Name Class Date

Section 8-1

Summary
Carbohydrates, Fats, and Proteins (pp. 192–199)
Foods Supply Nutrients
Key Concept: Carbohydrates, fats, and proteins can all be used by the body as
sources of energy.
• Nutrients (NOO tree unts) are substances in food that the body needs. Nutrients
are used to regulate bodily functions, promote growth, repair body tissues, and get
energy. There are six classes of nutrients.

Foods Supply Energy

Key Concept: When your body uses the nutrients in foods, a series of chemical
reactions occurs inside your cells. As a result, energy is released.
• Metabolism (muh TAB uh liz um) is the chemical process by which your body
breaks down food to release energy. Metabolism also involves the use of this
energy for the growth and repair of body tissues.
• The amount of energy released when nutrients are broken down is measured in
units called calories.

Carbohydrates
Key Concept: Carbohydrates supply energy for your body’s functions.
• Carbohydrates (kahr boh HY drayts) are nutrients made of carbon, hydrogen, and
oxygen.
• Simple carbohydrates are also known as sugars. Complex carbohydrates include
starches and fiber. Fiber is found in plants and cannot be digested.

Fats
Key Concept: Fats supply your body with energy, form cells, maintain body
temperature, and protect your nerves.
• Fats are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, but in different amounts than in
carbohydrates.
• Unsaturated fats have at least one bond in a place where hydrogen can be added to
the molecule. Saturated fats have all the hydrogen atoms the carbon atoms can
hold.
• Cholesterol (kuh LES tuh rawl) is a waxy, fatlike substance.
• Trans fats are made when hydrogen is added to fat in vegetable oils.

Proteins
Key Concept: The most important function of proteins is their role in the growth
and repair of your body’s tissues.
• Proteins contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen.
• Amino acids (uh MEE noh) are smaller substances that make up proteins.
Name Class Date
Section 8-1

Note Taking Guide

Carbohydrates, Fats, and Proteins (pp. 192–199)
Foods Supply Nutrients
1. Put a check mark next to the best answer.
The body needs nutrients to
_______ a. regulate bodily functions.
_______ b. promote growth.
_______ c. repair body tissue.
_______ d. obtain energy.
_______ e. all of the above.
2. Select the three classes of nutrients that supply your body with energy.
_______ carbohydrates _______ water
_______ minerals _______ fats
_______ proteins _______ vitamins
Foods Supply Energy
3. Put a check mark next to the correct answer.
The chemical process by which the body breaks down food to release energy is
called
_______ a. nutrients.
_______ b. metabolism.
_______ c. nutrition.
_______ d. calories.
Name Class Date

Section 8-1: Note Taking Guide (continued)

Carbohydrates
4. Complete the concept map about carbohydrates. Use the words from
the box below.
sugars rice candy
starches nuts complex

5. What percentage of your daily calories should come from carbohydrates?

_______ a. 25 to 35 percent
_______ b. 65 to 80 percent
_______ c. 45 to 65 percent
Name Class Date

Section 8-1: Note Taking Guide (continued)

Fats
6. Compare unsaturated and saturated fats by completing the Venn diagram. Write
similarities where the circles overlap, and differences on the left and right sides.
Use the phrases from the box below.
found in vegetable oils, nuts, and seeds found in animal fats
can lead to heart disease can fight heart disease

7. Why does the body need some cholesterol?

_______ a. to make cell membranes and nerve tissue
_______ b. to build up emergency reserves of fat
8. Why can too much cholesterol in the diet be harmful?
_______ a. Too much cholesterol can damage the liver.
_______ b. Too much cholesterol can lead to blockages in blood vessels.
9. Which of the following statements is true of trans fats?
_______ a. Trans fats have many of the negative health effects of saturated
fats.
_______ b. Trans fats have few of the negative health effects of saturated fats.
Name Class Date

Section 8-1: Note Taking Guide (continued)

Proteins
10. Complete the outline by adding important details about proteins.
I. Proteins
Proteins are nutrients that contain nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, and
oxygen. Proteins play an important role in the growth and repair of
the body’s tissues.
A. Amino acids
small units that are bound together chemically to form proteins;
absorbed into bloodstream and reassembled by cells to
form the proteins the body needs
B. Essential amino acids

C. Complete and incomplete proteins

D. Daily protein intake

E. Proteins for vegetarians