Revision

Pack
5ths
Geography
For Mock
 Assessment Information

Your mock will be based on the 4 areas we have studied:

• Coastal Environments
• Hazardous Environments
• Economic Activity and Energy
• Urban Environments

Still to do that is not on your mock:

• Fragile Environments and Climate Change

• Fieldwork
 Hazardous Environments
What do I need to learn?
 1) Write out the definition of a hazard and the definition of risk.

2) Create a table that groups different types of hazards into Geological, Climatic
Technological and Biological.

Try to come up with 3 options for each category in your table.

3) Write out the definition of earthquake, tropical cyclone and volcanic eruption.

Add in the definitions of active volcano, dormant volcano and extinct volcano.

4) Create a table like the one below and complete it for tropical cyclones, earthquakes
and volcanoes.

• Characteristics mean what does it look like. For example Tropical cyclones have particular
wind speeds, an eye, cumulonimbus clouds, low pressure. Think about the structure of the
storm.
• Distribution means where do you find these hazards in the world. Be specific. Give place
names, latitudes etc.
• Measurement means how do measure the size of each hazard. Earthquakes have three
measurement tools.
• When you fill out the table ensure that you are writing at least two sentences for the
distribution.

Hazard Characteristics Distribution Measurement

Tropical Cyclones
Earthquakes
Volcanoes

5) Draw and annotate a diagram that has 4 – 6 points that clearly explain how a tropical
storm is caused.

In your annotations make sure you include the following: ocean temperature, atmospheric
pressure, wind shear and Coriolis force.

6) Write out the definition of a plate boundary. Give two examples of named plate
boundaries.
 7) Draw and annotate a diagram of a constructive plate boundary.

• Write out four points to explain how a volcano forms.

• Add in an example of a constructive plate boundary.

8) Draw and annotate a diagram of a conservative plate boundary.

• Write out four points to explain how an earthquake forms.

• Add in an example of a conservative plate boundary.

9) Draw and annotate a diagram of a destructive plate boundary.

• Write out four points to explain how an earthquake forms.

• Write out four points to explain how an volcano forms.
• Add in an example of a destructive plate boundary.

10) Draw and annotate a diagram of a collision plate boundary.

• Write out four points to explain how an earthquake forms as well as mountains.
• Add in an example of a collision plate boundary.

11) Write out a definition of a hotspot. Give an example of a chain of volcanoes that
formed due to hotspots.

12) Create a mindmap that explains the different reasons why people stay in hazardous
areas.

Your mind map should include social and economic and environmental reasons. For example, money
(or lack of), education levels, family, management, scenic landscapes, fertile soils are just some.
Then shade the ones which relate to a volcanic area in a different colour.

13) Define the term vulnerable.

 14) Write out 3 developed points that explain why LICs are more vulnerable to hazards.

One point should be linked to economics (money), one to social (health) and one to physical
location.

• Make sure you include the following within your points: lack of education, lack of
preparation and planning, poor prediction methods, poor communication methods, access
to healthcare and money in response to hazardous events is limited. Distribution so are
certain countries within the Pacific Ring of Fire for example. Socially who is more vulnerable
– Rich/Poor, old/young/babies etc.
• For each point develop it and explain why this means people are more vulnerable. Try to use
‘this means that..’ within your sentences.
• Under the paragraph can you write a separate sentence that shows an example of a country
or place that is vulnerable to hazards and include case study evidence to explain why so
many people died or suffered.

15) Write out 3 developed points that explain why HICs are less vulnerable to hazards.

One point should be linked to economics (money), one to social (health) and one to physical
location.

• Follow the same ideas mentioned above but do the opposite. Eg good education, well
prepared etc.
• Under the paragraph can you write a separate sentence that shows an example of a country
or place that is vulnerable to hazards and include case study evidence to explain why so
many didn’t suffer due to government intervention.

16) Define long term impact and short term impact.

• Write down 3 examples of short term impacts and long terms impacts for each of the
following: Tropical cyclones, volcanoes and earthquakes.

