A

SUMMER INTERNSHIP PROJECTREPORT ON

“A Study On Market research analysis on e- learning is an innovative boon in educational

industry done at unschool.”

For the partial fulfilment of the requirement for the

award of the degree of

MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION

SUBMITTED TO: SUBMITTED BY:

Dr. Ghazal Singh Ankit Bhati

MANGALMAY INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT & TECHNOLOGY GREATER

NOIDA (U.P.)

Dr. A.P.J. ABDUL KALAM TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY,

LUCKNOW

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 Mangalmay Institute Of Management & Technology
AN INSTITUTION OF MANGALMAY FOUNDATION TRUST
Campus: 8 & 9, Knowledge Park – II, Greater Noida (U.P.) Ph: 0120-2320400, 2320401.
Institution Office : C – 116, Sector – 39, Noida – 201301 (U.P) Ph: 0120-2500381, . 2572237, 2570428
E Mail:info@mangalmay.org, Visit us at: www.mangalmay.org

Certificate

This is to certify that Mr. Ankit Bhati University Roll No. 2001520700013 is a regular student
of MBA 2nd year, full time degree course at out institute. His Project Report work titled,
‘“Market research analysis on e- learning is an innovative boon in educational industry
done at unschool submitted as part of the curriculum for the award of the degree of Master of
Business Administration from Dr. A.P.J.ABDUL KALAMTECHNICAL UNIVERSITY,
LUCKNOW, is an original work done by him/her. This work has not been submitted earlier in
any form partially or fully to this or any other Institute/University for any degree or diploma.

Dr. Ghazal Singh (Dr. Shweta Kulshrestha)

Supervisor Head of Department Director

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3
 Student Declaration

I, Ankit Bhati bearing University Roll No. 2001520700013 of APJ University, Lucknow,
enrolled as student of MBA-II year at Mangalmay Institute of Management & Technology,
Greater Noida, solemnly declare that the project report titled, “A Study On Market research
analysis on e- learning is an innovative boon in educational industry done at unschool’
embodies the results of original research work carried out by me and the same has not been
submitted in any form partially or fully for award of any diploma or degree of this or any other
University/Institute.

Name:- Ankit
Bhati
Roll No.:-
2001520700013

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The Satisfaction and euphoria that accompany the Successful completion of any task is
incomplete without the mention of people who made it possible. So I take this as a great
opportunity to pen down a few lines about the people to whom my acknowledgement is due. It is
with the deepest sense of gratitude that I wish to place on record my sincere thanks to Dr.
Ghazal Singh, my project guide for providing me inspiration and valuable suggestions
throughout the project. I would also like to thank all my respondents for giving me their
valuable time and information.

Ankit Bhati

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Table of contents

S. No Contents Page No.

1. Summary/Company Profile 7 - 18
2. Introduction of the Study 19 - 57
3. Literature reviews 58 - 61
4. Objective of the Study 62
5. Research Methodology 63
6. Analysis of Data 64 - 73
7. Conclusion and Recommendation 74
8. Bibliography 75
9. Annexure(Question) 75

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INTERNSHIP SUMMARY
I was an unschool community influencer and my entire internship was from work from home
only. My external factor was the UCL of the HR team MR. Putt Vamsi. The work he asked me to
do was to reach people in an extended market and educate professional students, teachers and
parents about unschool and tell them about the beneficiaries offered by unschool only. Later in
my internship I got promoted as an unschool community leader ,I was trained to hire marketing
influencers under me and train them was the part of my leadership area. I was asked to train them
by helping them to create brochures for the company, providing them literature provided by the
company, solving their grievances through meeting everyday , motivating them to achieve team
targets by coming up with creative ideas.
Through this internship my strength and weakness by learning from books. I acquire certain
knowledge in how to retain employees and what theory the company follows through my
external mentors. Thi was all about my internship as a whole. I can say I was on a learning
process throughout my internship.

COMPANY PROFILE

The inspired act of venturing beyond the conventional ways of education.

Learning through methods crafted for each individual's specific needs.

In a world where learning only comes from our formative years in school and college, Unschool
is the new, easy, and definitive path for keeping up with the 21st century. It is the platform where

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you can finally stop trying to fit in a system crafted for the masses and learn in a unique way that
brings out the best version of YOU.

Unschool is a market-place for everyone who has the knowledge to share or a skill to teach, to
coach inspired individuals wanting to learn. Learning should never cease to be part of life.
Hence, we aspire to have teachers come host courses on our platform and coach a generation of
learners. We, at Unschool, believe that teaching is not meant only for conventional teachers, but
in the idea that anyone and everyone can teach (and learn).

Recognised and Awarded

• Embassy of India
• Digital Learning Portal 2019
• The new Indian Expresses
• Embassy of India, Kathmandu Nepal
Unschool is an e-mentorship platform that allows students, graduates, young Professionals,
entrepreneurs and “anyone with the curiosity to learn” to create an online Learning ecosystem
that fits their needs and industry demands. Correspondingly, Unschool is a marketplace where
learned individuals or subject matter Experts are able to coach younger, inspired minds in their
own fields. Beginning their Journey with a psychometric test, our users are able to identify what
course would be Best suited for them. Unlike Massive Open Online Courses, which are driven
by traditional collegiate Coursework, we try to optimise alternative learning and teaching
methods by Merging career counselling, self-paced learning, personalised mentorship, and
Individualistic online courses delivered by industry experts.
Services provided by Unschool
Online Coaching
Online Mentoring
Online Education
Online Learning and Teaching
Edu tech
E-Learning
E-Mentoring

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Online Coaching
Online tutoring is the process of tutoring in an online, virtual, or networked, environment, in
which teachers and learners participate from separate physical locations. Aside from space,
literature also states that participants can be separated by time.
Online tutoring is practiced using many different approaches for distinct sets of users. The
distinctions are in content and user interface, as well as in tutoring styles and tutor-
training methodologies. Definitions associated with online tutoring vary widely, reflecting the
ongoing evolution of the technology, the refinement and variation in online learning
methodology, and the interactions of the organizations that deliver online tutoring services with
the institutions, individuals, and learners that employ the services. This Internet-based service is
a form of micropublishing.

Online Mentoring
E-mentoring is a means of providing a guided mentoring relationship using online
software or email. It allows participants to communicate at their own convenience and beyond
time zones since it eliminates the need for them to be in the same physical location. Its programs
are often developed to enhance morale, increase productivity, and promote career development.

Online Education
Online education is a form of education which is delivered and administered using the
Internet. ... Often however, instructors in face-to-face courses will utilize the Internet to some
degree to share resources and provide learning opportunities outside of the classroom. This is
considered web facilitated learning.
Online education is electronically supported learning that relies on the Internet for
teacher/student interaction and the distribution of class materials.” ... With online education,
students can turn anywhere with Internet access and electricity into a classroom.
Online Learning and Teaching
Online teaching and learning refers to education that takes place over the Internet. ... Online
education, often called distance education or web-based education, is currently the latest, most

9
popular form of distance education. It has recently become an integral part of many university
programs.
Online learning is certainly the more effective option for students, but it’s also better for the
environment. The Open University in Britain have found that online courses equate to an average
of 90% less energy and 85% fewer CO2 emissions per student than traditional in person courses.

Edu tech
Educational technology (commonly abbreviated as EduTech, or EdTech) is the combined use
of computer hardware, software, and educational theory and practice to facilitate learning.. When
referred to with its abbreviation, EdTech, it is often referring to the industry of companies that
create educational technology.
In addition to practical educational experience, educational technology is based on theoretical
knowledge from various disciplines such as communication, education, psychology, sociology,
artificial intelligence, and computer science.. It encompasses several domains including learning
theory, computer-based training, online learning, and m-learning, where mobile technologies are
used.

ORGANISATIONAL STRUCTURE
The organisational structure consists of 3 level of working that are as follows:-
UNSCHOOL COMMUNITY INFLUENCER :- Its an initial level of working where and an
influencer will approach the market with the help of their contacts in various institution and will
educate people about unschool and beneficiaries about taking courses from unschool.

UNSCHOOL COMMUNITY LEADER:- Its a position comes after UCI in this designation a
person will hire their own team by conducting an interview to those who are applying for the
position of community influencer. After the hiring process i done the leader will lead the team by
induction and regular meetings and will train them to achieve targeted consumers.

UNSCHOOL COMMUNITY CHAMPION:- In this designated position a person becomes

manager and will lead various teams with their respective leader under them by giving targets
and will educate them and solve their grievances regarding achievement of team targets .
Community champions are basically a managerial position where they have to lead a cluster of
team that their hired as community leader.

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HR FOLLOWS
For every employees they already have a pre-defined career path which is provided which ensure
the career development. They do not believe in biasness, and follows meritocracy for the rewards
and promotion of the employees. As they believe in personal growth so they have dedicated
training cells which focuses on continuous skill enhancement. They also follow predefined,
mutually set training calendar for the whole year. Push and Pull Model: The HR follows a 'push-
pull theory' in the organization in order to retain the employees. There are various reasons why
employees leave an organization, and this theory helps to differentiate the reasons.

i.) Push factor: The push factors are the reasons which push the employees to look job outside
and these are many internal i.e. that comes from within the organization. The reasons can be
dissatisfaction of employees with the supervisors, culture misfit, lack of employee benefits and
career opportunities. And the push factor works also in early attrition. These internal reasons
push employees from the company.

ii.) Pull factor: These factors are external, which pulls employees from the organization The
factors can be considered as better salary, higher brand value, better location, infrastructure and
benefits. So, this way the model analyzes and finds out the reason why employees are leaving
and focuses on that very reason to retain them.

STRENGTH
A) It is India's first online professional skill development platform .
B) Learning in the most interesting and practical way.
C) Work on a real time project.
D) Lifelong access leams at your own pace.
E) Network with the best in industry.
F) 100% internship opportunity at reputed firms.
G) Get a coach in the field for life.
H) Certificate from government of India.
WEAKNESS
A) Internships start at ground level of marketing.
B) High prices of courses on site.

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C) Rarely heard brand, not much of a market.
D) No advertising and branding

MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS
1. a. Entire Agreement: These Terms, read with the Policy, form the complete and final contract
between the User and the Company with respect to the subject matter hereof and supersedes all
other communications, representations and agreements (whether oral, written or otherwise)
relating thereto.
1. b. Waiver: The failure of either Party at any time to require performance of any provision of
these Terms shall in no manner affect such Party's right at a later time to enforce the same. No
waiver by either party of any breach of these Terms, whether by conduct or otherwise, in any one
or more instances, shall be deemed to be or construed as a further or continuing waiver of any
such breach, or a waiver of any other breach of these Terms.
1. c. Severability: If any provision/clause of these Terms is held to be invalid, illegal or
unenforceable by any court or authority of competent jurisdiction, the validity, legality and
enforceability of the remaining provisions/clauses of these Terms shall in no way be affected or
impaired thereby, and each such provision/clause of these Terms shall be valid and enforceable
to the fullest extent permitted by law. In such case, these Terms shall be reformed to the
minimum extent necessary to correct any invalidity, illegality or unenforceability, while
preserving to the maximum extent the original rights, intentions and commercial expectations of
the Parties hereto, as expressed herein.
d. Contact Us: If you have any questions about this Policy, the practices of the Platform,or your
experience with the Service provided by the Platform, you can contact us
at support@unschool.in.
The biggest competitors of unschool are as follows :-
1.) Skillshare
2.) LinkedIn Learning Ex Lynda
3). MasterClass
4.) Udemy
5.) Edx.org

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6.) Udacity.com
7.) Coursera.org
8.) Futurelearn.com

1. Skillshare
Skillshare is one of the most popular online learning platforms. It has a massive collection of
over 20,000 classes that are divided into three categories: Thrive (Lifestyle, Productivity), Build
(Business Analytics, Freelance & Enterneuprenship, Leadership & Management, Marketing),
and Create (Animation, Film & Video, Graphic Design, Music, Creative Writing, Photography,
Web Development, and more). Skillshare believes in a project-based approach to learning that
allows students to expand creativity and apply new skills in life. All courses consist of two parts:
a video
presentation (which usually lasts around 20-minutes) and a class project.

2. LinkedIn Learning Ex Lynda

A few years ago, Linkedin acquired one of the oldest e-learning sites called Lynda, and
transferred all content to its own platform - Linkedln Learning. The company now offers
thousands of high-quality courses for all levels, from beginners to advanced, covering a wide
array of subjects, including Web Development, Software Programming, Economics, and
Business Management. LinkedIn Learning has a single monthly subscription fee that gives you
access to all the content on the platform. The courses consist of bite-sized modules that help
absorb information better. Linkedin Learning allows you to download any course for offline
viewing, which I find to be very convenient. LinkedIn Learning is not accredited, but most
courses offer a Certificate of Completion that you can later add to your LinkedIn profile.
Linkedln Learning is a good platform that can help you jumpstart your career or achieve
professional goals. If you are interested in joining the platform, you can do that by signing up for
a 1-month free trial.

3. Masterclass
Masterclass is an online learning platform that everyone is talking about. What makes it
different is that the courses are taught by world-famous experts and celebrities. You can learn

13
acting from Natalie Portman, filmmaking from Martin Scorsese, singing from Christina
Aguilera, cooking from Gordon Ramsay, writing from Dan Brown, etc. For $15 a month you get
unlimited access to all classes. Each course consists of an average of 20 lessons, each lasts
approximately 10 minutes. Classes include high-quality video lessons, assignments, workbooks,
and community activities. You can also join discussions to ask questions, get feedback, and
connect with other students. There are no deadlines, so you can learn at your own pace. All the
videos can be downloaded for offline viewing using a mobile app. The classes are divided into
nine categories: Film & TV, Culinary Arts, Writing, Music & Entertainment, Sports & Games,
Business, Photography, & Fashion, Business, Politics & Society, Lifestyle, and Science &
Technology. MasterClass doesn’t offer certificates of Completion. MasterClass is a good
platform for creatives who are interested in personal Development and seeking inspiration from
the best professionals in the filed.

