of formation, such as
.sculpting in rock, can't change easily
.Who is the protagonist of the short story Dead Men’s Path? Explain .3
The protagonist is the main person in the story. The event of the story revolves around him. For
instance, in " Dead Men’s Path" by Chinua Achebe the protagonist of the story is Michael Obi ,the
headmaster of the school, because all the story's events revolves around him. He is the first main
character who got introduced in the story. The narrator said int the first sentence , " Michael
Obi'swere fulfilled much earlier than he had expected". Moreover, Michael Obi is one of the main
reason of the tribal-war between the school and the village. The narrator said, " ...The "tribal-war
situation developing between the school and the village, arising in part from the misguided zeal of
".the new headmaster
in the end of the story, He lost his hopes and his job much earlier than he had expected. The ;" "
protagonist, Michael Obi, has a major characteristics, flaws, and weakness. the protagonist is an
energetic, dynamic character, and He had many wonderful ideas . The narratorsaid,"he had many
wonderful ideas and this was an opportunity to put them into practice”. With these characteristics,
The protagonist thinks he is smarter and better than the other characters in the story. For example,
his wife and the priest. the protagonist's wife, Nancy was "infected" by his "modren methods". The
narrator said “In their two years of married life she had become completely infected by his passion
for "modern methods". The protagonist thought he could infect the village culture the way he
"infected" his wife. However, In the end of the story, He is one of the reasons of the tribal-war
between the school and the village with his "misguided zeal". Another character in the story is the
priest Anne, the antagonist. He is the principal opponent or foil of the protagonist in the story. The
protagonist, Michael, is an energetic , young, modern and outspoken character, whereas the priest is
a wise, peace maker, old, traditional and diplomatic character. The priest is the complete opposite of
Michael Obi. The narrator said"The village priest of Ani called on the headmaster. He was an old man
and walked with a slight stoop. He carried a stout walking-stick". The protagonist has a heritage that
links him to the Igbo tribes. His second name is “Obi”. This name represents his heritage path.
Because, "obi" means "heart" in Igbo, whereas his first name ”Michael” represents a new western
modern path. In addition, his ambitions may relate to his past. He wants to change Ndume culture
the way he changed. The protagonist is 26 years old, but he looks older. “ He was only twenty-six, but
looked thirty or more” .The protagonist "sat folded in his chair". The way he sat indicated the
tiredness he went through every day. Although he appears to be a young and energetic in his work,
he pushes himself beyond his limits and loses his control sometimes. The narrator said,"But he
sometimes surprised people with sudden bursts of physical energy". The way he critics the other
characters and the way he enforces his ideas indicates that he is unstable man . the protagonist
planted a heavy sticks to close the path . The narrator said ,"Heavy sticks were planted closely across
the path at the two places where it entered and left the school premises. These were further
strengthened with barbed wire". In conclusion, it's evident that Michael Obi's ambitions couldn't see
the light, because his major mistakes of not knowing how to respect other's ideas. This is The most
.dramatic irony of them all
Discuss the symbolism of the path to the community and to Obi. 12. Do you approve of the .10
.community’s thoughts and actions? Discuss
In "Dead Men's Path" by Chinua Achebe, the Path symbolizes the link between the past and the
future in Ndume village beliefs. The priest said," Our dead relatives depart by [the path] and our
ancestors visit us by it. But most important, it is the path of children coming in to be born". When
Michael obi closed the path, he disturbed the link that connects the souls of the living to thier
ancestors. As a result, the young woman and her child died. There is still a very strong belief among
Africans that people under the age of 60 do not die of natural causes. But it is a work of evil.
Therefore, the priest must be consulted and a sacrifice must be made. However, if the population of
Ndume increases, the ancestors would have no problem with Mr.obi decision. Therefore, the
.authorities should build a hospital first to get Ndume villagers approval
.Discuss the symbolism of the path to the community and to Obi .10
.Do you approve of the community’s thoughts and actions? Discuss .12
ancestors. As a result, the young woman and her child died. There is still a very strong belief among
Africans that people under the age of 60 do not die of natural causes. But it is a work of evil.
Therefore, the priest must be consulted and a sacrifice must be made. However, if the population of
Ndume increases, the ancestors would have no problem with Mr. Obi decision. Therefore, the
.authorities should build a hospital first to get Ndume villagers approval
In "Dead Men’s Path" by Chinua Achebe, the story has been noted as an example of cultural
conflict. The two most prominent figurative language devices was symbolism and irony. The
elements of the story revolve around the conflict between the modernity and the tradition. the
events took place in Ndume village in Nigeria in the year 1949. Perhaps, The most important part of
.the setting was The path. Without the path there is no story
First, The protagonist " was appointed headmaster of Ndume Central School in January
1949”.Nigeria was ruled by the British Empire from the mid-nineteenth century until 1960. The
Ndume village follows the African traditional religion, whereas the authorities follow western
modernism. In other words, the Ndume villagers were considered a minority by the authorities at
that time. Ndume Central School is an unprogressive school which has always been dominated by
older, more traditional, and less well-educated teachers. “It had always been an unprogressive
.”school, so the Mission authorities decided to send a young and energetic man to run it
Second, the year 1949 was the boundary between two periods. As
we know, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights was written in December 1948. So, minority
rights and multiculturalism have not been fully implemented yet. Also, the “sound secondary
education” that Obi had was before the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Last but not least,
the African tradition religion is a dynamic religion. Therefore, it is relates to culture and society as it
affects their worldview of Ndume village. Even if the only people who still practice the rituals are the
elderly, such as the “old woman” and the “old priest”, the African traditional religion is still a part of
the cultural identity for the whole village. At the end of the story, a "tribal-war situation" develops
.”between the school and the village when the protagonist closes the road to "the path
In the end, “The path” is very important to the villagers. The life of the villager deponents on it.
“the path” symbolizes the connection between the past, the present and the future
Characterize Obi’s wife Nancy? Do you think that she can help him to succeed in modernizing the
.school? Explain
In" Dead Men's Path" by Chinua Achebe, the protagonist's wife, Nancy is a flat character ,and She
cares only about the appearances.Therefore, she can't help her husband to truly succeed in
.modernizing the school
Nancy was reading a western women’s magazine. She imitated the woman in the magazine, saying:
“A penny for your thoughts, Mike”. The idiom “a penny for your thoughts” was first used by English
statesman Sir Thomas More ,and it used to ask what someone is thinking about. although Nancy is
not a British woman, She uses a western idioms and calls Michael “mike”. clearly the readers can see
Nancy's identification with the western culture, and the reason for that is Michael Obi. The narrator
said," she had become completely infected by his passion for "modern methods"". Furthermore, In
the 1940s, women’s magazines featured a certain fashion lifestyle for women . For example, an
invariably smiling woman posing in colourful frocks with immaculate hairstyles and a beautiful
garden. Nancy needed the garden to complete this image to obtain the lifestyle of a modern Western
woman . the narrator said," Nancy's dreamgardens came to life with the coming of the rains, and
.blossomed
Beautiful hibiscus and allamanda hedges in brilliant red and yellow". She wants to be “the queen of
the school” like the queen of England. She wants other teachers' wives to envy her. So that, she can
.achieve the complete image of the modern European woman in the women’s magazines
In conclusion, Nancy in a static character who does not change, and she follows her husband blindly.
.she cares only about the looks ,so she couldn't help her husband, Mr.Obi, with his ambitions
The story was written in 1949 after the British had colonized Nigerian at the beginning of the
twentieth century. The colonizers despised the culture and beliefs of the Igbo people which they
.considered as barbaric and inferior. The meeting of the two cultures led to a conflict
.ancestors. As a result, the young woman and her child died
The protagonist, Michael, is an energetic , young, modern and outspoken character, whereas the
antagonist, the priest, is a wise, peace maker, old, traditional and diplomatic character. The priest is
the complete opposite of Michael Obi. The narrator said"The village priest of Ani called on the
."headmaster. He was an old man and walked with a slight stoop. He carried a stout walking-stick
when the priest says “‘Let the hawk perch and let the eagle perch” and believes that this
.would be the answer to the conflict
:The third story