17) Create 3 small mind maps or 3 tables for each case study on long term and short term
impacts of:

• an earthquake event you studied

• a volcanic eruption you studied
• a tropical cyclone event you studied

• Your table or mindmap should include background information, 4 short term impacts and 4
long term impacts.
 18) Create a table that details the preparation needed to be undertaken for earthquakes.

Your table should include detailed points on:

• Earthquake warning methods – radon gas, foreshocks, satellites

• Evacuation – what should you do if you are in a room? Where do you go if you are outside?
Give an example of a country that practices evacuation exercises.
• Building design – Name 4 different ways you can make a building earthquake proof and
explain how it protects the building.
• Remote sensing – How do laser beams and satellites help predict earthquakes?
• GIS – What does this mean? How can it be used for preparation?

19) Create a poster for a developed country you have studied that had an earthquake
event.

Your poster should include:

• What prediction and preparation methods were undertaken? Try to include the points from
the table task above.
• What short term responses and relief occurred? Include emergency aid, shelter provided
and supplies.
• What long term responses happened? Include risk assessment, hazard mapping and
rebuilding programmes.

20) Create a poster for a developing or emerging country you have studied that had an
earthquake event.

Your poster should include:

• What prediction and preparation methods were undertaken? Try to include the points from
the table task above.
• What short term responses and relief occurred? Include emergency aid, shelter provided
and supplies.
• What long term responses happened? Include risk assessment, hazard mapping and
rebuilding programmes.
Coastal Environments
 1) Write a short paragraph that explains how the coast acts as a system. Include what
inputs and outputs it has.

2) Draw and annotate constructive waves and destructive waves. Name 3 characteristics
of each.

3) Explain what ‘fetch’ is.

4) Define the term ‘erosion’. Then explain the four erosional processes – attrition,
hydraulic action, abrasion and corrosion/solution.

5) Define the term ‘weathering’. Then explain the three weathering processes –
mechanical (physical), biological and chemical.

6) Define the term ‘mass movement’. Then explain the different types of mass
movement – rockfall, slump rotation and mudflow and landslides.

7) Draw and annotate a diagram of longshore drift. Write down 4 points that explain the
process.

8) Draw and annotate diagrams that explain the process of the following erosional
features:

• Concordant coastline – coves

• Discordant coastline – headlands and bays
• Cliff formation and wave cut platforms
• Caves, arches, stacks and stumps

Ensure that your explanation for each diagram has 4 clear points.

9) Draw and annotate diagrams that explain the process of the following depositional
features:

• Beaches formed by either constructive waves or cliff retreat.

• Spits
• Bars

Ensure that your explanation for each diagram has 4 clear points.
 10) Geology - Write 2 developed points that explain how rock type can affect the
coastline. This should link with discordant and concordant coasts.

11) Vegetation – Write 2 developed points that explain how vegetation can affect the
coastline.

This should link in with sand dunes and mangroves.

12) People – Write 2 developed points about how people can affect the coastline.

This can link with tourism, pollution, deforestation, industrialisation and development.

13) Sea level Change – Write 2 developed points that explain eustatic and isostatic change.

• Explain two isostatic features – relic cliffs/ relic beaches and how they form.
• Explain two eustatic features – fjords/rias and how they form.
• Can you give an example of each?

14) Write 2 points about the distribution (where in the world) do you find each of the
following:

• Mangroves
• Saltmarshes
• Coral reefs
• Sand dunes

Make sure you write names of countries and latitudes is applicable.

15) Write two developed points about each of the named ecosystems above about what
factors can influence their distribution.

Eg light, temperature, water depth, vegetation, type of waves.

16) For each ecosystem name 3 main features that it has.

Eg mangroves – thick waxy leaves, large arched roots.

17) Define abiotic and biotic.

 18) For a named ecosystem you have studied make a table to show 4 abiotic features and
4 biotic features it has.

19) Create a mind map that shows the threats that ecosystems can face.

Make sure you include the following:

• Industrialisation
• Agricultural practices
• Tourism
• Deforestation

Make sure your points are developed and you should try to explain why it is damaging to the
ecosystem.