4. Udemy
Udemy is another popular online learning platform. It has a huge library of over 150,000 Courses
which makes it the best one when it com to content. With Udemy, you can Expand your
knowledge and skills in any field imaginable from business and marketing, To hand weaving and
clowning. The goal of Udemy is to disrupt and democratize the Educational system. Unlike
Skillshare, MasterClass, and LinkedIn Learning, Udemy doesn’t have unlimited Subscription
plans, you have to purchase each course individually, which is obviously a Downer. However,
the courses are quite cheap, starting at just $9. And if you don’t like a Course you have
purchased, you can get a refund within 30 days. Udemy’s courses are divided into 13 different
categories: Finance & Accounting, Development, Business, Marketing, IT & Software, Office
Productivity, Music, Personal Development, Teaching & Academics, Design, Lifestyle,
Photography, Health & Fitness. The courses are offered for all levels: beginner, intermediate,
and advanced. One thing Absolutely love is that there are courses available not only in English
but also in Russian, Japanese, Chinese, Portuguese, German, Spanish, etc. Udemy is not an
accredited institution, but you get a certificate of completion after you take a paid course. Each
Udemy course consists of a video tutorial - the average course is 5 hours long but some can be as
short as 30 minutes - and can also include

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additional resources, such as quizzes, practice tests, coding exercises, and assignments. You can
download any Udemy course and watch it offline at any time.

5. Edx.org
edX is one of the best providers of college-level online courses. The company was founded by
Harvard and MIT, and the quality of courses is top-notch. All the courses on edX, with the
exception of professional education courses, can be taken for free. To join the course without
paying you to need to enroll in the Audit Track. The Free (Audit) Track grants students access to
all course materials, such as lectures, videos, ungraded assignments, and reading - for the
duration of course. However, you won't receive graded assignments and verified certificates of
completion. If you want to have access to graded assignments and earn a certificate upon
successful completion, then you would have to enroll in the Paid (Verified) Track. The certificate
can be added to your resume or LinkedIn profile. If you enroll in the Audit Track but then decide
that you want to earn the certificate, you will have a chance to switch to the Verified Track. Each
course has an upgrade deadline so make sure you check that first. edX offers over 2,500 courses
on different subjects including Biology & Life Sciences, Architecture, Chemistry, Art & Culture,
Electronics, Education & Teacher Training, Medicine, Food & Nutrition, Physics, Science,
Music, Law, History, Language, and Environmental Studies. Most courses are available in
English, but there are also some courses in Chinese, Russian, French, Italian, Spanish, etc. There
are courses for introductory, intermediate, and advanced levels. The courses usually consist of
both text and video content and assignments. There are also course discussions where you can
ask questions and interact with fellow students. Some courses include group projects. You can
download any edX course for offline viewing.

6. Udacity.com
Udacity is widely known for its Nanodegree programs. A Nanodegree is a skills and project-
based learning program. Each Nanodegree consists of a series of courses on topics like Artificial
Intelligence, Coding, Robotics, Mobile Programming, Business, and Data Science. Most
programs can be completed in 3-6 months. Udacity offers one-on-one technical mentorship to all
Nanodegree students. Udacity is the definition of innovation when it comes to online learning

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and education. When you enroll in one of Udacity's Nanodegree programs, your chances of
landing a
job after you complete the course skyrocket.
Udacity is not an accredited university, but the skills they teach are relevant, in-demand skills
that employers are actively seeking. However, when compared to other online learning
platforms, Udacity is steep on pricing. The average cost for a Nanodegree program is between
$1200 and $2400. You can get a discount if you pay for several months upfront. Udacity also
offers Executive Programs for business leaders who need to learn about complex concepts like
Artificial Intelligence and implement them in their companies within a short period of time
(usually a few weeks). The cost of Executive Programs is around $1500 per month which
includes project reviews from top industry professionals, technical mentor support, personal
career coach, and a learning plan that allows you to learn at your own pace.

7. Coursera.org
Coursera is an online learning platform that offers university-level courses and Certification
programs. The courses are taught by instructors from top companies and Universities such as
Stanford, Yale, and Princeton. The price for individual courses varies from $29 to $99. However,
there are thousands Of courses that have the Audit option which allows you to take it for free. If
you choose To audit the course, you won’t receive graded assignments, a certificate, and bonus
Materials. Most courses consist of video lectures, assignments, reading materials, Quizzes,
projects, and group discussions. There are courses available in many languages: English,
Spanish, Russian, Chinese, Portuguese, Arabic, French, German, Korean, Vietnamese, Japanese,
and more. Some Of the courses’ topics are Arts and Humanities, Business, Computer Science,
Data Science, Information Technology, Health, Math and Logic, Personal Development. Each
Course takes 4-6 weeks to complete.
If you want to master a specific skill, you can enroll in a Specialization – a series of Online
courses, each takes 4-6 months to complete. Once you complete the Specialization, you will earn
a Certificate to add on your resume. You get a 7-day free Trial to try a Specialization at no cost
when you start your first subscription. And if you are looking to change your current career or
start a new one, then you can Enroll in one of the Professional Certificates programs. Like
Specializations, Professional Certificates are a series of courses, but the difference is that the

16
Certificate Of Completion will be issued by the company that developed the course. Finally,
there are online degree courses granted by world-class, accredited universities. The main
advantage of getting your degree online is that it costs much less than on-campus programs.
Also, you can study at your own pace and complete your degree faster.
If you plan on taking several courses, it might be a good idea to subscribe to Coursera Plus, an
annual plan that grants unlimited access to over 90% of courses, Professional Certificates, and
Specializations. You can take as many courses as you like and you will earn a Course Certificate
for every course you complete.

8. Futurelearn.com
Futurelearn is an online education platform that offers hundreds of courses from the world's
leading universities. The majority of courses can be audited for free, but access to course tests
and a Statement of Participation or Certificate of Achievement becomes available only if you
upgrade to a paid course. There is an option of purchasing an unlimited subscription for $249,99
per year that includes access to over 600 short courses.
Most courses include video and audio content, reading materials, and short quizzes. All students
can post their questions and discuss topics with teachers and each other. Some courses offer
assignments, and if you have upgraded your course, you will be able to take tests, as well. In
addition to free courses, Futurelearn offers Premium courses for a fee. Premium courses are
perfect for people who prefer to learn in a small group setting and who want to advance their
careers. Premium courses are divided into several categories: IT and Digital Skills, Business and
Management, Teaching, and Healthcare. If you want to earn academic credit and upskill your
work, Futurelearn also offers 21 Microcredentials. They are fully accredited and require 100-150
hours of study over 10-12 weeks. Here are a few of currently available Microcredentials: Change
Management, Cyber Security Operations (Cisco CCNA), Data Science: Data-Driven Decision
Making, Digital Photography: Creating a Professional Portfolio, Impact of Trauma on Mental
Health, Online Teaching: Creating Courses for Adult Learners, Sports Coaching, Teacher
Training: Embedding Mental Health in the Curriculum, Veterinary Practitioners and the Food
Supply Chain. To conclude our imho review of best online learning platforms, other notable
platforms you should check out include Alison.com, YouTube (Harvard Uploads their CS
courses there) and Shaw Academy. The most important thing is to get the most out of your

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learning. This is the formula you have to use for choosing the platform to settle on, find the
platform that will help you get the most out of it.

Introduction Of E- Learning
A learning system based on formalized teaching but with the help of electronic resources is
known as E-learning.
E-Learning is the learning facilitated and supported by Information Communication technologies
(ICT) to enable people to learn anytime and anywhere. E-learning is nothing but the use of
technology to connect teachers and students who are physically miles apart. E-Learning involves
the use of multi-media to enhance learning. E-Learning can include training, the delivery of just-
in-time information and guidance from experts. While teaching can be based in or out of the
classrooms, the use of computers and the Internet forms the major component of E-learning. E-

18
learning can also be termed as a network enabled transfer of skills and knowledge through which
the delivery of education is made to a large number of recipients at the same or different times.
In the current era, where technology is rapidly evolving, education has also taken the support of
ICT and now offers convenient ways to help increase the knowledge, education and literacy
status of people. E-learning platform provides anywhere, anytime easy access for upgradation of
knowledge and skills. It provides a platform wherein the individual gets a customized package
related to key thematic areas through a self-guided process. The presence of an instructor is not
required and learners can decide their own time and venue for learning. This provides a great
amount of flexibility for the learner, allowing learning to fit within their busy lives. IN the
physical absence of an instructor, it is important for e-learning to be impactful yet engaging. This
is achieved by infusing e-learning courses with attractive visuals, audio and other multimedia
elements including simulations and animations.
The use of such innovative techniques to garner learner interest creates an indelible impression in
the minds of the learners and helps them retain more as well as apply more. Earlier, e-learning
was not accepted wholeheartedly as it was assumed that this system lacked the human element
required in learning. However, with the rapid progress in technology and the advancement in
learning systems, it is now embraced by the masses. The introduction of computers was the basis
of this revolution and with the passage of time, but with the increasing use of smart-phones,
tablets, etc. these devices now have an importance place in the classrooms for learning. Books
are gradually getting replaced by electronic educational materials like optical discs or pen drives.
The learning can be imparted by a number of means. In the past, these have included the use of
mainframe Computers, floppy diskettes, multimedia CD-ROMs (compact discs – read only
memory), and interactive Videodisks. Most recently, Web technology (both Internet and Intranet
Delivery) are being used. Future trends are looking at training delivered on smart Cell phones.
This new, form of education is called, m-learning or Mobile learning. Knowledge can also be
shared via the Internet, which is Accessible 24x7x365, anywhere, anytime. E-learning courses
provide an enabling platform by virtue Of which the professionals can upgrade their knowledge
Without going for regular courses. E-learning platform provides an opportunity to quickly Make
technical concepts and communicate to a much Wider audience at a faster pace.
Since the modules are standardized and not dependent upon the delivery of the trainers they have
consistency in the content.

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The e-learning courseware uses a mixed learning approach and hence could lead to better
retention of concepts. Easy tools embedded in the e-Learning courses help the individuals to
learn and move at their own pace and take a formal assessment after each lesson. So it provides
immediate results and feedback, in case an individual is not able to score properly in a particular
unit they are requested to re-read the chapter and go through assessment again. On passing this
test which is based on the technical knowledge and application of skills the individuals can
deepen their understanding related to the project. The schools which use E-learning technologies
are a step Ahead of those which still have the traditional approach Towards learning. No doubt, it
is equally important to take forward the Concept of non-electronic teaching with the help of
books And lectures, but the importance and effectiveness of Technology-based learning cannot
be taken lightly or Ignored completely.
It is believed that the human brain can easily remember And relate to what is seen and heard via
moving pictures Or videos. It has also been found that visuals, apart from holding the Attention
of the student, are also retained by the brain for Longer periods. Various sectors, including
agriculture, medicine, Education, services, business, and government setups are Adapting to the
concept of E-learning which helps in the Progress of a nation. It is especially useful for
organizations that operate from multiple offices and require a training solution that connects
people at all locations, at any time and provides a standardized set of instructions and e-Learning
to foster ‘enterprise transformation’ and enhance return on investment (ROI). This could mean
helping executives in gaining new competencies, launching new products or services or
enhancing skill sets. For the corporate sector, where training and learning are an integral part, e-
learning has been immensely successful in creating a strong foothold. With growing numbers,
congregating employees from different offices for trainings is a logistical nightmare consuming
unnecessary time, money and efforts. E-learning has proved to be the best means in the corporate
sector, especially when training programs are conducted by multi-national corporations (MNCs)
for professionals across the globe and employees are able to acquire important skills while sitting
in a board room, or by having seminars, which are conducted for employees of the same or the
different organizations under one roof. With technology-aided learning, learners can learn as per
their schedules and availability, helping them utilize their time better. Moreover, innovative
methodologies like simulations and serious gaming can kindle learner interest, providing
opportunity to do and learn through application-based knowledge. The opportunity to practice

20
and hone or perfect skills not only ensures greater productivity and quality of work but infuses a
sense of confidence in the learners which helps them achieve overall excellence. With more and
more industries adopting technology-aided learning as their chosen mode of training and learning
delivery, it is clear that e-learning will continue to deliver its sustained impact and radically
change the way we learn.
A pioneering project under Digital India Programme is Learning Management System (LMS) in
e-governance. LMS is a software application for the administration, documentation, tracking,
reporting and delivery of electronic courses (e-learning) and training programs. As a capacity
building tool, LMS facilitates efficient administration of e-learning and training for various
government officials both at centre and states/union territories. It has the objective of enhancing
knowledge and skills of users as per their roles envisaged in the e-Governance
Competency Framework (eGCF).

Principles of E-learning
In 2005, Professors John Anderson and Robert McCormick wrote ‘A Common Framework for
E-learning Quality’ and ‘Ten Pedagogic Principles of E-learning ‘describing an approach to the
development of effective e-learning programs for Becta, the British government body which
promotes technology in learning. According to the two authors, the Ten Principles may help
designers to construct pedagogically sound e-learning materials and related activities. The
principles may also help teachers to choose resources; design teaching and learning activities
based on those resources; and support such activities while they take place. Anderson and
McCormick state that there is an implicit assumption in their approach that the more of the ten
principles are embodied, the better the quality of the pedagogy; and the fewer embodied
principles, the lower the quality.

Principle 1 - Match to the Curriculum:

The pedagogy should be matched with and aligned to the appropriate curriculum through clear
objectives; the relevance of content covered; the appropriateness of student activities; and the
nature of the assessment.
Principle 2 – Inclusion:

21
The pedagogy should support inclusive practice seen in terms of different types and range of
achievement; physical disabilities that can be particularly supported by e-learning; different
social and ethnic groups; and gender.
Principle 3 – Learner Engagement:
The pedagogy should engage and motivate learners. This engagement should be evident in an
ethos of being Both educational and motivating.
Principle 4 – Innovative Approaches:
It should be evident why learning technologies are being Used, rather than a non-technological
approach which Achieves the same end as effectively. E-learning should be fit for purpose.
Principle 5 – Effective Learning:
This principle can be demonstrated in a variety of ways, For example, by using a range of
different approaches in The learning platform that will allow the student to chose One that suits
him/her, or that can be personalized to him/her, or by satisfying a number of the characteristics
of good learning
Principle 6 – Formative Assessment:
The pedagogy should provide formative assessments.
Principle 7 – Summative Assessment:
The summative assessments must be valid and reliable; comprehensible by teachers, learners and
parents; able to deal with a range of achievement levels; and free from adverse emotional impact
on the learner.
Principle 8 – Coherence, Consistency and Transparency:
The pedagogy must be internally coherent and consistent in the way the objectives, content,
student activity and assessment match to each other. It must be open and accessible in its design.
Principle 9 – Ease of Use:
E-learning should be transparent in its ease of use.
Principle 10 – Cost Effectiveness:
Technology solutions need to be justifiable and affordable and the costs sustainable.

