SAMPLING METHODS

A. Non-Probability Sampling – is any sampling method where some elements of the population
have no chance of where the probability of selection can’t be accurately determined.

B. Probability Sampling – it is possible to both determine which sampling units belong to which
sample and the probability that each sample will be selected. The following sampling methods
are example of probability sampling:
 Simple Random Sampling - all samples of a given size have an equal probability of being
selected and selections are independent.

 Systematic Sampling – relies on dividing the target population into strata (subpopulations) of
equal size and then selecting randomly one element from the first stratum and corresponding
elements from all other strata.
 Stratified Sampling – when the population embraces a number of distinct categories, the frame
can be organized by these categories into separate “strata”. Each stratum is then sampled as an
independent sub-population.

 Cluster Sampling – sometimes it is cheaper to ‘cluster’ the sample in some way (e.g. by selecting
respondents from certain areas only, or certain time-periods only).
 Matched random sampling – in this method, there are two (2) samples in which the members
are clearly paired, or are matched explicitly by the researcher (for example, IQ measurements or
pairs of identical twins).