20) Draw a table and write down three examples of conflicts that may occur at the
coastline between different groups of people.

Ensure that you clearly explain the conflict in the box for 3 marks.

Eg of a conflict = local caravan park owners vs the council.

21) Draw a table to show the different causes of coastal flooding:

Ensure that you clearly explain how it causes coastal flooding for 3 marks,

Causes include:

• Tsunami
• Storm surges
• Climate change

22) Draw a table to show the different prediction and prevention techniques.

Prediction includes:

• Forecasting methods – Met Office

Prevention includes:

• Education – what do we do when it floods? Where do we find that information?

• Building design – what can do to stop the effects of flooding on our buildings?
• Planning - what rules are there on where we are allowed to build?

23) Define hard and soft engineering techniques.

 24) Make a table to show the different hard engineering techniques below.

Hard engineering techniques:

• Groynes
• Revetments
• Sea walls
• Gabions
• Rip rap

Then add an advantages box and disadvantages box and ensure that you write at least one of each
beside the technique.

25) Make a table to show the different soft engineering techniques below.

Soft engineering techniques:

• Beach replenishment
• Cliff regrading
• Ecosystem rehabilitation
• Revegetation
• Managed retreat

Then add an advantages box and disadvantages box and ensure that you write at least one of each
beside the technique.

26) Explain what a shoreline management plan is. How is it helpful in managing
coastlines? Why might it not be helpful?

27) For a named developed country create a poster to show the coastal management that
is being undertaken there.

Your poster should include

• The conflicts at the area

• Prediction and prevention methods being used there
• Hard and soft engineering techniques that have been put in place
• An evaluation of those techniques

28) For a named developing or emerging country create a poster to show the coastal
management that is being undertaken there.

Your poster should include

• The conflicts at the area

• Prediction and prevention methods being used there
• Hard and soft engineering techniques that have been put in place
• An evaluation of those techniques
 Economic Activity and Energy Revision
What do I need to learn?
Revision ideas to help me learn this topic:

1) Write out on flashcards the definitions of:

Economic sector, primary industry, secondary industry, tertiary industry and quaternary
industry.
Include an example for each.

2) Draw out and label the Clarke Fisher Model.

Can you include a one sentence annotation for each economic sector that describes how
many people are employed in each sector at each time zone stage. Eg 70% people employed
in primary industry in pre-industrial times.

3) Write a paragraph that clearly explains why there has been a transition of people
from the primary sector to the secondary sector and then tertiary sector.
Key points to include: mechanisation, rural-urban migration, loss of jobs, improvement in
education, more disposable income, more money spent on services.

4) Create a mindmap to explain the factors that affect the location of economic
activities and how these change over time.
The factors include:

• Primary – availability of raw materials, availability of a labour force and then

mechanisation means less need for a labour force over time.
• Secondary – availability of raw materials, energy source, mechanisation means less
need for a labour force over time.
• Tertiary – government policies can mean deindustrialisation, a more educated
workforce, tertiary sector in towns and cities, more disposable income which is then
spent on services.
• Quaternary – light industry can locate in different places, needs an educated
workforce.

5) Add to your mindmap why the numbers of people in each economic sector change
in a different colour.
The reasons include the following options: including the availability of raw materials,
globalisation, mechanisation, demographic changes and government policies. Can you
explain one of these or give an example?
 6) Create a table to show the positive and negative impacts of economic sector shifts.
For your named developed country eg UK and named emerging or developing country eg
Vietnam.

7) Write down 3 causes of informal sector employment and two advantages and two
disadvantages in a named megacity.

8) Draw the Malthusian graph and Boserup graph.

For Malthus write one paragraph explaining how population links to resources. Can you give
two examples to support the Malthusian Theory. For Boserup write one paragraph
explaining how population links to resources. Can you give two examples to support the
Boserup Theory.

9) Write out three reasons that explain the increase in energy demand.

10) Draw a table that includes 3 non-renewable energy sources and 3 renewable
energy sources

Create a disadvantages and an advantages column for each. Can you come up with two for
each energy source.

