( nxmi|Page No Dat | Srbegaatiag Factors by. Inspeation_mesnad 4 rou oC | Jndeqvatiog | Exact oirteremfal | Tess. Facto i Equaston. i | 4 i aetdy 2d Ctog ine yd actiy | saa ana a pee eae eel acy? de + aothy dy Hs fs aia Ly dx+xdy . League] ees 2 (yaar ay safe 3. ce Ct : py sree ey Sid Frere | ad ye xt ye a : [ine Ly dx x4¥ - as_yy le a sy | yAax>xdy . ) ! a [ 204 fe) ny hi my | | I I : caf 4, lxndxtydy) 2 ax dxt ay dy edixtty") ae lax dx bt ay du aye) I SEES : { A Peog cxtt yh) J | [Ses jaxdxt ay dy Lode gy” foc z yh” a ae ty ap tt yl Dene aa-7)of [ Integrating See NO | Gomur ack Differ atiay : (itearns te Pa ckee oeEg anon ae | fee A 5. _idy de addy | xy dx ak dy ci | eae A dey) L I IL on 6. ly drvax dy iy lyide + ary dy = ST J J J = cry) 1 4 | ar eae Te Joy de=xdy) ha eee t= rey a laiea | a 7 aaa Teaiaannise I ¥ = =} ax dy~ydy 9 Laxey dy-yide 2 dy) xa I a Scop) Ex | Solv dy = y da = 3xt ott yb) dx. Sa orfven _cthah. I me dy - y de = axk cxtey), dx Ofvidfng ne eq” by _cxtty") fa ey y de 2 aye de axttyt ma i (y\7 = 403) ica) | Solve ay Camy + eX) dx = 6% oly = Ghren thabx fee —_y_(axy, qpes)ud~ i Saxys de 4+ y.e™ dx - 6% dy =o | Dividing the eq” by 44, 2 dy dx +¥etdx~ et dy = 6 Re i | = diz") pd fer) = 0 y 7 ——p new, Tategeating en > bath «tne stdes aetna at Fe | a : 3 sx! | Salve _y da = % dy = Bxtyie™ da =o = > | Given hat 3 yide- x dy- sxtyae* qx = 0 | 3 | my dea x dy = atyre™ dx Dividing the ca” by y* z : Ye sie AY ey siete midis. yd a cd iii cs elite) SIZoe | linear _Ditrerential equation 2= : j | A _digeferentia) eq” ts. said de be Ifneox ty | {the dependent variable amd _f4s__derfvalfve ory} 1 ———jonlyin_the erst _deqaee andar mak | muttfplfed —tegether, | = {The Faoxm age the _Ifneaw _equatton oF the ————_| Bis onder Pes aE | ___#9 + por y = oir) dx : : —_|1t_is_also . known + as - Leibniie’s linear equat} the of the given Ifneaw eq?” is _gfven by, ycr.e) = ff @oy- (redder ¢ TR a = rohe: oleae! Sirf lady SR Pap X= Guy f also a. Lineaw dy F DE. 6 alin 2 _as__dependentvarfable. and as ————j Independent vasvtable and fis colutfan fs XCE£) =f @ay (I £ddyt Tray e ciel where TF fi a hwo SS) a ae ee ae CMox, 8010, De, 801, Pow aoig ) = | ohe given DE. fs linear one = Ls. P= sin oc af | COS & ae | QO= e = |ptt he aie te sa eae ge 4 tye) = fg. (he) +c L = aeeaes is = ts % Rico choca colce-c i ae cee ee Sue ola a = OSX - ee =i Sdetre eee a E =COS 2 =» y Ke Rte ee, = 40) 2 fs i L | which fs 4 opquierd solutlors emma « fs om posbitrasy, comstamt ext] solve cxs) 49 —y = 2? cxei® ax iP (Jun. aoiu, Dec. aole ) cane given D-E 7. eu uae = ocx? dx cer) (xt1) = ay - ¥ = e?* exer) dx (ott) Fuss whicn fs a l?neo: DE. aa, Oe at ena Neda cast) TP ae SLaxmi Page tic | Laxmi? + 1 + € t Sag 1 4 a : =e. 1 . | Hog RAT — eae - a i = (tH) ane i | cassie ant) ] 4 Ht | ; al tee 1 Th gS is ff —yhe) = fo.cre) dx +c se ae yt anf cea] dx tic fori) usAd | | 3x ier se +ea wg CeAETD Ty, tegen ya: oe Ee oe stent pO eta sae coneine nee = par yt) e-ieiien | Chae OU n f=) Ball erat th Pa Pe oer ae= a |) cbr? de + i 5 z a> OOF) sib a = a ae 2 = a - go Gket) dt dx +c _ ate 2 a 7 y cetee" = per x +e -which fs a wequiareal _solutian end cfs an __ Latter 0 ng en Al exten CO es en Ee een les yo = emt id. CD: dojo). => | che ofven O.6. %s Inear. which can be written as, f-MemC1Y gepedad crate MN IOI dx : a sista PAS ==) Qe rrr Trae = flrs) de= (PF 3 LOG) ie =3 COG mae cas ae tog © Z : 4 | rc 3 Z , - — le. the g.s. { _— | | yY(re) = J @-cre) dx+ | | ee) ag = = Lod mn a ee eee oe ee 1 x po yew Pe sa hee eo il esas S| | | due = fet car? paces *) pede) $e oy relia xian Jet Come apeed) nd Ee alCLaxmi Page No.Beomontti's Equatfow.s A_differendfal _equatton_of the. Form AY. Pe). y>_Qiny yr ts cattecl Besnowi', ax goaeeee * equation . aa sacs F a a. fo From eq 1, op GUM Eee Px) Eye C) Gi) aa Cia Sane dv pix) v = @ix) U=n) dx a m= AY +f ciem) pew), vs Cem) ix) + dx which 7 a _lineax DE. Wn variabl amd — Ff Iinear equation= 3 ee ae pene cD eaeer oto) ene posers Eohemegiven OE seis Pema Veqdatin el : acy) a) ze tip y= a ee ay? dy. dv : dz dx CQ Se 1 me ow 7 a cee 2 dx a es | | : 7) From. Q cr) yo St y2 du 7 + i yy = =s ey an J x | Me Prin OWN pov = iseauae a dx “4 = 2 ov =-ax? % 1 vat viand x re gry] i OR =e WAI) x 7 TP te = 2 - td: € Fe = Peenee{Laxmil? Ses Sea cle cae which $s a requived anbiteaay constant, Cele x4) = x2 sain olutfam and ¢ is aa oly exs| 43 + T os {May dol Jun aos) —~ = The Dernalits —countion ! Le ides by oY —| ead sy a - xt BeeCnee42 AY erie du f eaeone ee du Hail a a | From eq” z ony ¢ -e4 dv 5) pee eco = se a dx a8 ee £- ON. Sralls ev) doe BS _| which ts * Ifmea if vomed eS) | me fl 2 res SP OX Ease! = = ve x “The i (phe) =. J @. cer) dee 7 yj) a =f Lidx + ¢ x~ Joye x z fee ec = ae even aaetl ney ° ° lu? % ose and %s_an__arbitrary _constont.fore Mb hater 149) 8 ore ji ee equation, OO) Psi ll we tints MLO) 4% CMasy-a0) |) vastables vor»% =ax x opm) e aj oaa dx +e se =e ace ay > ve e Seva): Fa =u ae Hae => ve @ meee Ear! See | =A z z % FAK ed Suu ies € T aa 3 aa [covey ahaa eine al creme! =-@) J | $0 x= 0 = 0,5. oO oO ae = ee } “from eq” (2) 2 ae eer ae = +3: fs _q_—wequixed solutionHe 40 _Lineay :— Non - Hineax 9. E.__neducible tO Ft “3 Pincl the soluttam of the — differential « | yeX dx + (ay + e%) du Be - __( Ma The given 9 alice Sees = *) dyso —ye= dee cay te os [dr p%= y = et dx - du dy ay t = oh + MF =a Cs @yeq” a) oy ee ——jhich__is_o _ifnear _0.¢ tn _temms of u andy oO. P= 1 and @=-Q 4 Tropa y sala} = fi dy e aaa | E ROG yg | - =_y ss (ofa) = f Qcy)- tte) dy nel += a a ee ed =) ee | n Porn ef’ (a) yetaiyts 0 nich 1s a required y dy = -x dx | a Sei [By Intearatfon J | 2 a E | eS xteye sac AA pay = o o> oly” = AY=O oe Sacer @) eoLaxmilPagey {oate = ges fs. eee ere Ope yoo Ubryts se) ty= 8) = 0. sittin! which fs required _soluston. ez en an oe Py 4 fapy fo Zhe. given, p.e._%s of degree 3. ___ aA ae jibe pie Yee oo in —— ee porto : - aca (p-1) cpt+pri) = 0 a peers |_ Now, Pp au rt Ji-4qwu au) $m a ob me See | a | _| Ee eee equation _ oid Se eae - Leaf = poe Veet By) tos) fox (ety papa] ; Now, p=1 =o SD dy = dx 1 2 Sys et ayo y -7 y- f 1+ Bil ¢ 20 t a b | —= J oe _| Also, px {=1=Bi) - 6 BEBesuiss ae | a > dy = - /-1-.3' ) xe U ae, Sacaeecl ee- etOU) neloe a Sys -(-1- Bi) xc | Se | => y+ [-1-i) x-6 +0 L | a acme eaeiGes ts = ig Weence Ween Lyte aN) =e) (ya tGixnc)= ke C 4 Lwhich fc the required solution Si {a VA = coke 7 9 + x3 210 ax / oe — th gen O.£.is of degree a ee ae p= ty = — dett ee de 2 [GSEs dy, = xd ys at ee a 7 ayn wizac =o (3y= 23 ac) Cay x2- ac) =o tohich is the required _solutfon, HA loa Wivaaat $ Soly of apy cot x» = yA Lancs y" (i+ copz) = ¢ ly dy — de fs 4x -y ax dy y rte aust Cay=c) (yk dcp = 0