.A Handful of Dates by Tayeb Saleh
1. Choose a paragraph from the story that deals with the relationship between the young boy
and the grandfather. Do a close reading and characterize this relationship?
2. At what point in the short story does the relationship between the young boy and his
grandfather change? Explain.
3. Characterize the grandfather. Quote from the text to support your interpretation.
4. Characterize the relationship between the young boy and Masood. Support with some
references to the story.
5. Who is responsible for what happened to Masood? Explain 6. Compare Masood and the
grandfather. Support with some details from the story.
7. Who is the protagonist of this short story? Support your discussion with some references to
the story.
8. Look up the meaning of the word ‘epiphany’. Is there an epiphany in this story? Support your
response with some references to the story.
9. In which point of view is this story narrated? Is there any significance to this? Discuss.
10. Discuss how the protagonist in this short story is different from the protagonists discussed in
I Will Try Tomorrow and Dead Men’s Path.
11. Comment on the ending of the short story A Handful of Dates. 12. Read the short story A
Handful of Dates and write a paragraph about the theme of the story.
13. Define the terms flat and round character and choose one example for each from A Handful of
dates. Justify your choice.
14. Which of the 3 stories discussed you like the most. Explain why.
Delete selected messages
At what point in the short story does the relationship between the young boy and his grandfather .2
.change? Explain
In "A Handful of Dates" by Tayeb Saleh, the relationship between the young boy and his grandfather
changes when he sees the humiliation of Masood by his grandfather in the harvest date. The
narrator said, "Understanding nothing, I looked at Masood and saw that his eyes were darting to left
and right like two mice that have lost their way home". Whenever the boy talks about Massod's
suffering, he says , "Understanding nothing" and "Without knowing why" because the pain and the
conflict is in his heart. Moreover, the boy hears his grandfather saying to Massod "You're still fifty
pounds in debt to me" and remembers that his grandfather wants to take all Massod's land , so he
.finally understands that his grandfather is a greedy, heartless, and merciless
Understanding nothing, I looked at Masood and saw that his eyes were darting to left and right like
.two mice that have lost their way home
.You're still fifty pounds in debt to me, said my grandfather to Masood. We'll talk about it later
In "A Handful of Dates by Tayeb Saleh, the short story is told through the eyes of a young boy as he
experiences an epiphany, a critical moment of awareness that perhaps marks his passage from a
child to an adult. The boy's love and admiration for his grandfather is diminished as the boy listens to
his grandfather describe Masood and observes the treatment of the man, for whom the young boy
feels a likeness. There are three themes in the story: the theme of Greed, the theme of Loss of
Innocence, and the theme of Empathy. the theme of Greed Embodied in the character of the
grandfather . the narrator learns of his grandfather's desire for Masood's land. The grandfather said,
“ wishes his grandfather wouldn't follow through on his opportunistic plan, but the grandfather
reveals more of his greed when Masood reluctantly invites them to the date harvest and the
grandfather's eyes sparkle with an intense brightness. Drunk with the power he holds over Masood,
the grandfather is indifferent to Masood's suffering during the humiliating spectacle of Masood's
date harvest being divided among his creditors. Having witnessed his grandfather's predatory nature,
.the narrator no longer idolizes him
Empathy
As a foil to the grandfather's greed, the narrator displays extreme empathy. While the grandfather
delights in Masood's downfall, the narrator repeatedly reads the discomfort in Masood's demeanor
and, as Masood's date harvest is divided amongst his creditors, the narrator feels the impulse to
stretch his hand towards Masood and touch the hem of his garment. At the end of the story, Masood
emits a sound that the narrator describes as being akin to a lamb being slaughtered; in response, the
narrator feels Masood's humiliation resonate within his own body as a sharp pain in his chest.
.Unable to bear the intense empathy he feels for Masood, the narrator runs from the scene
Loss of Innocence
Loss of innocence is another dominant theme in "A Handful of Dates." In the first third of the story,
the narrator establishes his innocence by outlining his daily routine as an untroubled boy who
performs well at the mosque, swims in the river, lets his imagination wander, and idolizes his
grandfather. As the story progresses, the narrator is forced to make sense of the fact that his
grandfather has been taking advantage of their neighbor's financial ruin. The innocent boy thinks it
doesn't matter who owns the surrounding land, as long as it remains the playground of his
imagination, but the grandfather sees the land as something to take from a man whose former
privilege he resents. By the end of the story, the narrator is disgusted by his association with his
grandfather: as he vomits up the dates the grandfather takes from Masood's harvest, the narrator
defines against his grandfather, forging a new identity that lacks his former innocence.
Characterizations
A Handful of Dates Characters
The Narrator
The unnamed narrator is the story's protagonist. Narrating from the present day, the narrator looks
back to a time when he was a young boy. Initially proud to be at his grandfather's side and to
memorize the Koran at mosque, the narrator's opinion of his grandfather changes when he realizes
his grandfather has been hoping for their neighbor Masood's financial and social ruin so that he may
.buy up all of Masood's land
The Grandfather
The grandfather is the primary authority figure in the narrator's life and chief antagonist. As a boy,
the narrator loves his grandfather and believes he is his grandfather's favorite grandchild. The
grandfather is very tall and has a soft white beard. But the narrator's high opinion of the grandfather
is shaken when he learns that the grandfather has been steadily buying up their neighbor's land,
.exploiting Masood's propensity to accrue debt
Masood
Masood is the grandfather's neighbor. Although he had inherited most of the land in the village from
his father, Masood steadily lost most of the land by selling it off to the grandfather. The grandfather
considers Masood to be indolent and judges him for marrying many times. At the end of the story, it
.is clear Masood is in debt to the men who come to take away sacks of dates from Masood's harvest
Hussein
Hussein is a merchant. At Masood's harvest, Hussein takes ten sacks of dates. His assistants load the
.sacks onto donkeys and camels, who strain under the weight
Mousa
Mousa is the man who owns a field next to the grandfather's property. Mousa is present at Masood's
date harvest and takes away five sacks of dates
feels a likeness. Style
A Handful of Dates Symbols, Allegory and Motifs
Throwing Up Dates (Symbol)
The narrator's decision to throw up the dates his grandfather handed him is a symbolic
representation of his rejection of his grandfather and his grandfather's greed. Nauseated by having
unwittingly taken part in Masood's public debt repayment, the narrator feels hatred and disgust
towards his grandfather, who enjoys the spectacle. In this way, throwing up the dates is a physical
.expression of the narrator's emotional need to disavow his grandfather
Heart of the Palm (Symbol)
The heart of the date-palm tree is a symbol of compassion. During the date harvest, Masood warns
the boys wielding sickles to be mindful not to cut the heart of the palm. Nobody pays much attention
to him aside from the narrator, who remembers an instance when Masood told him that palm trees
experience pain and joy just as humans do. With this recollection, it is clear that Masood has a
compassionate nature that stands in contrast to the greed the narrator sees in his grandfather.
Through his own compassion for Masood's suffering, the narrator understands on an intuitive level
.that he is more like Masood than his grandfather
A Handful of Dates Metaphors and Similes
Soft As Cotton Wool (Simile)