The History Of E- Learning

The British philosopher Francis Bacon stated, already in the 1600s, “Knowledge is power”.
The one who has knowledge thereby has power – the unskilled is powerless. But power is also

22
knowledge. The one that has power also has power over the knowledge – power over what
knowledge that is to be developed and power over how this knowledge should be used. It
concerns power over nature, power over people and their thoughts, power over what is
believed to be knowledge (Therein, 2007, p. 147, translation ours. )
Regardless if it is e-learning or traditional on campus education or in any else place. education
has a large and vital role to play for people in the world. As Säljö (2000) has pointed out,
learning and knowledge are important factors, linked to people’s perceptions of economic as
well as social development. Groups of people who are categorised as highly educated have a
higher competitiveness in relation to receiving skilled jobs and therefore, better possibilities to
improve their lives (Säljö, 2000). The education has a more profound implication on people’s
lives. Andersson (2010) referred to Sen (1999), who discussed the two topics of equal right to
education and freedom. Sen believed that education is an enabler for individuals to live the
life chosen by them. Furthermore, he argued that education also makes people capable of
developing their full potential as well as leading creative, productive lives.
In the mid-nineteenth century correspondence education was developed in Europe (namely in
Great Britain, France, Germany) and in the U.S.A and spread swiftly. The first official
recognition of education by correspondence was from 1883 to 1891 by the Chautauqua
College of Liberal Arts (Bizhan, 1997) . In the late 1800s the University of Wisconsin and the
University of Chicago were among the premier universities to establish major correspondence
programs in the United States. By the late 1960s and early 1970s significant changes had
occurred in long distance learning due to the development of new media technologies and
delivery systems (Karatekin, 2001).
As a result of successes in satellite communications that began in 1965, there were increasing
levels of experimentation with transmitting educational programs via satellites by colleges and
universities. By the 1970s, many tools were commonly used for long distance education
including videotapes, programmed instructions, the television, and the telephone. There were
also advances in the quality and accessibility of previously used media such as slides and film.
Long distance education grew at an unprecedented pace in the 1990s. The advent of the
Internet and digital applications, combined with the changing demographics of the distance
education learner, added a whole new dimension to long distance education. These new
technologies brought and continue to bring educational opportunity to the non-traditional

23
student, and the lure of economic prosperity to higher educational institutions. Society has
moved from a society characterized by the living conditions of industrialism to the present
knowledge society where creativity and ingenuity stimulates and drives the society
(Hargreaves, 2003).
Hargreaves writes that: “a knowledge society is really a learning society… knowledge
societies process information and knowledge in ways that maximize learning stimulate
ingenuity and invention, and develop the capacity to initiate and cope with change” (p. 3).
Earlier societies were characterized almost exclusively by an educational system where
teachers and students physically interacted in the classroom. Major technological
developments characterizing society – especially during the last 20 years and mostly because
of the Internet (Castells, 2001) – have changed our view of education. Today, for example, we
are talking about concepts such as “the flipped classroom” (Newton, n.d.). This concept
refers, among other things, to the way that teachers and students in today educational systems
use different information and communication technologies (ICTs) for teaching and learning
activities in classrooms.
Another concept that has emerged during the last 15 to 20 years is “e-learning”. According to
Laurillard (2004), e-learning describes the interaction in which students use different types of
ICTs in their learning process. Education in a knowledge society context is given a key role
for developing new ideas in learning and teaching through e-learning (Kahiigi, Ekenberg,
Danielson, & Hansson, 2007). Many research studies demonstrate that ICTs and e-learning
are important for teachers and students (Bhuasiri, Ciganek, Rho, Xaymoungkhoun, & Zo,
2012; Kirkwood, 2009). One reason is that utilization of such technologies creates more
flexible solutions for students that mainly have the opportunity to study online – regardless of
the student’s geographical location. Current research also suggests that another important
change that ICT and e-learning brings is increased flexibility, making it possible for
universities around the world to enrol an increased number of students an aspect beneficial to
the universities from an economic point of view. However, another element of e-learning to
be mentioned here is that its implementation in teaching – at the shift between traditional
teaching and e-learning based teaching – has also proven relatively expensive (The World
Bank, 2000). There seems though to be a common understanding among researchers that the

24
use of e-learning in higher education, in the long run, is far more cost effective compared to
education being conducted in a more traditional way.

E-Learning in Education: An Educational Revolution

The impact of the electronically connected world on the learning and training of individuals
and organizations is the primary revolution in Education. The 21st century is Globalization
and Telematics (computers connected to networks). They denote the emergence of new global
cultural forms, media, technologies of communication and most significantly, the Telematics
revolution (Vasanthi, 2001). The effects of e-Learning on the training profession are
revolutionary, challenging most of its basic tenets. The change comes from outside influences:
new players in other disciplines, forces in the supplier market, and the kind of learning that
technology is increasingly making possible. Using interactive technologies can bring huge
benefits to the way we teach and learn, but at the moment there is not enough of it happening
in this country. All learners, from pre- school to lifelong learning, can benefit from mixing
these new technologies with other forms of study. We must make sure those benefits are
universal.
The first wave of the e-Learning revolution was and still is mainly focused on delivery
Learning Management Systems (LMS), to organize the delivery of learning material;
Learning Content Management Systems (LCMS) to create the learning material; Virtual
Learning Environments (VLE) to deliver learning. In fact, the use of the learning’ is hardly
accurate, as the reality of the provision is still mainly about training. Although we know that
probably more than 80% of what we learn is learned informally, the first wave of e-Learning
has been almost exclusively focused on formal learning.
The newest concept of 'blended learning' reinforces the focus on the delivery mechanism
mixing face to face and distance training. We have not moved very far beyond the simplistic
vision of e-Learning as 'technology enhanced learning (Learning citizen, 2005). Also, The
first wave of e-Learning technology mainly organisation-center, the e-Learning places the
focus on the need to develop a new generation of tools that are completely centered on the
person. And in doing so, the eLearning as individual learning planner, or continuing
professional development planner, or personal knowledge management toolbox can become
the hub, from which each individual will have the power to join, create and organize learning

25
communities, at learners school or the university, professional association, workplace or local
community. The e-Learning is the expression of learning as social activity. In early e-
Learning systems, the social dimension of learning was generally catered for by 'enhancing'
basic delivery mechanisms of training material, through the adjunct of synchronous or
asynchronous discussions.

E-learning theory: communal construction

Communal constructivism is an approach to learning in which students not only construct
their knowledge (constructivism) as a result of interacting with the environment (Social
Constructivism), but also are actively engaged in the process of constructing knowledge for
their learning environment. Holmes et al. (2001) have suggested that the advent of new
educational technologies warrant a new kind of educational theory - 'communal
constructivism.' Social constructivism, as a broad theoretical framework regarding how people
learn, argues that learning, taking place within 'situated' learning contexts, is optimised
(Oliver and Herrington, 2000). It is frequently suggested, however, that while traditional
teaching methods prove largely inadequate for cultivating such environments, C&IT-enabled
approaches to learning are particularly adept at doing so.
Modern approaches to teaching and learning, such as constructivism, which involves the
active formation and adaptation of thoughts and ideas (Howe and Berv, 2000), problem-based
learning and experiential learning, assume that knowledge is acquired through social
negotiation, experience and reflection. This construction results from two different types of
interaction in the learning process (Bates, 1991). At the outset, this is an individual affair
between the learner and the learning material, which may range from the traditional textbook
to computer-based simulations. The second is a social activity, between the learner and the
tutor, the facilitator or other learners. Cognitive restructuring occurs as learners revise their
ways of thinking to provide a better fit to reality when faced with discrepancies between their
own ways of viewing the world and new information (Rogoff, 1990). Social interaction with
tutors and facilitators is expected to promote development through the guidance provided by
interaction with people who are skilled in solving the problems emerging from the learning
activities (Rogoff, 1990).

26
Best E-Learning Tools in 2021
E-learning tools are used by most of the educational institutions either to replace or improve
training models and traditional learning models. This technology innovation brings a smooth
move from traditional training to web design courses. There are different benefits of these e-
learning tools like:

- A learner can study on their own time and on their device

-Saving money on lectures and travel expenses

-Training can be tailored according to learner’s needs
-A teacher can access data on user achievements

Types Of E-learning
Some educational scientists have identified types of e-learning according to learning tools,
while others have chosen to focus on different metrics such as synchronicity and learning
content. There are 10 easily distinguishable types of e-learning. These are the 10 different
types of e-learning:

1. Computer Managed Learning (CML).

2. Computer Assisted Instruction (CAI).
3. Synchronous Online Learning.
4. Asynchronous Online Learning.
5. Fixed E-Learning.
6. Adaptive E-Learning.
7. Linear E-Learning.
8. Interactive Online Learning.

9. Individual Online Learning.

10. Collaborative Online Learning.

Alternatively, some educational scientists have chosen to classify e-learning types more
simply. They identify just two primary types of e-learning: computer-based elearning and
internet-based e-learning. This method of classification could be seen as more accurate
27
 because it differentiates e-learning from online learning, the two of which are often
incorrectly used interchangeably. Some forms of e-learning such as CML and CAL are not
required to take place online, but they are considered types of e-learning nonetheless.

Computer Managed Learning (CML)

In the case of computer-managed learning (CML), also known as Computer Managed
Instruction (CMI), computers are used to manage and assess learning processes. Computer
managed learning systems operate through information databases. These databases contain
bits of information which the student has to learn, together with a number of ranking
parameters which enables the system to be individualized according to the preferences of
each student.

As a result of two-way communication between the student and the computer, determinations
can be made as to whether the student achieved their learning goals on a satisfactory level. If
not, then the processes can be repeated until the student has achieved their desired learning
goals. Additionally, educational institutions use computer-managed learning systems for
storing and retrieving information which aids in educational management. This could mean
information such as lecture information, training materials, grades, curriculum information,
enrolment information among others.

Computer Assisted Instruction (CAI)

Computer Assisted Instruction (CAI), also sometimes referred to as computer assisted
learning (CAL), is another type of e-learning which uses computers together with traditional
teaching. This could mean interactive software for the students or the kind of training software
used by Patrick Suppers of Stanford University in 1966. Computer-assisted training methods
use a combination of multimedia such as text, graphics, sound, and video in order to enhance
learning. The primary value of CAI is interactivity – it allows students to become active
learners instead of passive learners, by utilizing various methods such as quizzes and other
computer-assisted teaching and testing mechanisms. Most schools nowadays, both online and
traditional, use different variations of computer-assisted learning to facilitate the development
of skills and knowledge in their students.

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Synchronous Online Learning
Synchronous online learning enables groups of students to participate in a learning activity
together at the same time, from any place in the world. Real-time synchronous online learning
often involves online chats and videoconferencing, as these tools allow training participants
and instructors to ask and answer questions instantly while being able to communicate with
the other participants. This kind of community-oriented online learning has been made
possible with the rapid development of online learning technologies.

Before the invention of computer networks in the 1960s, truly synchronous e-learning was
practically impossible to implement. Nowadays, synchronous e-learning is considered to be
highly advantageous as it eliminates many of the common disadvantages of e-learning, such
as social isolation and poor teacher-to-student and student-to-student relationships.
Synchronous e-learning is currently one of the most popular and quickest growing types of e-
learning.

Asynchronous Online Learning

In the case of asynchronous online learning, groups of students study independently at
different times and locations from each other, without real-time communication taking place.
Asynchronous e-learning methods are often considered to be more student-centered than their
synchronous counterparts, as they give students more flexibility. For these reasons,
asynchronous e-learning is often preferred by students who do not have flexible schedules,
because it allows them to utilize self-paced learning. They can set their own timeframes for
learning, and they are not required to learn at specific time intervals together with other
students. Before the invention of the PLATO computer system, all e-learning was considered
to be asynchronous, as there were no methods of computer networking available. However,
nowadays, with the availability of computers and the World Wide Web, deciding between
synchronous and asynchronous e-learning becomes a more difficult task, as each has their
pros and cons.

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Fixed E-Learning
Fixed e-learning is a fancy name for something you are likely already familiar with.
“Fixed” in this context means that the content used during the learning process does not
change from its original state and all the participating students receive the same information
as all the others. The materials are predetermined by the teachers and don’t adapt to the
student’s preferences. This type of learning has been the standard in traditional classrooms for
thousands of years, but it’s not ideal in e-learning environments. That is because fixed e-
learning does not utilize the valuable real-time data gained from student inputs. Analyzing
each student individually through their data and making changes to the materials according to
this data leads to better learning outcomes for all students

Adaptive E-Learning
Adaptive e-learning is a new and innovative type of e-learning, which makes it possible to
adapt and redesign learning materials for each individual learner. Taking a number of
parameters such as student performance, goals, abilities, skills, and characteristics into
consideration, adaptive e-learning tools allow education to become more individualized and
student-centered than ever before. We are now at a point in time where laboratory-based
adaptive instructional techniques can be used for mathematical sequencing of student data.
When done correctly, this could mean a new era for educational science. While this type of e-

30
learning can be more difficult to plan and accomplish than traditional teaching methods, it’s
potential value and effectiveness is often understated.

Linear E-Learning

When referring to human-computer interaction, linear communication means that information

passes from sender to receiver, without exception. In the case of elearning, this becomes a
very limiting factor, as it does not allow two-way communication between teachers and
students. This type of e-learning does have its place in education, although it’s becoming less
relevant with time. Sending training materials to students through television and radio
programs are classic examples of linear e-learning. .

Interactive Online Learning

Interactive e-learning allows senders to become receivers and vise versa, effectively enabling
a two-way communication channel between the parties involved. From the messages sent and
received, the teachers and students can make changes to their teaching and learning methods.
For this reason, interactive e-learning is considerably more popular than linear, as it allows
teachers and students to communicate more freely with each other.

Individual Online Learning

Individual learning in this context refers to the number of students participating in achieving
the learning goals, rather than the student-centeredness of the material. This type of learning
has been the norm in traditional classrooms for thousands of years. When practicing
individual learning, the students study the learning materials on their own (individually), and
they are expected to meet their learning goals on their own. This type of learning is not ideal
for developing communicational skills and teamwork abilities in students, as it largely focuses
on students learning independently, without communication with other students. Therefore, a
more modern approach is necessary to supplant the communicational of skills and abilities.

