B.TECH/EE/IT/ME/3RD SEM/PHYS 2001/2018 B.

TECH/EE/IT/ME/3RD SEM/PHYS 2001/2018

B.TECH/EE/IT/ME/3RD SEM/PHYS 2001/2018 (viii) The magnetic induction, 𝐵⃗, the magnetic field intensity 𝐻⃗, the magnetization
PHYSICS - II 𝑀⃗, and the permeability of free space 𝜇 are related as follows
(PHYS 2001) (a) 𝐵⃗ = 𝜇 𝐻⃗ + 𝑀⃗ (b) 𝐵⃗ = 𝜇 𝐻⃗ + 𝑀⃗
Time Allotted : 3 hrs Full Marks : 70 (c) 𝐵⃗ = 𝜇 𝐻⃗ − 𝑀⃗ (d) 𝐵⃗ = 𝜇 𝐻⃗ − 𝑀⃗
Figures out of the right margin indicate full marks. (ix) In a p-type semiconductor, the donor level
Candidates are required to answer Group A and (a) lies near the valence band edge
any 5 (five) from Group B to E, taking at least one from each group. (b) lies near the conduction band edge
(c) lies halfway between the valence and conduction band edges
Candidates are required to give answer in their own words as far as practicable.
(d) does not exist.
Group – A
(x) The number of possible arrangements of three fermions in three cells is
(Multiple Choice Type Questions)
(a) 27 (b) 9 (c) 3 (d) 1.
1. Choose the correct alternative for the following: 10 × 1 = 10
Group – B
(i) A generalized coordinate is called cyclic if
(a) the Lagrangian is explicitly independent of that coordinate 2. (a) What are generalized coordinates? Write down the Lagrangian and
(b) the Hamiltonian is explicitly independent of that coordinate Lagrange’s equation defining all the terms.
(c) both (a) and (b) (b) Consider a particle sliding down a frictionless inclined plane. Write
(d) none of the above. down Hamilton‘s equations for this system and solve them to find the
(ii) The degrees of freedom relation for a system of N particles with K equation of motion of the particle.
constraints is given by
(c) The Lagrangian of a system is given by 𝐿 = 𝑚𝑥̇ − 𝑘𝑥 , where 𝑚
(a) N-K (b) 3N-K (c) N-3K (d) 3K-N.
and 𝑘 are constants. What is the generalized momentum?
(iii) The total wave function of a quantum particle
(a) is always complex (d) Consider a simple pendulum with a mass 𝑚 and string length 𝑙. Obtain
(b) is always real Lagrange’s equation of motion for this system.
(c) can be real or complex (1 + 2) + (2 + 3) + 1 + 3 = 12
(d) is a solution of the time independent Schrodinger equation.
3. (a) What do you mean by normalization condition of a wave function? If a
(iv) Which one of the following functions is an eigen function of the operator ? wave function of a quantum mechanical particle is given by
(a) 𝑥 (b) 𝑥 (c) 𝑒 (d) 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥. 𝜑(𝑥, 𝑡) = 𝐴 𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝑒 ħ for 0  x  L
(v) The average velocity of an electron at T = 0K in a metal in terms of =0 otherwise
velocity 𝑣 at the Fermi level is where, n = 0, 1, 2, 3, ............... etc.
Find the value of A from normalization condition. Also find the value of 𝑥
(a) 𝑣 (b) 𝑣 (c) 𝑣 (d) 𝑣 .
corresponding to maximum probability of finding the particle for the above system.
(vi) At Fermi level, the probability of electron occupation at T  0K is (b) Write down the 3-D Schrodinger equation for particle confined in a 3D
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) ½ (d) ¼. potential box. Obtain the energy eigen function for it and show that the
(vii) The number of microstates for n particles in two compartments first excited state for the case has 3-fold degeneracy.
obeying MB statistics is (c) Evaluate the commutator [𝑥 , 𝑝 ].
(a) n (b) 2 (c) n2 (d) 2 . (1 + 2 + 2) + (1 + 3 + 1) + 2 = 12
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B.TECH/EE/IT/ME/3RD SEM/PHYS 2001/2018
Group – C
4. (a) Compare Maxwell-Boltzmann (MB), Fermi-Dirac (FD), and Bose-
Einstein (BE) statistics mentioning at least three characteristics.