The narrator describes his grandfather as having a beard that is as soft and luxuriant as cotton wool.
In this simile, the narrator emphasizes the gentle quality of his grandfather's beard by likening the
.hair's texture to balls of cotton
Fell Into Masood's Lap (Metaphor)
While telling his grandson about how he acquired two-thirds of Masood's land, the grandfather says
that the land "fell into Masood's lap." In this metaphor, the grandfather makes clear his lack of
respect for Masood's privilege by stating that the land he inherited from his father had simply fallen
.into his lap, a phrase that implies Masood had put no effort into acquiring his riches
Swarming Like Ants (Simile)
During the date harvest, the narrator looks across the expanse and notices how other young people
are "swarming like ants around the trunks of the palm trees, gathering up dates and eating most of
them." In this simile, Salih likens the distant image of small figures collecting dates to a swarm of
ants, which suggests there is something automatic and hive-minded about the way the other young
.people behave
The Narrator Feels More Empathy for Masood than His Grandfather (Situational Irony)
Despite his deep admiration for his grandfather, the narrator finds himself disgusted by his
grandfather's greed and sympathetic to the plight of their neighbor, Masood. When the narrator
learns about how his grandfather has steadily acquired two-thirds of Masood's land, the narrator
.doesn't feel pride for his grandfather's success but rather pity for Masood
A Handful of Dates Imagery
Tribe of Giants (Visual Imagery)
The narrator describes how he loved to lie on the bank of the Nile and "give rein to my imagination
and picture to myself a tribe of giants living behind that wood, a people tall and thin with white
beards and sharp noses, like my grandfather." In this example of visual imagery, Salih conveys how
the narrator's admiration for his grandfather converges with his imaginative spirit. Gurgling of Water
(Auditory Imagery)
While reflecting on the pity he feels for Masood, the narrator recalls Masood's "powerful laugh that
resembled the gurgling of water." In this example of auditory imagery, Salih emphasizes the power of
.Masood's laugh by likening it to the sound of moving water
Felt Myself Drawing Close (Tactile Imagery)
At the end of the story, the narrator is compelled to reach out and touch Masood: "I felt myself
drawing close to Masood, felt my hand stretch out towards him as though I wanted to touch the hem
of his garment." In this example of tactile imagery, the narrator's desire to comfort Masood is so
.powerful that he feels in
feels a likeness. Themes
Greed
Embodied in the character of the grandfather, greed is a central theme in "A Handful of Dates." In
the middle of the story, the narrator learns of his grandfather's desire for Masood's fortunes to
continue flagging so that he may buy up the remaining third of Masood's land. The narrator wishes
his grandfather wouldn't follow through on his opportunistic plan, but the grandfather reveals more
of his greed when Masood reluctantly invites them to the date harvest and the grandfather's eyes
sparkle with an intense brightness. Drunk with the power he holds over Masood, the grandfather is
indifferent to Masood's suffering during the humiliating spectacle of Masood's date harvest being
divided among his creditors. Having witnessed his grandfather's predatory nature, the narrator no
.longer idolizes him
Empathy
As a foil to the grandfather's greed, the narrator displays extreme empathy. While the grandfather
delights in Masood's downfall, the narrator repeatedly reads the discomfort in Masood's demeanor
and, as Masood's date harvest is divided amongst his creditors, the narrator feels the impulse to
stretch his hand towards Masood and touch the hem of his garment. At the end of the story, Masood
emits a sound that the narrator describes as being akin to a lamb being slaughtered; in response, the
narrator feels Masood's humiliation resonate within his own body as a sharp pain in his chest.
.Unable to bear the intense empathy he feels for Masood, the narrator runs from the scene
Loss of Innocence
Loss of innocence is another dominant theme in "A Handful of Dates." In the first third of the story,
the narrator establishes his innocence by outlining his daily routine as an untroubled boy who
performs well at the mosque, swims in the river, lets his imagination wander, and idolizes his
grandfather. As the story progresses, the narrator is forced to make sense of the fact that his
grandfather has been taking advantage of their neighbor's financial ruin. The innocent boy thinks it
doesn't matter who owns the surrounding land, as long as it remains the playground of his
imagination, but the grandfather sees the land as something to take from a man whose former
privilege he resents. By the end of the story, the narrator is disgusted by his association with his
grandfather: as he vomits up the dates the grandfather takes from Masood's harvest, the narrator
.defines against his grandfather, forging a new identity that lacks his former innocence
feels a likeness. Characterizations A Handful of Dates Characters
The Narrator
The unnamed narrator is the story's protagonist. Narrating from the present day, the narrator looks
back to a time when he was a young boy. Initially proud to be at his grandfather's side and to
memorize the Koran at mosque, the narrator's opinion of his grandfather changes when he realizes
his grandfather has been hoping for their neighbor Masood's financial and social ruin so that he may
.buy up all of Masood's land
The Grandfather
The grandfather is the primary authority figure in the narrator's life and chief antagonist. As a boy,
the narrator loves his grandfather and believes he is his grandfather's favorite grandchild. The
grandfather is very tall and has a soft white beard. But the narrator's high opinion of the grandfather
is shaken when he learns that the grandfather has been steadily buying up their neighbor's land,
.exploiting Masood's propensity to accrue debt
Masood
Masood is the grandfather's neighbor. Although he had inherited most of the land in the village from
his father, Masood steadily lost most of the land by selling it off to the grandfather. The grandfather
considers Masood to be indolent and judges him for marrying many times. At the end of the story, it
.is clear Masood is in debt to the men who come to take away sacks of dates from Masood's harvest
Hussein
Hussein is a merchant. At Masood's harvest, Hussein takes ten sacks of dates. His assistants load the
.sacks onto donkeys and camels, who strain under the weight
Mousa
Mousa is the man who owns a field next to the grandfather's property. Mousa is present at Masood's
date harvest and takes away five sacks of dates
feels a likeness. Style
,A Handful of Dates Symbols

Throwing Up Dates (Symbol)
The narrator's decision to throw up the dates his grandfather handed him is a symbolic
representation of his rejection of his grandfather and his grandfather's greed. Nauseated by having
unwittingly taken part in Masood's public debt repayment, the narrator feels hatred and disgust
towards his grandfather, who enjoys the spectacle. In this way, throwing up the dates is a physical
.expression of the narrator's emotional need to disavow his grandfather
Heart of the Palm (Symbol)

The heart of the date-palm tree is a symbol of compassion. During the date harvest, Masood warns
the boys wielding sickles to be mindful not to cut the heart of the palm. Nobody pays much attention
to him aside from the narrator, who remembers an instance when Masood told him that palm trees
experience pain and joy just as humans do. With this recollection, it is clear that Masood has a
compassionate nature that stands in contrast to the greed the narrator sees in his grandfather.
Through his own compassion for Masood's suffering, the narrator understands on an intuitive level
.that he is more like Masood than his grandfather
A Handful of Dates Metaphors and Similes
Soft As Cotton Wool (Simile)

The narrator describes his grandfather as having a beard that is as soft and luxuriant as cotton wool.
In this simile, the narrator emphasizes the gentle quality of his grandfather's beard by likening the
.hair's texture to balls of cotton
Fell Into Masood's Lap (Metaphor)

While telling his grandson about how he acquired two-thirds of Masood's land, the grandfather says
that the land "fell into Masood's lap." In this metaphor, the grandfather makes clear his lack of
respect for Masood's privilege by stating that the land he inherited from his father had simply fallen
.into his lap, a phrase that implies Masood had put no effort into acquiring his riches
Swarming Like Ants (Simile)

During the date harvest, the narrator looks across the expanse and notices how other young people
are "swarming like ants around the trunks of the palm trees, gathering up dates and eating most of
them." In this simile, Salih likens the distant image of small figures collecting dates to a swarm of
ants, which suggests there is something automatic and hive-minded about the way the other young
.people behave
The Narrator Feels More Empathy for Masood than His Grandfather (Situational Irony)
Despite his deep admiration for his grandfather, the narrator finds himself disgusted by his
grandfather's greed and sympathetic to the plight of their neighbor, Masood. When the narrator
learns about how his grandfather has steadily acquired two-thirds of Masood's land, the narrator
doesn't feel pride for his grandfather's success but rather pity for Masood. Later in the story, the
narrator feels a similar pity for Masood when the men Masood is indebted to take away all the dates
harvested from Masood's trees. In this instance of situational irony, the narrator must reckon with
how the compassionate connection he feels to Masood overrides his loyalty to the grandfather he
.had once adored
Grandfather's Land Once Belonged to Masood (Situational Irony)

In the middle of the story, the narrator learns that his grandfather arrived in their village owning
nothing; over time, he bought up feddans of Masood's inherited land until he came to own two-
thirds of what used to belong to Masood. The narrator is surprised to learn this, because he had
.assumed the land had belonged to his grandfather since God created it
In this instance of situational irony, the narrator's naïve understanding of land ownership and
.opportunism are revealed
The Grandfather Becomes Indolent Himself (Situational Irony)
Although the grandfather claims to dislike Masood because he judges Masood to be "indolent" (i.e.
lazy and prone to avoiding exertion), the grandfather himself exhibits indolence during the date
harvest. While Masood and the narrator stand and oversee villagers harvesting the dates, the
grandfather sits on a stool and falls asleep; he only wakes once it is time to claim his share of dates
grown on another man's land and collected by other people. In this instance of situational irony, the
grandfather accrues enough land and power to himself become the indolent landowner he accuses
.Masood of being
A Handful of Dates Irony
A Handful of Dates Imagery

Tribe of Giants (Visual Imagery)
The narrator describes how he loved to lie on the bank of the Nile and "give rein to my imagination
and picture to myself a tribe of giants living behind that wood, a people tall and thin with white
beards and sharp noses, like my grandfather." In this example of visual imagery, Salih conveys how
the narrator's admiration for his grandfather converges with his imaginative spirit. Gurgling of Water
(Auditory Imagery)
While reflecting on the pity he feels for Masood, the narrator recalls Masood's "powerful laugh that
resembled the gurgling of water." In this example of auditory imagery, Salih emphasizes the power of
.Masood's laugh by likening it to the sound of moving water
Felt Myself Drawing Close (Tactile Imagery)
At the end of the story, the narrator is compelled to reach out and touch Masood: "I felt myself
drawing close to Masood, felt my hand stretch out towards him as though I wanted to touch the hem
of his garment." In this example of tactile imagery, the narrator's desire to comfort Masood is so
powerful that he feels in
Foreshadowing
The grandfather's eagerness to attend the date harvest foreshadows the humiliation Masood will
.suffer as his dates are divided among the men he is in debt to
......
.One Art by Elizabet Bishop