11) Create a mindmap of your developed country and your developing or emerging
country case study.

In each mindmap it should include:

• Reasons for energy demand – why has it increased?

• The non renewable energy sources they are using.
• Sustainable energy methods they are considering.
 Urban Environments

What do I need to learn?

 1) Write out the definitions of: counter-urbanisation, urbanisation, suburbanisation,
megacity.

2) Write a paragraph that describes the trends of urbanisation in developed countries

over the past 50 years.
Try to ensure you have four sentences and 2 statistics in your description.

3) Write a paragraph that describes the trends of urbanisation in developing

countries over the past 50 years.

Try to ensure you have four sentences and 2 statistics in your description. Now put a star
next to the paragraph that indicates which group of countries have had the largest increase
in urbanisation in the last 50 years.

4) Write out three developed points that explain why urbanisation is occurring most
quickly in developing countries. These are the factors that affect the rate of
urbanisation.
Make sure you include: economic development, population growth, rural-urban migration.

5) Write out the definition of a megacity. Add an example of a megacity to your

definition.

6) Write down two developed points about trade links that explain why megacities
often locate in coastal regions.

7) Create a mindmap that explains the problems cities face. It should include the
following: congestion, transport, employment, crime and environmental issues.
Can you add one example of a city that has a specific problem with one of the following
mentioned to your mind map. Can you add a statistic?

8) Draw and annotate the Burgess Concentric Ring Model and the Hoyt Model.
Can you add one sentence about each ‘ring’ or ‘wedge’ to illustrate why those certain land
uses locate in those particular areas. Eg why does industry locate in a wedge shape on the
Hoyt Model? If you cannot do this for each sector then work through the next activities.
 9) Create a table about the factors that affect urban land values:
Locational needs - transport routes, closeness to resources, energy source, space for parking
(retail), attractive landscape and facilities, close to a workforce. What are the specific needs
for each economic sector?
Accessibility – transport routes. Where do primary, secondary and tertiary locate? Why can
retail now move out of the CBD?
Land values – who pays the most for their location? Retail, Residential, Industry? Why?

10) For a named developed country create a mind map to show specific case study
problems.
These should include: food, energy, transport, waste disposal demands, concentrated
resource consumption and segregation.

• Add two statistics to evidence each problem.

• Can you add a management strategy for each problem to your mindmap.

11) For a named developing or emerging country create a mind map to show specific
case study problems.
These should include: squatter settlements, informal economy, urban pollution and low
quality of life.

• Add two statistics to evidence each problem.

12) Write out a definition of a greenfield site and a definition of a brownfield site. Add
two advantages and two disadvantages of the greenfield site. Add two advantages
and two disadvantages of the brownfield site.

13) Create a table that shows the developments that happen at the rural-urban fringe.
On the left hand side of the table you need to include the developments: housing estates,
retail, business and science parks and industrial estates.
On the right hand side of your table try to explain with two developed points why these
development locate there. Use point 9 to help you think of answers. Eg Retail now needs
lots of space for car parks.
 14) For a developed country case study create a poster to show:

On one side of the poster it should include strategies that were used to make urban living
more sustainable.

• These include: waste disposal, transport, health, education, employment and

housing.
• Ensure that there is at least two statistics to go with each section.
• Now add an evaluation to each section – was it successful?

On the other side of the poster pick out the different people who were involved in the
process.

• These include: planner, politician, property developer and industrialist.

• Write out a developed point for each person or group to explain what they did to try
and make urban living more sustainable in the chosen area.

15) For a developing or emerging country case study create a poster to show:

On one side of the poster it should include strategies that were used to make urban living
more sustainable.

• These include: waste disposal, transport, health, education, employment and

housing.
• Ensure that there is at least two statistics to go with each section.
• Now add an evaluation to each section – was it successful?

On the other side of the poster pick out the different people who were involved in the
process.

• These include: planner, politician, property developer and industrialist.

• Write out a developed point for each person or group to explain what they did to try
and make urban living more sustainable in the chosen area.
Practice questions – Figures are at the end of each question section
Other past paper questions: