Design of Long Columns.

Design of Long Columns Table of Contents.

Introduction. Page 3
Buckling Directions Page 4
Braced & unbraced columns. Page 8
Short & long columns. Page 19
Slenderness ratio b Page 21
effective height of buckling H e Page 24
Calculating the clear height Ho Page 25
Effective length factor K Page 26
Calculation of K using relative stiffness Page 29
Calculation of K tables in code. Page 37
Cases of end conditions of columns. Page 38
Determination if the column is short or long. Page 48
Calculation of moment due to buckling M add Page 52
Position & shape of M add Page 58
Design moment M des Page 62

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Design of Long Columns Table of Contents.
Minimum reinforcement of long columns. Page 68
If the dimensions of the long column are not given. Page 72
If the slenderness ratio b is equal in both directions. Page 73
Buckling of columns in plan. Page 74
Calculations of loads on columns using area method. Page 76
Loads & buckling of fence's column. Page 77
Column with circular section. Page 78
Column with irrigular section. Page 81
Euler's Critical Load Pcr Page 83
General examples on long columns. Page 86

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