:One Art
In “One Art” by Elizabeth Bishop, the poem captures the feeling of loss for the reader. Although the
poem is mostly autobiographical, it acts as a mirror, forcing the reader to reflect on their own losses.
.There are three themes in the poem: The theme of Love, the theme of Sadness and the Transience
The theme of Love captures the meaning of love and how it effects when it is lost . People get
attached to everything and when these things get lost, it hurts. In the poem, the speaker loves
things, places, and people. The speaker said , 'Even losing you (the joking voice, a gesture I love) I
shan’t have lied the art of losing’s not too hard to master'. When the speaker loses her beloved
partner, she realized that it is hard to master the art of losing because the love is the most valuable
.thing in the world
Sadness
Sadness is like the big, fat, mopey elephant in this room. In "One Art," Bishop never comes right out
and says she’s sad about the many losses mentioned in this poem – in fact, she insists upon the
opposite (see "Lies and Deceit" for more on that). Rather than dwell upon the moment of loss or its
aftermath, the poem consciously pushes sadness off to the sidelines of the reader’s mind. However,
by summoning up our own memories of lost things and people, the poet reminds us that Sadness
.plays a very significant but unarticulated role here
Questions About Sadness
?If we take the poem at face value, what role does sadness play in it
?Does the poet admit her own sadness at any point in the poem
?What is the poet sad about here
?When do you begin to realize that the poem is, at its core, a sad one
Chew on This
The glib tone of "One Art" and the smoothness with which it glosses over the events of the poet’s life
.both contribute to the growing sense of sadness and resignation that dominate the last stanza
The art of losing’s not too hard to master
Though it may look like (Write it!) like disaster. (6.17-19) This breakdown in the familiar structure
of both refrains finally betrays the poet’s real feelings – the loss of the loved one addressed here
forces her to admit that some losses really do look and feel like disaster. The parenthetical
.command to "Write it!" shows us her own reluctance to admit to these feelings here
Transience
In "One Art," Elizabeth Bishop focuses upon one of the eternal truths of our world: that nothing is
eternal. The "art" she mentions in the title is in fact "the art of losing" (1.1), something familiar to us
all. This poem reminds readers that we lose things all the time in our everyday lives, both significant
and insignificant, and that no matter how much we love something, it won’t be around forever. The
poem asks us to reflect upon the losses we’ve experienced in our own lives, and to stop and think for
a moment about the way in which our worlds constantly change. Questions About Transience
Loss and transition are everywhere in this poem. Does anything remain constant in the world the
?poet depicts
?What is the significance of the loss of small things, like a door key or an hour
?Is it necessary to master the art of losing in order to get through life
Chew on This
The rapid accumulation of lost objects in "One Art" comments upon the ephemeral and
impermanent nature of human relationships. Lose something every day. Accept the fluster of
lost door keys, the hour badly spent. (2.4-5)
This odd command suggests that loss is a permanent state of unsettledness, and that only by
.accepting its inevitability can we learn to cope with it
In “One Art” by Elizabeth Bishop, the poem captures the feeling of loss for the reader. Although the
.There are three themes in the poem: The theme of Love, the theme of Sadness and the Transience
The theme of Love captures the meaning of love and how it effects when it is lost . People get
attached to everything and when these things get lost, it hurts. In the poem, the speaker loves
things, places, and people. The speaker said , 'Even losing you (the joking voice, a gesture I love) I
shan’t have lied the art of losing’s not too hard to master'. When the speaker loses her beloved
partner, she realized that it is hard to master the art of losing because the love is the most valuable
.thing in the world
In "One Art" by Elizabeth Bishop, the main idea of the poem is that the art of losing is a state of
awareness that you cannot master without experiencing loss first. The speaker said, "lose some thing
every day. Accept the fluster." You are what you are because of your losses and gains. You cannot
gain anything without losing something else. Moreover, the art of losing makes you accept the loss.
Because, loss is inevitable and nothing lasts forever. Therefore, you would appreciate the value of the
moments in your life. That's why, the speaker in the poem encourages the audience to "practice
losing farther, losing faster" to reach one art: the art of losing, the art of appreciation and the art of
.winning
The memories of our beloved person we've lost hurts us but at the same time keeps us alive. In" :
One Art"by Elizabeth Bishop, The speaker in the poem states that the art of losing is a state of
awareness that you cannot master without experiencing loss first, so The speaker encourages the
audience to "practice losing farther losing faster". However, in the last stanza, when the speaker
talks about the looseness of her beloved one "even losing you" , the speaker starts to forget her
memories. It is evident that when you lose a dear person who you care about, you will start to lose
other things you care about too. For example, your memories, including your skill of writing or even
speaking. The speaker said, " though it may look like [write it] like disaster. In the end, not every
."loose could help you achieve" the art of losing
The speaker talks about the art of losing and try to convince herself that it does not matter to lose
because "The art of losing isn’t hard to master ", but when it comes to the loose of her dear person,
the speaker faces the truth that the art of losing is hard to master. The speaker said, "I shan't have
"lied, the art of losing’s not too hard to master
?Why does the speaker encourage the audience to lose :. ]21:55 ,10/04[
.I started to think about the idea of losing and the art of losing
.It can make us sad with sadness, or it can make us appreciate what we still have
We could practice the art of losing with material things like houses and cities . However, on the other
?hand, can we practice the art of losing with non material things like love
The memories of our beloved person we've lost hurts us but at the same time :. ]22:04 ,10/04[
:keeps us alive. when you lose love, there is no material thing could replace it. Introducing
One Art” by Elizabeth Bishop, the poem captures the feeling of loss for the reader. Although the “
( background)
Thesis: Why is the poem called One Art? ( the important of the title) The poem called 'One Art'
because The speaker talks about the 'The art of losing' and claims that it is one of the most
.important art to learn and practice
Body paragraph: (talk about the importance of the 'art of losing' and why the audience must
:learn and practice it with example from the poem) Example
One Art" works on two levels; on the first, the audience can take the meaning of the title from the "
first line, and assume that the "art of losing" is the only art here. However, if the audience take a
closer look at the poem, the art of writing is also in the mix here – and that these two experiences,
losing something and crafting a poem, are inextricably interwoven. The "one art" of the title
.combines loss, coping with loss, and expressing the experience through verse
.Characterize the speaker in this poem
and tries to )round,complex, dynamic , lost her mother's watch , three houses, beloved partner (
teach the audience , but she could not manage to practice the art of losing herself in the last stanza (
don't forget to mention examples from the poem)
What is the mood and the tone of the poem? Support your answer with some references from the
.poem
The first tone in the poem, in the the first and second stanzas is a determined, calm and confident
tone and the speaker makes two claims: “the art if losing isn’t hard to master” and the “ loss is no
disaster”. Second, The tone shiftes to a nostalgic 'I lost my mother's watch' when the speaker
remembers her losses. In the last stanza, the tone also shifted again in a melancholic tone 'even
.'losing you
:The theme of loss: example
the main idea of the poem (the theme) is that the art of losing is a state of awareness that you
cannot master without experiencing loss first. The speaker said, "lose some thing every day. Accept
the fluster." You are what you are because of your losses and gains. You cannot gain anything without
losing something else. Moreover, the art of losing makes you accept the loss. Because, loss is
inevitable and nothing lasts forever. Therefore, you would appreciate the value of the moments in
your life. That's why, the speaker in the poem encourages the audience to "practice losing farther,
.losing faster" to reach one art: the art of losing, the art of appreciation and the art of winning
‫الشعر الثاني‬
1. Characterize the speaker in this poem. Support your discussion with details from the poem.
The speaker is a round character who loves nature , likes to mideate, and has obligations that differ
.what he likes
The woods are lovely dark and deep' , He will not see me stopping here to watch his woods full up '(
)'with snow' , 'The woods are lovely dark and deep but I have promises to keep
2. Discuss the relationship between the speaker and his horse? Refer to the poem to support your
ideas.
He calls his horse with the pronoun "He" (personification) and uses the word 'little' which
.indicates that he likes his horse (or on contrast, he under-estimates his horse)
.His horse does not like to stop in the middle of the snow and thinks it is queer to stop
3. Look up the word ‘symbolism in a literary dictionary, define the term and explain the symbols
that you find in the poem.
4. Comment on the tone and atmosphere of the poem. Refer to the poem for support.
5. What is the rhyme scheme of the poem? Do you think that it has any significance to the meaning
of the poem?
6. What is the theme of the poem? Write a paragraph and refer to the poem for support.
7. Many readers think that the poem shows simple language but deep meaning. Do you agree?
Explain.
8. Which of the two poems you studied so far you like more? Explain.
Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening

In "Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening" by Robert Frost, the poem is about a traveler who
decided to stop by the woods to watch the beauty of the snowy night. Then, he continues his
journey to keep his promises
‫المقدمة مهمة‬:
journey to keep his promises. The symbolism in the poem in the most importan element , and The
poem has lots of symbols (something that resembles something else) such as the dark wood
(symbolizes the mystery of the life...[you can any thing because symbols are convention
the snow, the horse(not sure about it, but the personification of the horse in the poem is ,
important) [personification is thethe attribution of a personal nature or human characteristics to
,something nonhuman] , and the traveler's journey ( the speaker). First
: The theme of nature

