STUDENT STUDY MATERIAL (LECTURE: EYELASH EXTENSIONS)

Name of the Student:________________ Name of the instructor:________________

This material gives an overall summary of eyelash extensions. Use this as a reference to
complete your learning of this topic. Read the material and answer the assignment in your
own words.

INTRODUCTION:

Eyelash extensions are a cosmetic make up application used to enhance the length, curl,

fullness, and thickness of natural eyelashes. The extensions may be made from several materials

including mink, silk, synthetic, human or horsehair. The main method of applying the extensions

is by using a cyanoacrylate adhesive to apply the extension(s) to the natural lash 1–2 mm from

the base of the natural eyelash, never making contact with the eyelid.

Eyelash extension comes with a huge benefit. They will make your eyes ‘pop’, and noticeably

more dramatic yet feminine. The lash extension creates effortlessly beautiful eye line, curl, and

length of the lashes. 

HISTORY:

In 1879, James D. McCabe wrote The National Encyclopædia of Business and Social

Forms, where, in the section "Laws of Etiquette," he stated that eyelashes could be lengthened by

cutting the ends with a pair of scissors. Other beauty books, such as My Lady's Dressing

Room (1892) by Baronne Staffe and Beauty's Aids or How to be Beautiful (1901) by Countess C

also state that the trimming of eyelashes along with the use of the pomade Trikogene benefit

eyelash growth. Countess C also suggested that eyelashes can be given extra length and strength

by washing them every evening with a mixture of water and walnut leaves.

In 1882, Henry Labouchère of Truth reported that "Parisians have found out how to make false

eyelashes" by having hair sewn into the eyelids. A similar report appeared in the July 6, 1899

edition of The Dundee Courier which described the painful method for elongating the lashes.

The headline of which read, "Irresistible Eyes May Be Had by Transplanting the Hair." The

article explained how the procedure achieved longer lashes by having hair from the head sewn

into the eyelids.

In 1902, German-born hair specialist and noted inventor Charles Nessler (aka Karl Nessler or

Charles Nestle) patented "A New or Improved Method of and Means for the Manufacture of

Artificial Eyebrows, Eyelashes and the like" in the United Kingdom. By 1903, he began selling

artificial eyelashes at his London salon on Great Castle Street. He used the profits from his sales

to fund his next invention, the permanent wave machine. A permanent wave machine was

commonly called a perm and involves the use of heat and/or chemicals to break and reform the

cross-linking bonds of the hair structure. In 1911, a Canadian woman named Anna Taylor

patented false eyelashes in the United States. Taylor's false eyelashes were designed using a

crescent-shaped strip of fabric. The fabric had tiny pieces of hair placed on them.
Another noted inventor of eyelash extensions is Maksymilian Faktorowicz, a Polish beauty guru

and businessman, who founded the company Max Factor.

In 1916, while making his film Intolerance, director D. W. Griffith wanted actress Seena

Owen to have lashes "that brushed her cheeks, to make her eyes shine larger than life." The false

eyelashes which were made from human hair were specifically woven piece by piece by a local

wig maker. The eyelashes were adhered using spirit gum, commonly used for affixing wigs. One

day Owen showed up to sit with her eyes swollen nearly shut, her co-star Lillian Gish, wrote in

her memoir.

By the 1930s, false eyelashes were becoming more acceptable for the average woman to wear.

This shift in cultural opinion was largely due to the influence of film actresses that were seen

wearing them on screen. Featured in Vogue, false eyelashes had officially become mainstream

and given the Vogue stamp of approval.

In the 1960s, false eyelashes became the centerpiece of makeup. During this era, eye makeup

that gave women big doll-like eyes was very common. They achieved this look by applying false

eyelashes on both the top and bottom eyelashes. Models like Twiggy helped popularize this trend

and is often associated with it.

In 1968 at the feminist Miss America protest, protestors symbolically threw a number of

feminine products into a "Freedom Trash Can". These included false eyelashes, which were

among items the protestors called "instruments of female torture" and accouterments of what

they perceived to be enforced femininity.

In 2008, Aesthetic Korea Co., Ltd. began to manufacture products as semi-permanent eyelashes,

which became popular in Korea. Since then, several similar companies have started to set up,
which has had a considerable impact on neighboring countries, including China and Japan.

However, due to South Korea's annual rise in labor costs, many manufacturers have moved from

South Korea to China or Vietnam.

In 2014, Miami-based Katy Stoka, founder of One Two Cosmetics, invented the magnetic false

lash as an alternative to those that utilize glue. Today magnetic eyelashes are becoming more and

more common, with many mainstream brands like Ardell and To Glam, offering more affordable

options. However, these are false eyelashes and not eyelash extensions.