Collaborative Online Learning. Collaborative e-learning is a modern type of learning method,

through which multiple students learn and achieve their learning objectives together as a group.

Students have to work together and practice teamwork in order to achieve their common learning
objectives. This is done through the formation of effective groups, where each individual student

31
has to take into account the strengths and weaknesses of each other student. This boosts the
communicational skills team working abilities of the students. Collaborative e-learning expands
on the idea that knowledge is best developed inside a group of individuals where they can
interact and learn from each other. While this type of learning is more often used in traditional
classrooms than in online courses, it’s still a valid type of e-learning which can be highly
effective if done correctly.

Section Two
E-learning is a gate of endless development
"The next big killer on the Internet will be education. Online education will be so great that it
will make email use seem like a rough mistake." Cisco Systems CEO, John Chambers ,
(COMDEX 1999).
During the last years there has been considerable research and development into the use of
Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) for learning. E-Learning environments
have become readily available during the last 5 years. Just-In- Time learning, any time, at the
learners’ own pace, at any place, and flexible learning styles, the future looks bright. The aim
of e-Learning was to make the computer the instructor, resulting in an approach that took the
traditional classroom instructional model into a virtual environment. Consequently, for the
most part it resulted in putting text and courses online - delivering basically conventional
educational products and services such as manuals, textbooks, papers, training courses,
lessons and workshops in a new way. As technology developed, especially in the context of
the Internet and a web-based world, the technical sophistication and methods of delivery have
improved significantly. Hence there are “first generation” applications that are technically
unsophisticated (i.e. presenting content messages online as vast scrolls of text or slide
presentations that learners scroll or click to view), alongside other applications that are highly
sophisticated (i.e. incorporating a high degree of interactivity, animation, streamed video,
multiple choice learning assessment and video-game-style simulations where learners are
expected to progress through various lessons, or levels of learning, until they are able to
demonstrate pre-defined competence according to the testing systems built into the learning
modules).

32
Today, the Internet and the World Wide Web have promoted learning activities that provide a
high degree of interaction between learners and geographically separated teachers. E-learning
platforms have become one of the ten largest current IT issues in higher education (McGee
2003).

Technology directly affects supply, interactivity, cost and educational context design. Other
notable components include instructional design, the impact of assessment and accreditation,
characters, motivations, teaching and learning methods for participants, and hidden curricula
included in all formal education contexts.

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Adopting E-learning

Advantages or Benefits of E-learning
The adoption of E-learning in education, especially for higher educational institutions has
several benefits, and given its several advantages and benefits, e-learning is considered among
the best methods of education. Several studies and authors have provided benefits and
advantages derived from the adoption of e-learning technologies into schools (Klein and Ware,
2003; Algahtani, 2011; Hameed et al, 2008; Marc, 2002; Wentling et al. 2000; Nichols, 2003).
Some studies give advantage of e-learning as its ability to focus on the needs of individual
learners. For example Marc (2000) in his book review on e-learning strategies for delivering
knowledge in digital age noted that one of the advantages of e-learning in education is its focus
on the needs of individual learners as an important factor in the process of education rather than
on the instructors’, or educational institutions’ needs. Some of the advantages that the adoption
of eLearning in education, obtained from review of literature includes the following:
1. It is flexible when issues of time and place are taken into consideration. Every
student has the luxury of choosing the place and time that suits him/her.
According to Smedley (2010), the adoption of e-learning provides the institutions
as well as their students or learners the much flexibility of time and place of
delivery or receipt of according to learning information.
2. E-learning enhances the efficacy of knowledge and qualifications via ease of
access to a huge amount of information.
3. It is able to provide opportunities for relations between learners by the use of
discussion forums. Through this, e-learning helps eliminate barriers that have the

33
 potential of hindering participation including the fear of talking to other learners.
E-learning motivates students to interact with other, as well as exchange and
respect different point of views. Elearning eases communication and also
improves the relationships that sustain learning. Wagner et al (2008) note that e-
Learning makes available extra prospects for interactivity between students and
teachers during content delivery.
4. E-learning is cost effective in the sense that there is no need for the students or
learners to travel. It is also cost effective in the sense that it offers opportunities
for learning for maximum number of learners with no need for many buildings.
5. E-learning always takes into consideration the individual learners differences.
Some learners, for instance prefer to concentrate on certain parts of the course,
while others are prepared to review the entire course.
6. E-learning helps compensate for scarcities of academic staff, including instructors
or teachers as well as facilitators, lab technicians etc.
7. The use of e-Learning allows self-pacing. For instance the asynchronous way
permits each student to study at his or her own pace and speed whether slow or
quick. It therefore increases satisfaction and decreases stress (Codone, 2001;
Amer, 2007; Urdan and Waggon, 2000; Algahtani, 2011; Marc, 2002; Klein and
Ware, 2003)
The above-mentioned advantages of e-learning has been summed up by Holmes and
Gardner (2006) by noting that the ability of e-learning to assess the students or learners as
they learn, and at the same time increasing their experiences in education, by way of
interactivity suitable to community education, cultural diversity and globalization, and
eradicating boundaries of place and time. To them the most vital characteristics as well as
advantage of e-learning in education is that it centres on the students or learners (Holmes
and Gardner, 2006).
Through e-learning, according to Raba (2005), objectives can be accomplished in the
shortest time with least amount of effort. Both learners and instructors can be able to
accomplish and keep up with development as they obtain experience that is provided by
numerous specialists in the various fields of knowledge. The impacts of e-learning on
educational ethics according to Khan (2005) are ensured. This is because the environments

34
 for e-learning are tolerant, so they are a good ways of offering equal access to the
information world irrespective of the locations of the users, their ages as well as ethnic
origins, and races (Khan, 2005). The environment for e-learning also aids learners or
students to depend on themselves for the reason that instructors are no longer the solitary
knowledge source. They instead become advisors and guides (Alsalem, 2004). E-learning
also aids in the preparation of the society to globally communicate and to dialogue with
others (Zeitoun, 2008). However according to Algahtani (2011), the likely benefits of e-
learning are greater than the benefits of traditional learning if e-learning is used and
applied in proper ways. Authors such as Zhang et al (2006) and Judahil et al (2007) gave
the positive impacts of elearning from the perspectives of the students or learners. Zhang
et al (2006) stresses that e-learning permits the exploration of much flexible learning ways
with much reduced need for travel to go to classes. E-learning, according to Zhang et al
(2006), via interactive video facility permits learners to watch all activities that are
conducted in the classroom and also listen to instructors as many times as needed. This
according to Brown et al (2008) and Judahil et al (2007) offers teachers with several ways
of interacting with learners and to give them instantaneous feedback. However, according
to Judahil et al (2007), it is essential for those who embrace the advanced technology
during the process of teaching and learning has a variety of skills in Information and
Communication Technology (ICT).
Other studies (Singh, 2001; Hemsley, 2002; and Sadler-Smith 2000) also give the
advantages or benefits of e-learning to students. For instance, according to Singh (2001),
e-Learning systems enable improved communication between and among students and
between students and faculty or instructors. Hemsley (2002) have stated the opinion that
full time and part time students can participate in their degree courses chosen from any
place or location, offering people who are relocated or travel, an easily accessible resource
for learning and experience (Hemsley, 2002). Sadler-Smith (2000) and Brown et al (2001)
note that, the adoption and implementation of eLearning provides disabled people the
chance to further their education from any location.

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 Disadvantages Of E-learning
E-learning, in spite of the advantages that it has when adopted in education, also has some
disadvantages. Studies support that e-learning possesses some disadvantages (Collins et al.
1997; Klein and Ware, 2003; Hameed et al, 2008; Almosa, 2002; Akkoyuklu and Soylu,
2006; Lewis, 2000; Scott et al. 1999; Marc, 2002; Dowling et al, 2003; Mayes, 2002). For
example despite the claims that e-Learning can improve the education quality, Dowling et
al. (2003) argue that making learning materials available online results in improved
learning results only for specific forms of collective assessment. Also Mayes (2002) asked
a question of whether e Learning is simply a support device for existing methods of
learning. The most noticeable condemnation of e-Learning is the complete absence of vital
personal interactions, not only between learners and instructors, but also among colleague
learners (Young, 1997; Burdman, 1998).According to Almosa (2002), regardless of all the
disadvantages of e-learning, there are a lot of benefits which inspire its use and also
encourage the search for ways to reduce disadvantages. The disadvantages of e-learning
that have been given by studies include the following:
1. E-learning as a method of education makes the learners undergo contemplation,
remoteness, as well as lack of interaction or relation. It therefore requires a very
strong inspiration as well as skills with to the management of time in order to
reduce such effects.
2. With respect to clarifications, offer of explanations, as well as interpretations, the
e-learning method might be less effective that the traditional method of learning.
The learning process is much easier with the use of the face to face encounter with
the instructors or teachers.
3. When it comes to improvement in communication skills of learners, e-learning as
a method might have a negative effect. The learners. Though might have an
excellent knowledge in academics, they may not possess the needed skills to
deliver their acquired knowledge to others.
4. Since tests for assessments in e-learning are possibly done with the use of proxy, it
will be difficult, if not impossible to control or regulate bad activities like
cheating.

36
 5. E-learning may also probably be misled to piracy and plagiarism, predisposed by
inadequate selection skills, as well as the ease of copy and paste.
6. E-learning may also deteriorate institutions’ role socialization role and also the
role of instructors as the directors of the process of education.
7. Also not all fields or discipline can employ the e-learning technique in education.
For instance the purely scientific fields that include practical cannot be properly
studies through e-learning. Researches have argued that e-learning is more
appropriate in social science and humanities than the fields such as medical
science and pharmacy, where there is the need to develop practical skills.
8. E-learning may also lead to congestion or heavy use of some websites. This may
bring about unanticipated costs both in time and money disadvantages (Collins et
al. 1997; Klein and Ware, 2003; Hameed et al, 2008; Almosa, 2002; Akkoyuklu &
Soylu, 2006; Lewis, 2000; Scott et al. 1999; Marc, 2002)

Introduction To E-learning Industry In India

The Indian education system is often the topic of arguing over the outdated syllabus, cost of
education, quality of faculties and lack of infrastructure. On the positive side, our nation boasts
of world-class institutes such as Indian Institute of Management (IIM), Indian Institute of
Technology (IIT), All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIMS) and Jawaharlal Nehru
University (JNU). We also have one of the largest and oldest education systems in the world. But
we need to shift towards E-learning.

The formal education in India is still running with the traditional way of learning or the brick-
and-mortar classes. Students have to go to schools and colleges to get their education. While the
standard system is the commonly accepted model of many education over the world, the
education profession is starting up to online education or e-learning as it is also referred
otherwise. Everything is going online. And, so is education.

Scope Of E-learning

37
Online education goes beyond the domain of secondary, post-secondary and tertiary Education.
It also has courses and modules for competitive exam preparation, Professional skill
enhancement, and other non-academic subjects.

Online learning is Big in India

According to the current report, the Indian e-learning market size was USD247 million, Contain
1.6 million learners in 2016. It is expected to have an 8X growth to reach USD1.96 billion and
the recent user base will increase at 44 percent CAGR to 9.6 Million learners by 2021.

In fact, India’s e-learning market is the second largest after the US, which is predicted to Grow
by 15.64 percent and increase to $48 billion by 2020. The E-learning in India is changing at a
rapid pace unsettled to the following factors:

1. Growth In Internet & Smartphone Penetration

The number of internet users is expected to reach 730 million by 2020, nearly double From what
it is today at 432 million. India may replace China to have the second-largest Internet users after
the US.

2. Cost Of Online Education Is Low

A survey tells that there has been a 175 % increase in the average annual private Spending for
general education between 2008 and 2014. During the same period, the Annual cost of
professional and technical education has risen by 96%. Parents spend Rs36,000 on secondary
education in a government school for six years, and Rs3,96,000 in private schools. If the students
are studying in boarding, the cost is about To Rs 18 lakhs. The graduation and post-graduation
degrees in engineering, medicine, Science, and commerce are very costly.

3. Traditional Model Unable To Fulfill The Additional Capacity

The focus of the government is to raise its current gross enrolment ratio to 30% by 2020. At the
end of 2020, India will have the world’s largest young-age population and Second-largest
graduate talent generator internationally. However, the existing Educational infrastructure is not
supplied to meet the additional volume. The e-learning Can supplement the standard model, and
fill the gap to a significant extent.

38
4. Digital-Friendly Government Policies
The ruling government has announced several policies under the initiatives such as ‘Digital
India’ and ‘Skill India’ to promote digital literacy, develop a knowledge-based Society in India,
and apply three principles ‘access, equity and quality of the Education Policy.

e-Basta
e-Education
Nand Ghar
India Skills Online
In order to form digital infrastructure, the government has also launched National Optical Fibre
Network (NOFN) which focuses on expanding broadband connectivity and Faster networks.

Analysing the growth e-learning platform

The Indian education system is often the subject of debate over outdated curriculum, Rote
learning, cost of education, quality of teachers and lack of infrastructure. On the Positive side,
our country boasts of world-class institutes such as Indian Institute of Management (IIM), Indian
institute of Technology (IIT), All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) and Jawaharlal
Nehru University (JNU). We are also one of the Largest and oldest education systems in the
world.

The formal education in India still consists of traditional model or the brick-and-mortar Classes.
Students have to attend schools and colleges to complete their education. While the conventional
model is the commonly accepted mode of formal education across the world, the education
fraternity is opening up to online education or e-learnings it is also referred otherwise.
Everything is going online. And, so is education.

Scope of E-learning
Online education goes beyond the realms of secondary, post secondary and tertiary education. It
also includes courses and modules for competitive exam preparation, professional skill
enhancement, and other non-academic subjects.

Key categories of online education

Primary and secondary supplemental education Supplement to school learning for students
enrolled in primary and secondary classes in school.

39
Higher education Provide an alternative to traditional higher education courses
Test preparation Online programmes aimed at coaching students in preparation for competitive
Examinations.
Reskilling and online certifications market Courses designed to assist users in skill
enhancement, which may result in certification.
Language and casual learning Learning of non-academic subjects such as spoken English and
playing guitar.

E-learning is Big in India

According to a latest report, the Indian e-learning market size was USD247 million, comprising
1.6 million users in 2016. It is expected to witness an 8X growth to reach USD1.96 billion and
the current user base will grow at 44 percent CAGR to 9.6 million users by 2021.

In fact, India's e-learning market is the second largest after the US which is forecasted to grow by
15.64 percent and exceed $48 billion by 2020.

Key Drivers of E-learning Growth in India

The online education in India is evolving at a swift pace owing to the following factors:
1. Growth in internet and smartphone penetration
The number of internet users is expected to reach 730 million by 2020, almost double from what
it is today at 432 million. India may replace China to have the second largest users after the US.
Similarly, India is also the world's third largest smartphone market with a number of users
expected to reach 369 million by 2018. It is also estimated that mobile internet users will cross
300 million by the end of 2017 from 159 million users at pres The internet offers huge
accessibility to enrol for distance courses for the young demographic (15-40 years). They are the
most active consumers of smartphones and internet, and it is they who will be looking for online
learning modules to fulfil their educational requirements without having to move out of home,
office or city, and spending exorbitantly. The internet also makes diverse courses, degrees and
certifications from around the world easily accessible to urban as well as rural, and mentally or
physically restrained populations.

2. Cost of online education is low

40
A survey reveals that there has been a 175 % rise in the average annual private expenditure for
general education (primary level to post graduation and above) between 2008 and 2014. During
the same period, the annual cost of professional and technical education has increased by 96%.
Parents spend Rs36,000 on secondary education in government school for six years, and
Rs3,96,000 in private schools. If the kids are studying in boarding, the cost is close to Rs 18
lakhs. The graduate and post graduation degrees in engineering, medicine, science and
commerce are unusually expensive.

3. Traditional model unable to fulfil the additional capacity

The aim of the government is to raise its current gross enrolment ratio to 30% by 2020. India will
have the world's largest tertiary-age population and second largest graduate talent pipeline
globally by the end of 2020. However, the existing educational infrastructure is not equipped to
meet the additional capacity. The e-learning can supplement the conventional model, and bridge
the gap to a considerable extent.
4. Digital-friendly government policies
The ruling government has launched several programmes under the initiatives such as Digital
India' and 'Skill India' to spread digital literacy, create a knowledge-based society in India, and
implement three principles 'access, equity and quality of the
Education Policy.
e-Basta (schools books in digital form)
• e-Education (all schools connected with broadband and free Wifi in all schools and
develop MOOCs - develop pilot Massive Online Open Courses)
• Nand Ghars (digital tools as teaching aids)
• SWAYAM (MOOCs based on curriculum taught in classrooms from 9th class till
post-graduation)
• India Skills Online (learning portal for skill training) In order to establish digital infrastructure,
the government has also launched National Optical Fibre Network (NOFN) which aims to
expand broadband connectivity and faster network.

5. Demand among working professionals and job-seekers

The Indian job scenario is currently reeling under the twin pressure of layoffs and job paucity,
especially due to automation and slow-down in the global economy. According to a World Bank

41
report, automation is threatening 69% of jobs in India. There have been massive layoffs in IT,
BFSI, Telecom and Manufacturing sectors, and people are being replaced by technology driven
by machine learning and artificial intelligence.
The current unemployment rate is 5%, which is the highest in the last five years. With around 1
million Indians enter workforce every month and India's working age population expected to
reach 64% of the total population by 2021, there is a dire need of job creation. However, a report
warns that India is likely to face job shortage in the next 35 years.

It has also been found that 58% of unemployed graduates and 62% of unemployed postgraduates
say that non-availability of jobs matching their skill and education is as a primary reason for their
unemployment. The existing formal degree courses taught in India do not impart 'on-the-job'
skills.

Owing to all these factors, both job-seekers and working professionals feel a need to gain,
refresh or enhance skills through career advancement courses. They feel that such courses could
increase their chances of landing better jobs, switch jobs, get promotions, negotiate better pay
packages and stay industry-relevant. Online career courses are affordable, give hands-on
knowledge, can be completed in one-fourth time that of an offline course, and offer flexibility in
terms of personal schedule. They can be done anywhere, anytime at one's convenience.

Challenges are still Many

Online education is definitely has a bright future in India, but the journey is fraught with several
challenges.
1. Insufficient digital infrastructure
 While the government has been making efforts to create and improve a digital
 infrastructure across the country, there hasn't been any noteworthy progress. According
 to World Economic Forum, only 15 out of 100 households have access to the internet,
 and mobile broadband remains for a privileged few, with only 5.5 subscriptions for every
 100 people. Further, currently broadband reaches just about 600 corridors, largely in
 and around the top 50-100 Indian cities, leaving rural areas with poor connectivity.

2. Poor learning engagement

 In traditional classrooms, the student-teacher and peer-to-peer engagement is very
42
  high. Learners can approach the instructors and fellow students for feedback or
 discussions, and get their concerns addressed on-the-spot. E-learning is yet not
 developed to a level to stimulate open-ended or crowd learning, unless the courses are
 imparted live with the help of an online instructor.

3. Lack of standardization, credibility and quality

 The lack of standardization of online programmes and their formal acceptability still
 remain a concern. The e-learning players offer multiple courses on the same subjects
 with different levels of certifications, methodology and assessment parameters. Online
 courses are designed and imparted by different instructors, who may be given
 autonomy to design the curriculum. So, the quality of courses may differ across different
 e-learning platforms. Most online courses do not get academic credits, credibility and
 recognition in the traditional educational eco-system.

4. Language of the courses

 India is a multi-linguistic country, and a majority of the population comes from non-
urban
 areas. The online courses, mostly focus on English content. Hence, non-English
 speaking students struggle with the availability of vernacular content.
5. Low completion rates
 Online courses are self-paced learning. There is minimum or negligible motivation due
 to lack of face-to-face interaction. Hence, the completion rate of online courses is very
 low.
 Future Trends
 E-learning sector in India will witness the following trends in the next few years:
1. Hybrid model
There will be a convergence of online and offline education model. Online course providers will
work actively on providing supplementary education, such as after-school coaching, e-tutorials,
internships and live projects. They will also reach out to students at offline touch points like
group discussions and labs. There will be virtual classrooms where traditional offline pedagogy
will be aided by digital courses on practical knowledge and soft skills.

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2. Addition of new and offbeat subjects
Apart from the popular subjects like data science, cloud computing and digital marketing, the e-
learning curriculum will look to offer courses in unexpected subjects such as culinary
management, forensic science, cyber law, etc.
3. Gamification
In order to make learning more interesting, competitive and rewarding for academic students and
professionals, the digital courses will incorporate features such as badges, discounts and leader
boards. Corporates, educational institutions and e-learning platforms will come together to co-
develop content.
4. Peer-to-peer learning and profile mapping
E-learning providers will develop peer-to-peer model to establish collaborative learning between
students through notes and idea sharing on a common platform. Technology such as artificial
intelligence, big data, data analytics, facial recognition, etc., will be used to offer profile-based
customized courses.

5. Investor interest will grow

Over the last three years, there have been several high ticket deals in the Indian e-learning sector.
The Chan Zuckerberg Initiative has invested US$ 50 million in Byju's; Bertelsmann India has
put in $8.2 million in Eruditus; and Kaizen Management Advisors and DeVry Inc. have invested
US$ 10 million in EduPristine. Not to forget, Khan Academy, which has so far received financial
aid to the tunes of billions of rupees from Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, Google and
Netflix founder Reed Hestings, among a few others. So, the sector will continue to spark more
interest among the investors and attract funding.
E-learning has a promising future; it could be on its way to become the next sunrise industry.
However, it is highly unlikely that it will replace traditional learning; rather both models will
work in tandem. The trio of Content, Delivery and Access will act as a change-agent in shaping
up online education.

Importance of e-learning

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E-learning has been introduced to empower learners to get basic schooling and enhance skills.
Also, they can obtain a degree certificate, without actually attending school or university or any
other institution.
For tutors, it is a great source of earning, wherein they can teach from anywhere in their
preferred time.
Applying e-learning to all levels of schooling helped to ensure students grasp the lessons
adequately at a faster pace.
According to psychology, the audio-visual method of teaching leads to a disciplined learning
environment. There are an effective tutor and student engagements.
One of the importance of e-learning in education is that tutors and participants both can develop
advanced learning skills. For example, creating and selling ebooks is one such advancement.
E-learning has worked towards bringing learners, tutors, experts, practitioners, and other interest
groups to one place. Thus, there is a good practice of knowledge sharing followed through
different online platforms. This is important in current times as competition is rising and the
world is also growing. Hence, quick information helps in the better growth of an individual.

Market Research Analysis

Before going further with this research we shall have an understanding of market and market
research analysis. Every person understands the meaning of the market and can use any time to
explain the factors which affect the demand and supply of any customer goods and services. But
a person with a piece of specialized knowledge can not only understand the true essence of the
market but can actually come up with different marketing ideas as well. Let's understand the
market in an oceanic way.

What Is a Market?
A market is a place where two parties can gather to facilitate the exchange of goods and services.
The parties involved are usually buyers and sellers. The market may be physical like a retail
outlet, where people meet face-to-face, or virtual like an online market, where there is no direct
physical contact between buyers and sellers. The term market also takes on other forms. For
instance, it may refer to the place where securities are traded—the securities market.
Alternatively, the term may also be used to describe a collection of people who wish to buy a

45
specific product or service such as the Brooklyn real estate market or as broad as the global
diamond market.

A market is a composition of systems, institutions, procedures, social

relations or infrastructures whereby parties engage in exchange. While parties may exchange
goods and services by barter, most markets rely on sellers offering their goods or services
(including labour power) to buyers in exchange for money. It can be said that a market is the
process by which the prices of goods and services are established. Markets facilitate trade and
enable the distribution and resource allocation in a society. Markets allow any trade-able item to
be evaluated and priced. A market emerges more or less spontaneously or may be constructed
deliberately by human interaction in order to enable the exchange of rights (cf. ownership) of
services and goods. Markets generally supplant gift economies and are often held in place
through rules and customs, such as a booth fee, competitive pricing, and source of goods for sale
(local produce or stock registration).
Markets can differ by products (goods, services) or factors (labour and capital) sold, product
differentiation, place in which exchanges are carried, buyers targeted, duration, selling process,
government regulation, taxes, subsidies, minimum wages, price ceilings, legality of exchange,
liquidity, intensity of speculation, size, concentration, exchange asymmetry, relative prices,
volatility and geographic extension. The geographic boundaries of a market may vary
considerably, for example the food market in a single building, the real estate market in a local
city, the consumer market in an entire country, or the economy of an international trade
bloc where the same rules apply throughout. Markets can also be worldwide, see for example the
global diamond trade. National economies can also be classified as developed
markets or developing markets.
In mainstream economics, the concept of a market is any structure that allows buyers and sellers
to exchange any type of goods, services and information. The exchange of goods or services,
with or without money, is a transaction.[1] Market participants consist of all the buyers and
sellers of a good who influence its price, which is a major topic of study of economics and has
given rise to several theories and models concerning the basic market forces of supply and
demand. A major topic of debate is how much a given market can be considered to be a "free
market", that is free from government intervention. Microeconomics traditionally focuses on the

46
study of market structure and the efficiency of market equilibrium; when the latter (if it exists) is
not efficient, then economists say that a market failure has occurred. However, it is not always
clear how the allocation of resources can be improved since there is always the possibility
of government failure.

Understanding Markets
Technically speaking, a market is any place where two or more parties can meet to engage in an
economic transaction—even those that don't involve legal tender. A market transaction may
involve goods, services, information, currency, or any combination of the Understanding
Markets Technically speaking, a market is any place where two or more parties can meet to
engage in an economic transaction-even those that don't involve legal tender. A market
transaction may involve goods, services, information, currency, or any combination of these that
pass from one party to another.

A key part of operating a business is understanding your industry and the market you are serving.
That means analyzing the competition, the opportunity for growth and your audience or customer
base. One of the most important first steps to understanding the market is knowing your
customers.

It is important to have an understanding of markets and sub-markets (and the firm’s product-
market definition) at the starting point of the market segmentation process. This is because it is a
common mistake to ‘segment’ a market based on products, rather than segmenting by consumer
group. This mistake usually happens by confusing a sub-market with a market segment.

As highlighted in the definition above, sub-markets usually have some unique market aspects.
For example, in the credit card sub-market, there are some large specialist competitors, such as
American Express and Diners’ Club. These are significant players in this sub-market, but do not
tend to significantly compete in the broader banking market. Credit cards are often successfully
sold via direct mail, direct response TV advertising, in shopping centre intercepts (direct selling),
and through retail store partners (such as department stores).

It would be quite unusual for the other banking sub-markets (such as home loans) to effectively
use these particular distribution channels or promotional techniques.

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Types of Market

A market is one of the many varieties of systems, institutions, procedures, social

relations and infrastructures whereby parties engage in exchange. While parties may exchange
goods and services by barter, most markets rely on sellers offering their goods or services
(including labour) in exchange for money from buyers. It can be said that a market is the process
by which the prices of goods and services are established. Markets facilitate trade and enable the
distribution and allocation of resources in a society. Markets allow any trade-able item to be
evaluated and priced. A market sometimes emerges more or less spontaneously or may be
constructed deliberately by human interaction in order to enable the exchange of rights
(cf. ownership) of services and goods.
Markets of varying types can spontaneously arise whenever a party has interest in a good or
service that some other party can provide. Hence there can be a market for cigarettes in
correctional facilities, another for chewing gum in a playground, and yet another for contracts for
the future delivery of a commodity. There can be black markets, where a good is exchanged
illegally, for example markets for goods under a command economy despite pressure to repress
them and virtual markets, such as eBay, in which buyers and sellers do not physically interact
during negotiation. A market can be organized as an auction, as a private electronic market, as a
commodity wholesale market, as a shopping center, as complex institutions such as international
markets and as an informal discussion between two individuals.
Markets vary in form, scale (volume and geographic reach), location and types of participants as
well as the types of goods and services traded. The following is a non exhaustive list:

Physical consumer markets

 Food retail markets: farmers' markets, fish markets, wet markets and grocery stores
 Retail marketplaces: public markets, market squares, Main Streets, High
Streets, bazaars, souqs, night markets, shopping strip malls and shopping malls
 Big-box stores: supermarkets, hypermarkets and discount stores
 Ad hoc auction markets: process of buying and selling goods or services by offering them
up for bid, taking bids and then selling the item to the highest bidder
 Used goods markets such as flea markets

48
  Temporary markets such as fairs
 Real estate markets
Physical business markets
 Physical wholesale markets: sale of goods or merchandise to retailers; to industrial,
commercial, institutional, or other professional business users or to other wholesalers and
related subordinated services
 Markets for intermediate goods used in production of other goods and services
 Labour markets: where people sell their labour to businesses in exchange for a wage
 Online auctions and Ad hoc auction markets: process of buying and selling goods or
services by offering them up for bid, taking bids and then selling the item to the highest
bidder
 Temporary markets such as trade fairs
 Energy markets
Non-physical markets
 Media markets (broadcast market): is a region where the population can receive the same
(or similar) television and radio station offerings and may also include other types of
media including newspapers and Internet content
 Internet markets (electronic commerce): trading in products or services using computer
networks, such as the Internet
 Artificial markets created by regulation to exchange rights for derivatives that have been
designed to ameliorate externalities, such as pollution permits (see carbon trading).
Financial Markets
Financial markets facilitate the exchange of liquid assets. Most investors prefer investing in two
markets:
 The stock markets, for the exchange of shares in corporations (NYSE, AMEX and
the NASDAQ are the most common stock markets in the United States)
 The bond markets

There are also:

 Currency markets are used to trade one currency for another, and are often used for
speculation on currency exchange rates

49
  The money market is the name for the global market for lending and borrowing
 Futures markets, where contracts are exchanged regarding the future delivery of goods
are often an outgrowth of general commodity markets
 Prediction markets are a type of speculative market in which the goods exchanged are
futures on the occurrence of certain events; they apply the market dynamics to facilitate
information aggregation
 Insurance markets
 Debt markets

Black Market
A black market refers to an illegal market where transactions occur without the knowledge of the
government or other regulatory agencies. Many black markets exist in order to circumvent
existing tax laws. This is why many involve cash-only transactions or other forms of currency,
making them harder to track. Many black markets exist in countries with planned or command
economies—where in the government controls the production and distribution of goods and
services—and in countries that are developing. When there is a shortage of certain goods and
services in the economy, members of the black market step in and fill the void. Black markets
can also exist in developed economies as well. This is prevalent when prices control the sale of
certain products or services, especially when demand is high. Ticket scalping is one example.
When demand for concert tickets are high, scalpers will step in and sell them at inflated prices on
the black market.

Auction Market An auction market brings many people together for the sale and purchase of
specific lots of goods. The buyers or bidders try to top each other for the purchase price. The
items up for sale end up going to the highest bidder.

How Markets Work

Markets are arenas in which buyers and sellers can gather and interact. In general, only two
parties are needed to make a trade, at minimum a third party is needed to introduce competition
and bring balance to the market. As such, a market in a state of perfect competition, among other
things, is necessarily characterized by a high number of active buyers and sellers.

50
The market establishes the prices for goods and other services. These rates are determined by
supply and demand. Supply is created by the sellers, while demand is generated by buyers.
Markets try to find some balance in price when supply and demand are themselves in balance.
But that balance can in itself be disrupted by factors other than price including incomes,
expectations, technology, the cost of production, and the number of buyers and sellers in the
market.

Markets may emerge organically or as a means of enabling ownership rights over goods,
services, and information. When on a national or other more specific regional level, markets may
often be categorized as "developed" markets or "developing" markets, depending on many
factors, including income levels and the nation or region's openness to foreign trade.

Special Considerations: Regulating Markets

Other than black markets, most markets are subject to rules and regulations set by a regional or
governing body that determines the market's nature. This may be the case when the regulation is
as wide-reaching and as widely recognized as an international trade agreement, or as local and
temporary as a pop-up street market where vendors self-regulate through market forces.
In the United States, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) regulates the stock, bond,
and currency markets. Although it may not have full control of the nation's exchanges, it does
have provisions in place to prevent fraud while ensuring traders and investors have the right
information to make the most informed decisions possible.

The Differences Between Traditional Learning And E-learning Process

Traditional Learning Process E-Learning Process

Face to Face attendance Use of Multimedia as
communication type
Lecturer are follows up all Use of online technology
participants
Lecturer are real in the class Sharing knowledge between peer-

51
 students and with lecturers
Time distributing shortly between Time free in addition to location
big numbers of learners and when they connected
Lecturer focus on Lecturer focus of skills and
acquisition of “Knowing” acquisition of “doing”

Comparison between e-learning and traditional learning

E-learning allows educationalists to get a higher degree of coverage to communicate the message
reliably for their target listeners. This ensures that all learners receive the same type of training
with this learning mode. However, despite the popularity of online education, vast groups of
people intentionally stay away from such methods, mostly due to a false impression. At the same
time, despite the rising popularity of online courses, traditional classroom training is the majority
of the student's choice. Unlike online learning, the classroom learning method is more real and
students have an opportunity to debate, deliberate, and discuss with their class teachers and
friends. In this context, a comparison between e-learning and traditional learning on students'
knowledge improvement is presented in table -5.
Table-5: Comparison between e-learning and traditional learning

Classification Respondents Percentage

Yes 74 42.29
No 51 29.14
Maybe 50 28.57
Total 175 100

Among 175 respondents, around 42.29 percent of students are highly preferred e-learning
because they are learning more advanced technical courses only through online. Since soft skills
are highly essential for present job market students are keen to learn from e-learning. But at the
same time still, more than 28.57 percent of the students are considered that classroom learning is
better than e-learning. It is evident from table-5, maximum numbers of respondents are expressed
that e-learning is useful and more satisfactory.

E-Learning during Lockdown of Covid-19 Pandemic: A Global Perspective

52
E-learning has become the mandatory component of all educational institutions like schools,
colleges, and universities in and around the world due to the pandemic crisis of COVID-19. This
deadly situation has flipped out the offline teaching process. E-learning provides an effective
teaching method that brings out the best in students. To find out the student's attitude towards e-
learning, primary data has been collected from national and international wise through Google
forms which include the student community from various schools, colleges, and universities.
This research paper aims to study the E-learning process among students who are familiar with
web-based technology. It also helps to find out solutions to improve the self-study skills of
students. The stratified sampling method has been adopted in this study and the sample size is
175 across the world. The findings of the study reflect the impact of E-learning, students’ interest
in using E-learning resources, and their performance. In conclusion, this study shows that E-
learning has become quite popular among the students all over the world particularly, the
lockdown period due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
The purpose of education is to mold a person to be perfect. Education provides the pathway to
reach their destiny. Education helps in inculcating social responsibilities as well. The main core
of education is to learn. Learning is a process of acquiring knowledge or skills through study,
experience, or being taught. Any freak accident that happens in the world will always leave its
impact on education. And so the epidemic of COVID 19 has its footprints on education. The
outbreak of this dangerous virus across the globe has forced educational institutions to shut down
to control the spread of this virus. This happening made the teaching professionals think of
alternative methods of teaching during this lockdown. And thus it paves the way towards web-
based learning or e-learning or online learning. In today's scenario learning has stepped into the
digital world. In which teaching professionals and students are virtually connected. E-learning is
quite simple to understand and implement. The use of a desktop, laptop, or smartphones and the
internet forms a major component of this learning methodology. E-learning provides rapid
growth and proved to be the best in all sectors, especially in education during this lockdown.
Significance of the Study
This study will help to find out the students' attitudes towards e-learning during COVID – 19
Pandemic. This study was done for the students who are studying in various colleges and
universities and even schools to gain additional information regarding the contribution of e-
learning during this pandemic. It can be a learning paradigm in educational institutions to

53
enhance the student's knowledge and skills through digital technologies. Government and
Educational Department has to provide better infrastructure for elearning for the betterment of
students.
Objectives
1. To know the global trend of using E-learning resources among students.
2. To identify the interest and attitude of students towards using E-learning resources across
the world.
3. To suggest prospects in using E-learning resources by students across the world.
Methodology
This study is based on primary data. The data have been collected from students, who are
currently pursuing their undergraduate degrees in different colleges and universities. The online
questionnaire through Google Forms has been prepared for collecting data. Among the students,
only 175 samples are scrutinized based on the stratified sampling method. The period of study is
the month of April 2020.
Analysis
Current Trends in E-Learning and Future Scenario
E-Learning is an emerging methodology of modern education. It is gradually growing very
fast for last two decades in the education sector. All the university, schools and companies
started offering online courses to satisfy the student needs, and to improve employee
effectiveness. E-Learning can deliver more value at very less cost than any other traditional
mode of education. This advantage is attached with high-operating leverage for e-Learning
companies, should translate them into elevated margins and returns on capital in the industry.
E-Learning provides more advantage and user friendly even though it has disadvantages.
There are many issues that remain to be resolved including problems with assessment,
plagiarism and high drop-out rates encountered at E-Learning. The findings released by the
MIT-Harvard MOOCs collaboration are also known as edX with a University of Pennsylvania
study that concluded only 4 percent of people who register for online course actually finished
them. E-Learning provide classes as recorded lectures, E-Books, Blogs, Wikis etc. but it do
not concentrate on the learner’s perception. On considering these issues it is forward for
research which is discussed as further. By the way the course will be getting more effective in
psychological perceptive of learner and it will create an effective teaching and learning

54
process. This study is based on the current trends of E-Learning and its future scenario
towards the research process on educational technology. The scope of the e-learning has
spread its root wide and depth in all educational institutions varies from schools to colleges
and even in organisation for training and development for their employees.
E-Learning is fast and easy way of teaching and learning through network technologies which
gains most powerful response in the present education trend. It is used worldwide from k-12
schooling, education institutions and various sectors of corporate world. The current work forces
expected to be highly knowledgeable and skilled. It also expects that the learning process should
take place continuously and acquire new skills by engaging in lifelong learning. E-Learning
takes place in two ways for which involvement of the candidate with self discipline and self-
motivation at higher degree is required. Synchronous method allows more number of candidates
to learn, to exchange ideas and views at the same time. Asynchronous is independent learning
method. A recent study reveals that Asia is in leading growth rate of 17.3% which is followed by
Eastern Europe -16.9%, Africa – 15.2%, and Latin America – 14.6%,it is expected, by 2016 the
revenue of E-Learning market may reach $51.5billion. From Morgan & Keegan point of view,
the amount spends on all modes of education go beyond $750 billion in the USA and it exceeds
$2 trillion worldwide. When compared with other sectors in education industry, the revenue from
E-Learning is surpassing. The venture capitalist estimated the US market capitalization of the
listed companies involved in E learning as US $50Billion, which will reach $US200 in 3 years
this is greater than the asset value of Australia’s 36 to 37 universities added together. Kate Fry,
(2001). Growth of e-learning not only depended on infrastructure but also on few intangible
things like perception of students, teachers, etc. Current research focuses on reasons for drop-out
ratio, one of the major challenges faced by e-learning industry. The challenges are perception
and readiness of the students and teachers towards the e-learning and the solution to overcome it.

Review of Literature
The e-learning has undergone many changes and the growth and development is tremendous in
the short duration of time. Technology enhancement has made the e-learning simpler and
provides more choice to the users. This paper discuss of the perception of users and the evolution
of e-learning indifferent stages.

55
Evolution of E-Learning
Multimedia Learning
Multimedia learning as the name suggestsit’s the learning offered with the combination of two or
more media such as audio, video, images and music etc... So the traditional education materials
are translated into interactive electronic form due to multimedia technology and authorized tool.
It helps the teacher, student and whole education system to revamp their educational design
process curriculum into interactive and rich media learning. It helps to make communication
process strong and reinforcing and innovative methods of learning and teaching process. This
methodology gains its popularity since it motivates the student and provides numerous ways to
express the views and ideas. Due to the multimedia technology, the retention rates of the learners
is about 75% which is greater than 40% rate from see and hear method and 20% from they see
only method. Tse-Kian Neo (Ken) Mai Neo, (2004), Bernard Scott Chunyu Cong, (2010).

Technology-Enhanced Learning (TEL)

The learning enriched with technology enhancement i.e. learning process aided with or delivered
in any form of technology like internet , computers , video conferencing, etc. the technology
enhanced learning benefits both the provider and the learner. In provider perspective it is
efficient cost saving to performance and other strategic benefits. For learners it includes instant
and personalized feedback, Reusable learning material and a lively
environment.TechnologyEnhanced Learning surpasses time, location and circumstances. It offers
the student the option of time, place and bring out different learning style. It’s a broad spectrum
at one point of time it include course with simple electronic syllabus, while the opposite end is
with a vigorous, multimedia rich, interactive, collaborative online course. The integration of
technology and the type and amount of technology is based on the objectives and the content of
the course and the teaching methodology. Carol Rainsford Eamonn Murphy, (2005).

Computer-Based Instruction
Rapid development of communication and information technology results in usage of computer
for education. It provide comfortable environment for students for learning. Computer-Based
Instruction helps to create interest and motivation among students. The development and usage
of multimedia such as audio-visual materials, animation, etc resulted in development of
computer based techniques. The teaching and learning activity that uses the computer is known

56
as Computer-Based Instruction. It is an add-on complement to the class room education and it
motivates students and provides an interesting and exciting study atmosphere. Much software
was produced for Computer-Based Instruction to solve the troubles in course and to avoid
pessimistic efforts of memory based learning system. It serves as teaching material and also
helps student for creating tables, calculation, etc for whole subjects. Roger Miles, (1977).

Computer Managed Instruction

The use of technology with the help of computers to faculties and guide them the key feature of
computer managed instruction used are testing, analysis and record keeping. It also instructs and
judges the performance of each student at regular intervals of time. The computer managed
instruction includes simulation, problem solving program, etc. the system is effective only if the
tutor is proficient with the utilization of computer. (Fall Joint Computer Conference, 1970,
Quality Educational Development, Inc., Washington, D.C)

Computer-Based Training
The Computer-Based Training is for tutors whereas Computer-Based Training is for both
education and industry. since the level of programming skills required for working with high
technology and involves high cost but with less or no market viability. It involves more analyst
and technicians so it’s very expensive process. Dennis James, (1987).

Computer-Assisted Instruction
Computer-Based Training is done with help of analyst whereas Computer-Assisted Instruction is
highly automated form of learning system. It includes simulation that adds realism and wide
variety to learning. In this each student is provided with a computer terminal. It reduces the cost,
danger and other factors that limit the scope for practical activities. It is mainly used for science
which uses many illustration and demonstration. The key concept is that computer can adjust the
instructional sequence according to the individual sequences according to the Progress and
Needs of the student. Roger Miles, (1977)

Web Based Learning

The above mentioned types of learning are offline learning. Web Based Learning is online
learning but when it was introduced, this technology is unknown to trainers.At later stage when
compared to other modes, it helps to get the desired outcomes. The business people started to
realize that it is easy and effective as well as less expensive way to train the employees. When

57
conducted survey on WBT regarding its effectiveness most of the participants were from
organization that implemented78% of internet and the organization which are intending to 69%
of it.Tim Kelby, (2001).

Virtual Learning Environment

Virtual Learning Environment is a web based learning but it gives the class room atmosphere
virtually i.e. it provides virtual access to class, exam and assessment etc… It is a component of
current distance learning system. But it can be integrated in the physical learning and provide
blended learning. The virtual learning is of two ways synchronous and asynchronous.

Synchronous is group of student gathered in a physical place and a teacher conduct class in
virtual environment but they can communicate with each other. Asynchronous learning is
independent learning but students are expected to complete the learning process, assignment
etc… within the dead line. The students and teachers from different places can communicate and
collaborate virtually with the help of virtual learning environment, they can present power points,
raise questions and debate using tools available in application. Nicholas Joint, (2005).

M-Learning
Mobile learning is different from the traditional class room based learning. The learning can be
take place at anywhere and anytime with the help of personal education devices like MP3,
handheld computers. It replaces books and notes with these small devices. It provides the
facilities like mobility to learners, time and location convenience. This method has proven
increase in exam score, percentile and reduce the technical dropout rate by 22%. It also plays
vital role for storing the information and information management in Department of Defense
(DOD) and Department of Homeland Security (DHS), etc.Yong Liu Shengnan Han Hongxiu Li,
(2010).

Massive Open Online Course MOOCs

Massive Open Online Courses is one of the online learning models to connect and collaborate
the way, on engaging the learning process. MOOCs are an open online course which built to
share information and it is an event where, people talk about the topic and work together in a
structured way. The work gets done in an accessible way, to read, reflect and comment on it. The
course content is distributed in blog spot, discussion boards, video response, articles, tweets and

58
tags where all together need to create a network. Significantly, MOOCs is build to engage the
learners to self-organize their participation with reference to their prior knowledge and skills and
their interest and goals. It allows students to have global reach, develop knowledge and help to
attain their learning goals by providing high quality course. Any number of students can take
part in the subject they offer. Thomas Clarke, (2013)

Selective Open Online Course SOOCs

The selective open online courses are similar to massive open online courses but with different
types namely private and selective. The private is for practical purpose similar to traditional
online courses. The selective type is the innovative, i.e. anyone can apply but the enrolment is
limited it is a next generation MOOCs. Even though, SOOCs numbers are less, but they are
immense when compared to traditional on ground courses. The courses are free but its restricted
to smaller number ranging around tens and hundreds. The selective criteria of SOOCs help to
overcome the critical problem that overwhelmed MOOCs: one- low level of active participation,
low retention rates & variable student backgrounds and much more. The limited enrolments of
SOOCs have become serious & Effective online learning platform. The gap between the gap
staff& Student leads to issue in interaction and in shifts to peer to peer supports for guidance and
feedback. The selection criteria help to overcome the above difficulties and pave the way for
success. In SOOCs for first few weeks student accept and based on their performance level, they
will be retained. In other words it’s a two stages enrolment process that’s initially open to all but
became selective progressively at later. (Source:.http://etcjournal.com/ 2013/09/26/spocs-are-
mooc-game-changers/).

LITERATURE REVIEW

59
On 3 January, 2019, parliament amended Section 16 of the Right to Education (RTE) Act,
popularly known as the 'No Detention Policy' (NDP). The policy guaranteed promotion through
class 1-8 for all children, irrespective of their readiness. The now amended policy allows states
to frame rules that could reintroduce detention in class 5 or class 8.
The rationale provided for the amendment is as follows: with guaranteed promotion, students and
teachers feel no compulsion to learn or teach, which has an adverse impact on learning. The sub-
text being — high stakes exams help drive learning. This notion was tackled by the original
framers of RTE, who argued that exams create unnecessary pressure, and detention as a
consequence of exams, is unhealthy for children. Holding children back in classrooms where
they have failed to learn, without changing anything about the teaching-learning process, doesn't
improve learning. It
leads to children dropping out. Additionally, detention in early classes labels children as 'failures'
too soon; and for that reason alone, detention in elementary school should be prohibited.
It should be noted that RTE did not introduce the idea of no-detention in all states. Pre-RTE,
several states already had automatic promotion till class 5 or 8. While states like Haryana,
Kerala, and Uttar Pradesh allowed student detention as early as class 2, 14 out of 28 states1
detained children only in class 5 or above. If the NDP was responsible for declining student
outcomes, then this decline should have been observed pre-RTE as well, and not just post.
However, this trend is not borne out in data.
National Achievement Survey (NAS)2 data shows that between 2003 and 2007, 19 out of 28
states with a no-detention policy showed improvements in learning. In other words, states
improved their results in 2007 without detaining students. Positive trends in reading were
reported in the early ASER surveys of 2005-2007 as well. Curiously, learning outcomes dipped
soon after. ASER series data (presented below) captured a falling trend in learning, and the
ASER 2012 report noted a correlation between the passing of RTE, and slide in learning levels.
The growing concern around India's public education might not be misplaced, given the
worsening state of the country's primary and secondary education. While poor learning at the
primary level has been discussed and documented at length for a while now, two national
surveys—the Annual State of Education Report (ASER) 2017 and the National Achievement
Survey (NAS) 2017—hammer home the point that a large number of adolescents in the country
are not adequately prepared for the future. UDISE reveals that almost 40 percent of the eligible

60
student population is not enrolled in secondary school. Moreover, while initially absent, a gender
gap emerges as children get older, with more girls dropping out than boys. This is not surprising
given there are only 14 secondary schools for every 100 elementary schools. Large distances
increase the cost of education as well as concerns around safety, especially for girls. Moreover,
on an average, 50 percent of secondary schools are privately managed, which means that in
addition to covering large distances to get to school, students also pay to complete secondary
education. The problem lies in weak foundations While the deck is already stacked against
students, the most revealing insight in the report is that most students drop out due to a ‘lack of
interest in studies.' This should be expected since students come out at the end of the elementary
cycle with weak foundational knowledge. The NAS district reports show that in many districts,
students in Grade 8 scored only 30-40 percent (or lower) in Math. This finding is corroborated
by ASER, which reports that, despite completing eight years of elementary education, students
struggle to apply literacy and numeracy skills to everyday tasks such as tallying weights or
decoding instructions on an ORS sachet. Without foundational knowledge, students are bound to
struggle in higher grades, where the curriculum is more exacting. Another interesting finding in
the ASER report pertains to girls. Despite near equal enrolment at the primary stage, 7 percent of
adolescent girls surveyed in ASER say they have no plans of studying or working, and expect to
tend to their/their husbands' homes for the rest of their lives. These findings are sobering as they
tell the story of a generation let down by education. But, at this point, a pause must replace panic.
Traditional education is also called customary education or conventional education. The main
motive of traditional education is to pass on the values, manners skills and the social practice to
the next generation which is necessary for their survival. In traditional education the student
learns about the customs and tradition of the society in which he lives. This type of education is
mostly imparted to the students by the means of oral recitation. There is very less written work or
practical work. The students simply sit down together and listen to the teacher or another who
will recite the lesson. The tradition does not include written tests but it includes some oral tests
which are not very formal. Traditional education is very far from the use of science and
technology. Neither the education about sciences we study today in a great detail is imparted in
the traditional education system. Traditional education system basically included the knowledge
about customs, traditions, and religions. That is why it is called traditional education. Modern
education is very different from traditional education. The education which is taught in the

61
schools today is modern education. Modern education teaches about the skills required today that
is the skills of science and technology, science of medical science etc. In addition to listening,
modern education includes writing,
visualizing, imagining, and thinking skills. This type of education also includes written tests to
examine if the students are learning properly or not. This is done in a very formal way. The
methodology used for teaching is very interactive. Modern education is just an evolution of the
traditional education which was imparted to the students a few years back. Traditional and
modern educations are both related to each other and different from each other also. In the early
history of our country, there was a time where there were no schools. The children acquired the
education or knowledge from their ancestors. At that time this knowledge focused only on the
skills required for survival. The people who lived in jungles got the education from their
ancestors who taught them how to hunt animals for their food, how to use animal skins for
different purposes, how to make tools. They were taught about their rituals or the customs they
followed. They were taught about the religions the followed.
They taught them the stories of their gods and kings from which they could learn good morals.
The kings used to send their sons to schools which were called gurukuls in India. In these
gurukuls they were taught how to use different weapons, how to protect themselves and how to
attack their enemies. They were also taught the basic principle of ruling an empire. These types
of schools were not meant for the local population. It could only be accessed by the royal
families. The rest of the children in the empire learnt the skill which their parents possessed from
them. As the democratic government was established in the coming years, the importance of
education spread throughout the country. Schools were opened where any kind of students could
come and learn. This was the establishment of modern education. The scenario of education
which now is totally different from the scenario which was a few years back, At that time
modern education was not considered good and today traditional education is not considered
enough. As the needs of the people are changing, the education system also has to change. And
this change should be accepted by the people. Earlier the people used to teach their children how
to Fulfill their needs. This was the basic aim behind education.
And the aim now is still the same. The only thing which has changed is the need of People. With
the passing time, the things which were a luxury at that time have formed The basic needs now.
As the needs grew, the education had to grow. If education did not Evolve, then it would be

62
difficult to Fulfill the needs of today. Traditional education which Was provided in schools was
not meant for all the children. There was a lot of Discrimination between the children. It was
considered that education was meant for Only high society people. The children who belonged to
the families of lower society Were not allowed to enter the schools. Traditional education was
not meant for Everyone. Modern education is accessible by all. Anyone can take admission in a
School and learn modern education. We can say that it is because of modern education That
modern education is accessible by all children. As modern education spread, the Principle of
equality was taught. Both the types of education have their own place and Importance. We
cannot declare any type of education good or bad. The tradition was Good in its period and
modern education is good in its period. Actually, it depends on the Person. It depends on what
the person wants to learn. If a person wants to learn about His customs and religion, then
definitely traditional education is better for him. On the Other hand, if a person wants to learn
about science or mathematics, then modern
Education is good for him. Both types of education are equally important. Traditional Education
is often associated with our culture. And it is good or we can say it is Important to learn about
our own culture. Everyone should know what are their Traditions, culture and the stories and
beliefs of their religion. In the same way, it is Equally important to catch up with the world in
terms of the modern developments which Are occurring today. This describes the importance of
modern education. Modern Education is required to stay in touch with the whole world and to
see what is happening In the world. It is difficult to infer which education is better. Both the
types have their own Importance. Both the types are also similar to each and different to each
other. Modern Education is inherited from traditional education. But due to modern education,
Traditional education is being neglected which would result in losing our culture. Traditional
education and modern education, both should be given equal importance.

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OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
The main goal of the study is to focus on the effect of targeted audience requirements, issue and
emotion have on the branding of its employer, which is to be done through market analysis.

In order to achieve 2 objectives are:-

1)To explore those factors which possess the power in the selection of e-learning.
2)to understand how organisation policies can affect the choice of consumers. The first factor
focuses on the objectives of understanding the factors which drive customers to learn from an
online source. This will give a brief idea of the picture of a consumer’s mindset. This could
contain some pros and cons factors, depending on how much they understand the concept of e-
learning and have knowledge about a particular field.

The knowledge of consumers affects the choice of the consumer which ash a drastic impact on
employee brand. A way to influence a brand must give some positive factors that influence
choices among customers.

They say policies are pulses of organisation. It is said policies are the reasons which give the
reason for a consumer to turn towards a particular brand. The policies must be aligned parallel
with the needs of both consumers and the organisation. It is clearly proven a satisfied consumer
is an artist that draws the picture of the brand in the market by telling it about it to others. So here
comes the second objective: policies not only affect the image of the brand in the market but also
affect the choice of consumers as well.

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RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
The research methodology used in this project to acquire data is from quantitative methods .
Here the data which is collected to carry out research os primary , which was collected from a
sample group of Some students. then the collected data is analysed and interpreted and the
visualization is provided below.
Methodology is the study of research methods, or, more formally, "'a contextual framework' for
research, a coherent and logical scheme based on views, beliefs, and values, that guides the
choices researchers [or other users] make".
It comprises the theoretical analysis of the body of methods and principles associated with a
branch of knowledge such that the methodologies employed from differing disciplines vary
depending on their historical development. This creates a continuum of methodologies that
stretch across competing understandings of how knowledge and reality are best understood. This
situates methodologies within overarching philosophies and approaches.
Methodology may be visualized as a spectrum from a predominantly quantitative approach
towards a predominantly qualitative approach. Although a methodology may conventionally sit
specifically within one of these approaches, researchers may blend approaches in answering their
research objectives and so have methodologies that are multimethod and/or interdisciplinary.
Overall, a methodology does not set out to provide solutions - it is therefore, not the same as a
method. Instead, a methodology offers a theoretical perspective for understanding which method,
set of methods, or best practices can be applied to the research question(s) at hand.

65
DATA COLLECTION
The data is collected from sources of students indeed in form of questionnaire, as collecting
primary data by any other means was beyond scope, so in the project it is mainly some factors
and particulars are being analysed through which the objective of research is fulfilled. The
analysis is divided in two parts for better understanding the first part is done through some
variables which were collected through sample data.
And the latter part of the analysis is done using the data collected from online review platforms.
The variables which are used in this parts are namely, market factory, economy, choices, benefits
and knowledge.

Data Analysis
The revolution of information and global based availability of technology has a major impact on
contemporary education. It is playing a major role in all new pedagogical skills in education at
all levels. There are many available sources online to learn from wherever you need it. Digital
devices and gadgets do not only provide students to engage in entertainment, but also make
more opportunities for them to engage in learning activities. In this context, student's
willingness towards e-learning is presented in table-1.

Table-1: Student’s willingness towards e-learning

Classification Respondents Percentage

Yes 144 82.29
No 9 5.14
Maybe 22 12.57
Total 175 100

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Among 175 respondents, around 82.29 percent of students reported their willingness to learn
from esources. Around 12.57 percent of them were opined in somewhat they are learning from e-
sources because there are no other alternatives. Since the classes and education institutions are
stand to closed due to Corona, they have only depended on e-learning, most majority of the
institutions, where the students have participated in this survey are have encouraged to learn
through e-sources. And only 5.14 percent of them were not willing to learn because of a lack of
connectivity. It is evident from the Table-1; a maximum number of respondents are engaged to
learn from e-based learning.

Improvement of student's self-study skill through E-learning

Today's learner's expectation is very different from the past after globalization education has
become more associated with digital and mobile paced. Students have wanted learning materials
that are accessible through online mode in mobile phones and computers. The main reason for e-
learning is that the students can learn at their comfort and requirement. In this context, the
improvement of student's self-study skills through e-learning is presented in table-2.

Table-2: E-learning improves your self-study skill

Classification Respondents Percentage

Yes 145 82.86
No 8 4.57
Maybe 22 12.57
Total 175 100

Among 175 respondents, around 82.86 percent of students have reported their self-study skills to
improve because of e-learning. Around 12.57 percent of them were opined in somewhat they are
learning from e-sources because there are no other alternatives. Since the classes and education
institutions are stand to closed due to Corona, they have only depended on e-learning, most
majority of the institutions, where the students have participated in this survey are have
encouraged to learn through e-sources. And only 4.57 percent of them were not supposed that the
e-source alone can improve their self-study skills. It is evident from the Table-2, a maximum
number of respondents are viewed that, e-based learning improves their self study skills.
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Satisfaction level of the students on the online mock test
Student assessment is one of the important methods of the evaluation process in the education
system. Various methods are being adopted to understand the students learning capacity. The
online way of learning a mock test is a prompt method which is a highly acceptable one. It is
even more important during the quarantine time. Moreover, the mock test is a more effective and
systematic method to extract student's abilities and understand their respective lessons, in this
context, the satisfaction level of the students on online mock test is presented in table -3.

Table 3: Satisfaction level of the students on the online mock test

Classification Respondents Percentage

Yes 128 73.14
No 18 10.29
Maybe 29 16.57
Total 175 100

Among 175 respondents, around 73.14 percent of students are satisfied with web-based mock
test participation. They asserted that it is more convenient and aptitude based. Around 16.57
percent of them are opinioned that, it may be useful since the students are pursuing online
competitive examinations. And only 10.29 percent of them are certain that the web-based mock
test is not sufficient for their expectation level. It is evident from the table-3, a maximum number
of respondents is keen to participate in the mock test.

The usefulness of the e-learning at quarantine Time

During this time of medical emergency, many education institutions are some simple measures
have taken to learn during the quarantine time. Students are motivated and provided a link to
helpful material for their upcoming semester examination. Colleges are encouraged to be planned
towards e-learning, in this context; the usefulness of the e-learning at quarantine time is
presented in table-4.

Table-4: The usefulness of the e-learning at quarantine time

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 Classification Respondents Percentage
Yes 141 80.57
No 9 5.14
Maybe 25 14.29
Total 175 100

Among 175 respondents, around 80.57 percent of students are opinioned that e-learning is very
useful during the quarantine time. Around 14.29 percent of them is the attitude that it may be
useful since the students are pursuing online competitive examinations. And only 5.14 percent of
them are not positive on elearning during quarantine time. It is evident from the table-4,
maximum numbers of respondents are expressed that e-learning is useful and more satisfactory.

Comparison between e-learning and traditional learning

E-learning allows educationalists to get a higher degree of coverage to communicate the message
reliably for their target listeners. This ensures that all learners receive the same type of training
with this learning mode. However, despite the popularity of online education, vast groups of
people intentionally stay away from such methods, mostly due to a false impression. At the same
time, despite the rising popularity of online courses, traditional classroom training is the majority
of the student's choice. Unlike online learning, the classroom learning method is more real and
students have an opportunity to debate, deliberate, and discuss with their class teachers and
friends. In this context, a comparison between e-learning and traditional learning on students'
knowledge improvement is presented in table -5.
Table-5: Comparison between e-learning and traditional learning

Classification Respondents Percentage

Yes 74 42.29
No 51 29.14
Maybe 50 28.57
Total 175 100

Among 175 respondents, around 42.29 percent of students are highly preferred e-learning
because they are learning more advanced technical courses only through online. Since soft skills
are highly essential for present job market students are keen to learn from e-learning. But at the

69
same time still, more than 28.57 percent of the students are considered that classroom learning is
better than e-learning. It is evident from table-5, maximum numbers of respondents are expressed
that e-learning is useful and more satisfactory.

Face – to- face teaching is important for practical Learning

In e-learning pedagogy, theoretical concepts are carried over through various application tools
which
make the student more convenient. But it lacks in practical teaching.

Table-6: Face–to-face teaching is important for practical Learning

Classification Respondents Percentage

Yes 140 80
No 13 7.43
Maybe 22 12.57
Total 175 100

Among 175 respondents, 80 percent of students are supportive of conventional teaching for the
practical session. Around 12.57 percent of them have opted as it may be conventional teaching is
important for the practical session. And only 7.43 percent of them are not positive on e-learning
for the practical session. It is evident from table – 6; a maximum number of respondents are
towards conventional teaching for practical learning.

Technical Issues of e-learning

E-learning is always depending on a strong internet connection with the high band. It is not
succeeded always because of a lack of connectivity and an acute power shortage. E-learning is
even worse in rural areas compared to urban due to lack of infrastructure that online courses
require, and thus fail to attend with their virtual classes. In this context, technical issues of e-
learning are presented in table-7.

Table-7: Technical Issues of e-learning

Classification Respondents Percentage

70
 Yes 47 26.86
No 94 53.71
Maybe 34 19.43
Total 175 100

Among 175 respondents, around 53.71 percent of students are experienced that, no such
technical issues while e-learning. Around 26.86 percent of them are experienced technical issues.
Nearly 19.34 percent of them express that, sometimes it is very difficult to follow the classes due
to poor internet connection. Especially video lectures from Zoom and other applications are
containing a lot of technical configurations which is highly difficult to handle since the listener is
new to this technology. It is evident from the table-6; maximum numbers of respondents are
expressed no on technical issues in e-learning.

Positivity towards e-learning

E-learning is an innovative method to communicate with society. It is an effective way of

teaching to bring out the best in students.

Table-8: Positivity towards e-learning

Classification Respondents Percentage

Yes 133 76
No 12 6.86
May be 30 17.14
Total 175 100

Among 175 respondents, around 76 percent of the students are in favor of e-learning. Around
17.14 percent of them are in terms of e-learning may be positive. And only 6.86 percent of the
students are not positive towards e-learning. From the table-8 it is noted that the maximum
number of respondents are positive towards e-learning.

E-learning makes knowledge wider

E-learning provides maximum benefits from minimum requirements. Does it work in the
students to enhance their knowledge? This is illustrated in the below table.

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Table-9: E-learning makes knowledge wider

Classificatio Respondents Percentage

n
Yes 124 70.86
No 14 8
Maybe 37 21.14
Total 175 100

Among 175 respondents nearly 70.86 percent are esteemed that e-learning makes their
knowledge extensive. Nearly 21.14 respondents are in a dilemma. And only 8 percent are
disagreeing with the statement. From table-9 it is noted that the maximum number of the
respondents states that e-learning makes their knowledge wider.

Importance of Web-based Teaching

The use of the internet to teach and to learn is unavoidable for both teachers and students. Online
courses are becoming an important component for enhancing the student's skills. Students are
benefited through web-based teaching.

Table-10: Importance of web-based teaching

Classificatio Respondents Percentage

n
Yes 126 72
No 10 5.71
Maybe 39 22.29
Total 175 100

Among 175 respondents, 72 percent of them understood the importance of web-based learning
for their career skills. Around 22.29 percent of them show that it may be useful. And nearly 5.71
of them don't value the importance of web-based learning. From the above table-10, it is clearly
understood that many of them know the importance of web-based learning.

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Preference for Learning Environment
Learning is a process of acquiring knowledge, enhancing the skills, helps in improvement of their
career. In this pandemic situation, there is no way of teaching in the classroom. All educational
institutions are forwarded to the e-learning environment. The table-11 illustrates the student's
attitude towards the preference of the learning environment.

Table-11: Preference of Learning Environment

Classification Respondents Percentage

Classroom learning 136 77.71
e-learning 39 22.29
Total 175 100

Among 175 respondents, only 22.29 percent prefer e-learning. Nearly 77.71 percent of them
prefer classroom learning. From this evidence, it is noted that most of the students prefer to
classroom learning environment rather than e-learning.

Contribution of e-learning bring a social change in India

In the contemporary education system is urging to adopt new technology for every field. All the
developed and developing nations are more concentrated on research and development; as a
result, technology is a part of every curriculum at all levels. A country like India is keen to
introduce more new web-based courses for the students to fit them into the global job market.
The present learners are highly motivated by international exposures. Technological innovations
are highly influential in this society. Technology allows us to learn all and it is provides an
opportunity to utilize the technology without any discrimination. In this context, it is important to
understand e-learning brings a social change in India.

Table-12: Can e-learning bring a social change in India

Classification Respondents Percentage

Strongly disagree 13 7.43
Disagree 7 4.00

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 Neutral 72 41.14
Agree 63 36.00
Strongly agree 20 11.43
Total 175 100
Among 175 respondents, around 90 percent of students are opinioned that e-learning is
significantly playing a major role in social change in India. They are categorically explained that
e-learning gives more inclusion based, it reaches all heterogeneity groups, freedom of knowledge
sharing. It is evident from table12, maximum numbers of respondents are optimistic about social
change.

Types of device prefer to use for e-learning

Table-13: Types of device prefer to use for e-learning

Classification Respondents Percentage

Laptop 53 30.29
Mobile 94 53.71
Desktop 5 2.86
Laptop & Mobile 13 7.43
Laptop & Desktop 5 2.86
Laptop, Mobile& Desktop 5 2.86
Total 175 100

Among 175 respondents, around 53.71 percent of students are preferred mobile phones for e-
learning, followed by Laptop 30.29 percent, and remaining students mostly prefer Laptop &
Mobile (7.43%), Laptop, Mobile and Desktop (2.86%) respectively.

Types of application tools prefer to use for e-learning

Table-14: Types of application tools prefer to use for e-learning

Classification Respondents Percentage

Zoom 67 38.29
Google classroom 44 25.14
Whatsapp 18 10.29

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 You tube 41 23.43
Mail 5 2.86
Total 175 100

Among 175 respondents, around 38.29 percent of students are learning classes through Zoom.
Nearly 25 percent of students are accessing learning materials through Google Classroom and
23.43 percent are learning through YouTube. Remaining students prefer Whatsapp (10.29%),
Mail (2.86%) respectively.

SUGGESTIONS
a) They give high targets to those students who are not a part of the market field.
b) Courses mentioned on site are very expensive even though the company is sponsored by the
government of India.
c) Regular meeting sessions cause problems for those students who are studying and working as
well.
d) Even though flexible time span is mentioned but to achieve targets uci has to work beyond
working hours
e) Even after hard work if targets are not achieved no certificates are provided.

CONCLUSION

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UNSCHOOL comes under the education industry especially in e-learning services. Which
provides a basket of various skills development courses by giving them opportunities to work on
real time projects and motivating by providing them certificates from government of India as
well, which is beneficial for professional students to enter in a priority list of candidates while
hunting for a job or change in job field. These will provide confidence and experience to students
and practically teaching the field factors that are omitted in books .
Overall, responses to the questionnaire survey suggest that this sample of lecturers in general FE
and sixth form colleges were very positive about e-learning and its potential for the future.
End-point and intermediate outcomes
The ways in which e-learning was used to assist teaching and learning varied. There was also
variation in perceptions regarding the impact of e-learning on end-point and intermediate
outcomes for learners.
End point outcomes
• The majority of the lecturers surveyed did not perceive a direct relationship between the use of
e-learning and improvements in end-point outcomes of achievement and retention.
• The analysis of the survey responses found limited evidence of a relationship between
lecturers’ and learners’ use of e-learning, and achievement and retention. These end-point
outcomes were associated to a greater extent with institutional-level background and contextual
factors.
• There were indications, however, of an association between higher achieving institutions and
greater use among lecturers of e-learning for preparation for teaching. However, this may reflect
lecturers in higher achieving institutions being more likely to use e-learning more in this way.
Intermediate outcomes
• Nearly half of lecturers surveyed indicated that e-learning led to improved motivation among
learners.
• Half of the lecturers surveyed reported that using e-learning had helped their learners to be
more effective at managing their own learning.
• The majority of lecturers felt that e-learning had helped their learners to be more effective in
developing their knowledge through their ability to research topics, reinforce their knowledge
and engage with the subject in the class.

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• The extent to which learners were independent and developed their understanding through the
use of e-learning was associated to a greater extent with lecturers’ use of e-learning and attitudes
towards it, than by contextual and other background factors.

Bibliography
• Nichols M. 2007 .“E-learning in context"
• Kalantzis, Mary and Bill Cope. 2015. "Learning and New Media.” Pp. 373-387 in The Sage
Handbook of Learning, edited by D. Scott and E. Hargreaves. Thousand Oaks CA: Sage. |
download
•Cope. Bill and Mary Kalantzis. 2015. “Assessment and Pedagogy in the Era of Machine-
Mediated Leaming.” Pp. 350-374 in Education as Social Construction: Contributions to Theory,
Research, and Practice, edited by T. Dragonas, K. J. Gergen, and S. McNamee. Chagrin Falls
OH: Worldshare Books. | download
• Cope. Bill and Mary Kalantzis. 2015. “Sources of Evidence-of Learning: Learning and
Assessment in the Era of Big Data." Open Review of Educational Research 2:194-217. |
download “¢ Cope, Bill and Mary Kalantzis. 2015. “Interpreting Evidence-of-Learning:
Educational Research in the Era of Big Data.” Open Review of Educational Research 2:218-239.
| download “+ Cope, Bill and Mary Kalantzis. 2009. “Ubiquitous Leaming: An Agenda for
Educational Transformation.” in Ubiquitous Learning, edited by B. Cope and M. Kalantzis.
Champaign IL: University of Illinois Press. |
Https//:Unschool.Com

Description of Questions
What is e-learning?
E-learning during lockdown of covid-19 a pandemic Situation?
Which learning is best or compare between e-learning and traditional learning?
What is importance of e-learning in our life?
What are the different website or application of e-learning?
What is Unschool (a e-learning platform)
Which Types of application tools prefer to use for e-learning?
Which Types of device prefer to use for e-learning?

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