It plays a significant role in Frost’s poem “Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening.” Even the title
reveals the poem’s deep connection to nature. These lines describe the isolated, natural setting
where the speaker stops to simply observe and reflect in the calm and quiet of this winter scene.
Nature creates an ideal atmosphere for the speaker to escape responsibilities, village life, and reality,
even if just for a few moments. The speaker even imagines that his horse, a creature accustomed to
:human routine, feels confused as to why they’ve stopped in such a quiet, isolated spot. Repetition
There is a repetition of the line “and miles to go before I sleep” “and miles to go before I sleep
:‫ مثال آخر‬.“which has created a symbolic meaning for death
journey to keep his promises The literary devices in the poem are: symbolism, Imagery,
.personification, and repetition
Imagery: Imagery is used to make readers feel things through their five senses. The poet has used
the images for the sense of sights such as woods, houses, and lake, and these images help readers
see the woods a source of solace and comfort to a lonely traveler. Personification: personifies the
thinking of the horse mildly in the second stanza when it stops, and in the third stanza, he gives a
sign to the rider. “He gives his harness bells a shake/ to ask if there is some mistake.” It shows as
if the horse is a human being who understands his owner’s needs or inquires if they have to
stop. the speaker escape from reality. The snow symbolizes the purity and peacefulness the speaker
feels while stopping in the woods. (4) The darkness can symbolize many different things. Some times
darkness would be considered evil or dangerous, but I do not think this is the case in this poem. I
believe the darkness symbolizes the undisturbed atmosphere of the woods.Darkness may also
symbolize the mystery of the yet to be discovered secrets deep within the woods. (8) The silence
.makes the speaker feel secluded from all other aspects of reality
:Trifles
:Trifle
In "Trifles" by Susan Glaspell, John Wright has been strangled to death with a rope in his farmhouse
.and The main suspect of the crime is his wife. the ladies' attention allows them to crack the case
:However, they hide the evidents from the men and stood with Mrs. Wright. Trifle
Isolation
.The play paints a heart breaking picture of one woman's lonely life in an isolated farmhouse
MRS. HALE: (examining the skirt) Wright was close. I think maybe that's why she kept so much to
.herself
MRS. HALE: [...] She used to wear pretty clothes and be lively, when she was Minnie Foster, one of
.the town girls singing in the choir. But that—oh, that was thirty years ago
MRS. HALE:... We live close together and we live far apart. In "Trifles" by Susan GlaspellJustice,
.One of the major theme in the play is Justice and Judgment
Trifles flips the ideas of Justice and Judgment. when somebody murders another person, we think
they ought to be punished, but "Trifles" says otherwise. Ms. Hale and Ms. Peters both decide to help
.Ms.Wright to go free. In the play. The law is created entirely by men
Mr. Peter's and George Henderson both represent the law. George Henderson made a comment
about Ms. Peters saying, "a sheriff's wife is married to the law". That mean, the law is the the hand
.of the men
.In the end, the women will be controlled by men
If people followed the philosophy of this play, society would completely fall apart. No matter how
.bad we feel for Mrs. Wright the law has to be the law
The take on Justice and Judgment in Trifles is very similar to one the found in Antigone by Sophocles.
In both plays, females commit acts that seem emotionally just but break the laws of male dominated
.society
Freedom and Confinement
.SHERIFF: Well, can you beat the women! Held for murder and worryin' about her preserves
MRS. HALE: (examining the skirt) Wright was close. I think maybe that's why she kept so much to
herself. (58)
Here, we learn that Mrs. Wright basically had no friends. We wonder if it was Mr. Wright that kept
her confined to the house, or if she somehow confined herself out of sheer depression and lack of
.self esteem
MRS. HALE: [...] She used to wear pretty clothes and be lively, when she was Minnie Foster, one of
the town girls singing in the choir. This detail of Mrs. Wright's past stands out in sharp contrast to
.her life with Mr. Wright. Throughout, the play seems to equate singing with freedom
MRS. PETERS: (looking in cupboard) Why, here's a bird-cage. (holds it up) Did she have a bird, Mrs.
?Hale
probably the biggest symbol of Mrs. Wright's confinement that the play has to offer. It's an actual
cage, so it's sort of hard to miss. Notice how the play immediately equates Mrs. Wright with the bird.
We see a birdcage and then we're told that Mrs. Wright used to sing like a bird herself. The bird was
.trapped like Mrs. Wright was trapped; we totally get it
So after years of confinement by her husband, Mrs. Wright killed him by strangling him with a rope.
On one level, this is a fitting death because she's kind of doing to him what he did to the bird. In
"Trifles" by Susan Glaspell, John Wright has been strangled to death with a rope in his farmhouse
and The main suspect of the crime is his wife. the ladies' attention allows them to crack the case.
However, they hide the evidents from the men and stood with Mrs. Wright. there are five important
characters. Every character play an important part in the drama to create the conflict in the story.
Mrs. Hale, the protagonist isn't afraid to go up against men with authority. Mrs. Hale gets annoyed
.that Henderson disses Mrs
.Wright's housekeeping. Every time the Attorney tries to diss Mrs
.Wright, Mrs. Hale has a comeback
COUNTY ATTORNEY talked about Mrs. Wright when he saw the dirty towels , "Not much of a
.housekeeper, would you say, ladies?" and MRS HALE said to him, "Those towels get dirty awful quick
."Men's hands aren't always as clean as they might be
She has a guilt of not coming over to spend time with Mrs. Wright. the Wright house was cold,
gloomy, and depressing. A symbole for the cold relationship between them. The sight of the dead
.bird makes it all too clear the kind of horrible life Mrs. Wright had been living
!MRS HALE said, " Oh, I wish I'd come over here once in a while
"!That was a crime
In the end, along with Mrs. Peters, Mrs. Hale takes a stand against the male-dominated society by
.hiding the dead bird that could condemn Mrs. Wright of murdering her husband
Mrs. Peters, is Mrs. Hale's partner in crime, which might be kind of an unlikely role for a sheriff's
.wife
stage directions describe Mrs. Peters as "a slight wiry woman, [with] a thin nervous face" (Doesn't
sound like much of a rebel,Mrs. Peters makes excuses for the guys when they toss sexist comments
MRS. HALE: I'd hate to have men coming into my kitchen, snooping around and criticising. [...] MRS
.PETERS: Of course it's no more than their duty
In the end, along with Mrs. Hale, Mrs. Peters takes a stand against the male-dominated society by
Mr. Henderson, the antagonist, interrogates Mr. Hale on all the details about the crime. Mr.
Henderson, the County Attorney isn't as perfect as he originally seems. He do not respect the
.women in general
. "?He criticised Ms. Wright saying, "Not much of a housekeeper, would you say, ladies
It becomes really clear really fast that Henderson is a typical male of his time and only sees women
.as housekeepers. In his mind, any woman who fails at these things is a failure as a human being
.he represents the male-dominated society that the play is out to rebel against
Mr Hale is a part of the unjust society that does not respect the women. He makes the sexist
comment that gives us the title. He said, "women are used to worrying over trifles". He means that
.women only worry about things that don't matter
Henry Peters doesn't do much in play. He follows the County Attorney around without doing
.much
SHERIFF: Well, can you beat the women! Held for murder and worryin' about her preserves. He
against the women in the play too. The major struggles in the story could not be there without
.these five characters
.and The main suspect of the crime is his wife. the ladies' attention allows them to crack the case
.However, they hide the evidents from the men and stood with Mrs
.Wright
and The main suspect of the crime is his wife. the ladies' attention allows them to crack the case.
However, they hide the evidents from the men and stood with Mrs. Wright. there are five important
characters. Every character play an important part in the drama to create the conflict in the story.
Mrs. Hale, the protagonist isn't afraid to go up against men with authority. Mrs. Hale gets annoyed
.that Henderson disses Mrs
.Wright's housekeeping. Every time the Attorney tries to diss Mrs
.Wright, Mrs. Hale has a comeback
COUNTY ATTORNEY talked about Mrs. Wright when he saw the dirty towels , "Not much of a
.housekeeper, would you say, ladies?" and MRS HALE said to him, "Those towels get dirty awful quick
."Men's hands aren't always as clean as they might be
She has a guilt of not coming over to spend time with Mrs. Wright. the Wright house was cold,
gloomy, and depressing. A symbole for the cold relationship between them. The sight of the dead
.bird makes it all too clear the kind of horrible life Mrs. Wright had been living
!MRS HALE said, " Oh, I wish I'd come over here once in a while
"!That was a crime
In the end, along with Mrs. Peters, Mrs. Hale takes a stand against the male-dominated society by
Mrs. Peters, is Mrs. Hale's partner in crime, which might be kind of an unlikely role for a sheriff's
.wife
stage directions describe Mrs. Peters as "a slight wiry woman, [with] a thin nervous face" (Doesn't
sound like much of a rebel,Mrs. Peters makes excuses for the guys when they toss sexist comments
MRS. HALE: I'd hate to have men coming into my kitchen, snooping around and criticising. [...] MRS
.PETERS: Of course it's no more than their duty
In the end, along with Mrs. Hale, Mrs. Peters takes a stand against the male-dominated society by
Mr. Henderson, the antagonist, interrogates Mr. Hale on all the details about the crime. Mr.
Henderson, the County Attorney isn't as perfect as he originally seems. He do not respect the
.women in general
. "?He criticised Ms. Wright saying, "Not much of a housekeeper, would you say, ladies
It becomes really clear really fast that Henderson is a typical male of his time and only sees women
.as housekeepers. In his mind, any woman who fails at these things is a failure as a human being
.he represents the male-dominated society that the play is out to rebel against
Mr Hale is a part of the the unjust society that does not respect the women. He makes the sexist
comment that gives us the title. He said, "women are used to worrying over trifles". He means that
.women only worry about things that don't matter
.The major struggles in the story could not be there without these five characters

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Intentional

Literary Terms For the These terms are added

Short Story and Autobiography Poetry and

Antagonist Irony Alliteration

irony is a situation or statement characterized by a significant difference between what is expected

.Meter is the basic rhythmic structure of a line within a work of poetry

autobiography, the biography of oneself narrated by oneself .An autobiography is confessional.

.Image: visual image, sound, taste, smell, touch

Personification Meaning: Personification is a type of figurative language in which a nonhuman

a. Exposition: details of setting and characters is revealed.

b. Rising actions: the build-up of events (complexities)

d. Falling actions: events that happen after the climax.

e.Resolution: the outcome of the story.

.)uses third person pronouns like he, she, it and they (

.Identification a person's sense of identity with someone or something -16.

Personification is a type of figurative language in which a nonhuman subject is given human

.when the silence receives me with open arms

:Elements of short story

:The traditional story follows a pattern of

.Exposition: details of setting and characters is revealed

Rising actions: the build-up of events (complexities)

.Climax/turning point: is the highest point of the story

.Falling actions: events that happen after the climax

.Resolution: the outcome of the story

:The first story

?How does the setting help the story

Dead men’s path by chinua achebe

:The third story

A Handful of Dates Characters

Throwing Up Dates (Symbol)

Heart of the Palm (Symbol)

A Handful of Dates Metaphors and Similes

Soft As Cotton Wool (Simile)

Fell Into Masood's Lap (Metaphor)

Swarming Like Ants (Simile)

A Handful of Dates Imagery

Tribe of Giants (Visual Imagery)

Felt Myself Drawing Close (Tactile Imagery)

,A Handful of Dates Symbols

Heart of the Palm (Symbol)

Soft As Cotton Wool (Simile)

Fell Into Masood's Lap (Metaphor)

Swarming Like Ants (Simile)

Grandfather's Land Once Belonged to Masood (Situational Irony)

A Handful of Dates Imagery

.One Art by Elizabet Bishop

Questions About Sadness

?What is the poet sad about here

.Characterize the speaker in this poem

:The theme of loss: example

Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening

: The theme of nature

.In the end, the women will be controlled by men

Freedom and Confinement

.Wright's housekeeping. Every time the Attorney tries to diss Mrs

.Wright, Mrs. Hale has a comeback

."Men's hands aren't always as clean as they might be

"!That was a crime

.Wright's housekeeping. Every time the Attorney tries to diss Mrs

.Wright, Mrs. Hale has a comeback

."Men's hands aren't always as clean as they might be

"!That was a crime

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