ee ee ee meee er ‘Onvo ‘raefrs, capacitor shige. for many years Inthe pat these ae the Fonction: ‘ners impamsentd sng 3 combination ental paral, sary rly shes, babs rears, wansczers ard exterave wrng aa eabing, In many apleaen ody, le Fercepton erably becnire developments substation equpnt have cpa he ‘sustain automaton (St) tne nen cncept. People sated adopting the changes ‘th eemnoigy substan Sk tr refers to obtaing information o dat tom “antl cammands rom rice ures contol power eytem dels. This enbig ne ‘secre uty reotely mn, conto and ceednata te erator components “he ea a subtmton superar contol ane ts aeguiton (SCADA) one okay tnoroving Rs rontaing and corral apabiites, because of coleced data bythe whole _ibtation automation ster, ke the nliget elec devices (D2), Reet Terminal Ute (ATU) and SCADA, substation equpmert ttcluses mireprcester-tased contol of paver system ‘equpmer, such ab cru breakers, vanstormers and apa banks. 1s receive data ‘rom senses ana poner equpmee, and can isu contol cammand, sich 2 ping Creu breakers they sense vote, carer, o requecyanomes, Fase lower protective reianng cevies, On Load Tap Changer carrer, creut reer control, tran finctons an nC 61859, the functor are acc tes fanesne. Each <9 funeton's performed by the 16 ntl inthe eben an can pero ane of Tre ‘SCADA computer syst fr catering an anaying rele data, These systems ‘eegrphealasplacement where an ecganisetan may nt have eneugh manpee! ‘covet Ths, alle communcaten and operably ef these areas o ste i ric to profabity. Te system commen indus process automaton syst wich is S86 {aes canta se for ather montana or eenaling purrs TUte highspeed mlcopocesor onal satronc devs that wterace objects the psc! world to a abated conta sate or SCADA yearby taneritong telerety datas a master system, ad by sig messges fom the maser super. speed Loca Area Netark (LAN use oars data ad conte! commands. resent, 12 umber of eterert 40 tctigues aa prctocal are in use Te Insti actly Eherat and Manufacturing Messaging Speciation an wil be comgatle wih he Uity ‘ne sbeatn 93 masta @aton arto ne aubmaton, Thee neice neue an or ceceated iphone nes, dsp phone ane, elle tlrety eehniaes sai ‘ransmissons, various favours ordi techngues and Nbr-opti eters. Basa, 25 ‘arty of cmuntatore methods recs the ably fo tranerit large arent Ircrmaton t+ apy csinng cst part The carnations LC bated devises and ange of okagee an cures, real and escive oer reuancy, power fact Iofermaton'savalaberegarin he netag eve or ely sero, the oct of ous, and teal. Specie sensors antranaduces are se to Bul database pane up 3 was say ot azomtonpossite. complex sereme for ane bur ans Sens Pickup ecuremets, Los anstarstatieen buts ane rastrmers cn be mace to protect against ranstomeroverzat. Bus votages and power factors canbe tahiy ‘etre to minimise oso votage variations. Supplmertary measurements an lon Automaton (3A) ‘Te decal substation if pre portance to the ect gern, transmission, apd dart yeti ond nae our major. + stenyarasubstazon a generating tation connects he generates tothe uty gris snc ale proves ote over to the lant. Generator suthyards tnd to be age Inenlavan tnt ae sypcnly einer nc anette byte pone ans csionere ad ae subject to planning, hance, and construction ears deren ram thas of {ype of fcty doped moe onthe caste’ requrrents than on uty need, ese stations provide ay snthing faites no poner tanstrmer) whereas cers fom vag cnversen as wel. Tes age station ypiealy serve as the ene eins er ranaison nes erighting om generator ateyarts ad rovide the ‘eral power for cts tat fed transformer satan, They are negra ne ong term reaity an tayo the lc sstem and ene large aunt of eerey tobe moved om te generar tothe eed centers. Syste stators ave stage prove te dstbstoncreuts that direct upp most customers. They ae tpl locate cose ote lone centers, meaning tat hey ae usa ested or nar the ralghtoraate tat hey pp ard ae te tation mos kal tobe anccurtre by cpeciy for zeatone nthe wanemizsion gi, Intronnarsng many Fstems Az ich Itreqes proper physi and cyber protection t nau unrteripted ana oath ‘sa system components: The SA sjstam uses any numberof devs nya into 2 “The componats othe 5 system ince VF CT, a PT sad for voRage, caret ane power tansarmer, accordingly. Acoring to TC 61850, the SAS aout strture in + taton ave resuneat PC base Himan machine Interac (ii) ens aea reaised aby eel 09. ala sto event Ist reted te he ee substan, forthe eyehronition othe nie system shall be prove ay vl bay comprise facut eeaer and ase aes, earth sites sa inetrment anstormer, A bay lel, he 1s provi al ye eto ich 23 contr are direc connected tothe stchear without ary nee or dation funetenng ent ated by ay fu eesaeng in any ene other bay contra! uns ot the sation, command outputs), monitoring (satus nations, measured value) ane ‘Proce lvl consis alte sth dvcs which are hardieusing copper ‘ables end use Re opi els to connect the by level ID's usd feet an + uman chine Intrtace (Hh) with proces database incudes Operation and supervision fequgrert, Data presentation, + Maser eck (04: GPS recener) here netced ard mentoring of Gas density, Surtehgear and Wentornr. + ey and station eve evs for contr meining nd protecton, “The sane features of SAS ae protection fr ll appears, conta with Reb system ‘unetons communication Wt are eps, se-siperison an aghast, signer narare ard stare, satel the-art miroprocesorechalogy, uset-Menly werspaces, nigh perormance and avatabiy, sp by ep possible mplerertton, user ‘nay sofnare tos Inthe utr, more comgonets wil facts te adoption of he aroitecur of he SAS yet ana pari ha batter poy dtbton of the rary ‘super, providing the ul advantage of he proces us Dr 6D Kamalapur cores epy Lc 3 Lighting India ee a ty 03 pot er Ea fy ‘emer l-aspartic nd Blectrical Indig. §—mtexsocs tess pessoas oe tesco Sra Coes Chor nl er Col en Race fopee Sets Pos ero Ivy rey Margene Ege Fa, eter, Grate iets au nee Pe, [ep owns, tor ee Rene Surge abe tr fewtonsrcarntrs Sy ‘Sora sme eters Stet ts Sates SORES TEM TheralPont TaOMp Taster Ot “Tonstamos TonansnUsttaos Hansen Ua supe Protea Dees