Introduction. Page 2 Columns classifications. Page 3 Formwork and casting of concrete columns. Page 6 Cover of columns in design. Page 7 Details of reinforcement of longitudinal bars. Page 9 Stirrups ( Ties ) . Page 16 Eccentricity of columns. Page 26 Calculations of axial load acting on columns. Page 27 Design of axially loaded tied short column. Page 28 Ultimate load of column ( P ult ) . Page 45 Working load of column ( P w ) . Page 46 Construction details. Page 49 Example on design and reinforcement detailing. Page 56 Behavior of tied and spiral columns at failure. Page 63 Design of circular column with tied stirrups. Page 64 Design of circular column with spiral stirrups. Page 65 Page 72
Design of Short Columns.
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Practical Blacksmithing Vol. IV: A Collection of Articles Contributed at Different Times by Skilled Workmen to the Columns of "The Blacksmith and Wheelwright" and Covering Nearly the Whole Range of Blacksmithing from the Simplest Job of Work to Some of the Most Complex Forgings