Sociolinguistics

Socio”, means “Society” & “Linguistic” means “Study of Language”. So it shows

the relationship Between society and language. It is much important branch that
Linguists have studies it as a Whole Complete Subject.

According to Hudson:- Sociolinguistic is the Study of Language in relation to

Society.
According to William Bright:- Sociolinguistic explores the connection between
language and society And the way it is used in different social situation.

➢ First time this term was used in 1939

➢ This term then spread in Europe in 1960
➢ William Labor spread it in USA
➢ Basal spread this term in UK

Connection with other fields of study:-

It is related to the Anthropology, Sociology, Ethology, General Linguistic

Subject matter of sociolinguistic:-

❖ Variation in language (it means that, the king of a society, there is that kind of a
language) (If no hearing—we cannot speak)( If a child was brought up in isolation,
he will not able to speak the Language. So it means that a language is depend
upon a society—connected with a society)
❖ varities in a language is a subject-matter of Sociolinguistics
It has 2 kinds
(a) Variety within different language
(b) Variety within same language—regional difference (means there is a
difference between the Punjabi of Faisalabad & Lahori Punjabi.

Factors to build up a society-

• Socio-cultural environment
• Norms
• Ethnicity
• Gender (Sex)
• Age of a people

Factors which cause change in language:-

1. Nature of a Participants:- (Involved in the act of speech---that kind of a

relationship, there is That kind of a language)(Relationship between
speakers like talk different with father, son, Friend etc.)

2. Number of Participants:- ( face-to-face, Number of persons involve etc.)

3. Function of Speech event- ( mean speech of order, or suggest or request,

interrogative etc.—Language differs in perspective event)

4. Medium of Speech:- ( like speech, lecture, writing etc.)

5. Genre of Discourse:- (Language of a scientific research is different form
language of poetry, Similar language of prose is different from language of
letter etc.)

6. Physical Setting:- (environment of representation like noise, quiet etc.)