(b) Three distinguishable particles are to be distributed into four energy
levels having energies 0, 𝐸, 2𝐸, 3𝐸 so that the total energy is 6𝐸. If the
levels are nondegenerate, write down all the possible microstates and
the corresponding macrostates. What is the thermodynamic
probability of the most probable macrostate?
(c) Using Fermi-Dirac statistics, calculate the concentration of electrons in
the conduction band of an intrinsic semiconductor.
2 + (3 + 2 + 1) + 4 = 12
5. (a) State the fundamental postulate of statistical mechanics.
(b) Write down the Fermi-Dirac distribution function and define Fermi
level in metal at absolute zero and at finite temperature. Also show
graphically the variation of f(E) with E for T = 0K and T  0K in metal.
(c) Develop the expression for the density of states available to the free
electrons in a metal. Using this and the Fermi-Dirac distribution function,
show that the average energy per electron at the absolute zero of
temperature is given by 𝐸 where 𝐸 is the Fermi energy of the metal.
2 + (1 + 1 + 2) + (2 + 4) = 12
Group – D
6. (a) An assembly of parallel plate capacitors having area 6.4510-4 m2 and
plate separation 0.002 m is connected with external potential 10 V. If
the capacitor filled up with a dielectric material with dielectric
constant value of 6.0, calculate
(i) the value of capacitance.
(ii) the amount of charge stored on each plate.
(iii) the value of electric displacement vector.
(b) Define electric polarizability? What are the different kinds of
polarizabilities that may appear in a dielectric material?
(c) Establish the relation concerning D, E and P. (Symbols have their usual
meaning.)
(d) The electric polarizability of an Argon atom is 1.43 × 10 𝐹𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑑 −
𝑚 . Find the dielectric constant of Argon gas of density 1.8 𝑔/𝑐𝑚 .
PHYS 2001 3 PHYS 2001
B.TECH/EE/IT/ME/3RD SEM/PHYS 2001/2018
(Atomic weight of Argon is 39.95 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚/𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒, Avogadro number =
6.023 × 10 .)
(1 + 2 + 1) + (1 + 1) + 3 + 3 = 12
7. (a) Briefly discuss the molecular origins of diamagnetism, paramagnetism,
and ferromagnetism. Give an example of each.
(b) Show that the induced magnetic moment of an atom in a diamagnetic
material is opposite in direction to the applied external magnetic field.
(c) Define H in terms of B and M for a linear magnetic material (symbols
have their usual meaning).
(4.5 + 1.5) + 4 + 2 = 12
Group – E
8. (a) State and explain Bloch’s theorem in one dimension.
(b) Qualitatively explain the formation of energy bands in crystals.
(c) An electron is moving in one dimension in a region where the potential
is given by 𝑉(𝑥) = 𝑉 1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 4𝜋𝑥 𝑎 , where 𝑉 and 𝑎 are constants.
Show that if 𝜓(𝑥) is an eigenfunction of the Hamiltonian then 𝜓(𝑥 + 𝑎)
is also an eigenfunction of the Hamiltonian with the same energy.
(d) Write down the expression for the effective mass of an electron in a
crystal. The energy – wave vector dispersion relation for a one-
dimensional crystal of lattice constant 𝑎 is given by 𝐸(𝑘) = 𝐸 − 2𝑎𝑘
where 𝐸 is a constant. Find the expression of the effective mass of an
electron in this crystal as a function of 𝑘.
(2 + 2) + 2 + 3 + (2 + 1) = 12
9. (a) What is the critical magnetic field for a superconductor? How does it
vary with temperature?
(b) Lead (Pb) gets transition to its superconducting state at 7.20 Kelvin.
Lead has critical magnetic field at 0K is 65100 A/m, calculate its
critical magnetic field at −271 𝐶.
(c) Distinguish between type I and type II superconductors. Name some
materials belonging to these two types of superconductors.
(d) Establish London equation of superconductivity in terms of magnetic
field induction and hence describe Meissner effect?
(2 + 1) + 2 + (2 + 1) + (1 + 3) = 12
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