INDETERMINATE FORMS Ingoneral Lt 20/6601 = Lt, /)/ Lt, x)-Butwhen Lt fl) and Ut ox) are both zero, then the ‘quotient reduces to the indeterminate form 0/0. This does not imply that Lt {f(x)/@x)l is meaningless or it oes not exist. In fact, in many cases, it has a finite value. We shall now, study the methods of evaluating the limite in such and similar other eases (4) Form 00. 1//(a) = @(a)=0, then ue 12. y £2 sa 42) te OR) By Taylor's series, += alfta)+ J (xa fla) uy 1, py LONE aor ge oF Me) 90 E928 Ga) + aga) + Jeo? gat.- ug Fotte-w fas. 40 (@ +4 - a) Ga +.. - fa (x) Fo" Se =O) ‘This is known as L’Hospital's rule. Ingenera, if r*-4(a)=0, but /* (a) #0, O° ¥(a) = 0, but ¢ (a) #0, fla)=fta)= ("0 =. ‘and (a) = 91a) = ¢a)=. ‘then from (1), fo) _ fC) _ 4 £00 Lt $9). 1, FO 8 H0 GFeay #9 gO) {Rue to evaluate Lt t= 06) in 0” form : Differentiating the numerator and denominator separately as many times as would be necessary to arrive a determinate form. somonty yee (oma§} Gae* +e" 1-10 + 2) o 7h (= §) xe" te" teh +14 x)? _O+14141_ 1 4 ee w dear = Ey T-0-17 id (1+ log 2) =1 Se leay seas o s MMe Dor tage (wnt) | Bee dna 2. ta oe Zax +boge) @ eg Mat de (1+ log 9+ 70/2)~-0 ay a =u, orbeat +202) masa Maso en TUz(Bier Catcaus & Is Armucanons = (8) Forms reducible to 0/0 form. Each ofthe following indeterminate forms can be easily reduced to the {orm 0/0 (or =/=) by suitable transformation and then the limits ean be found as usual. E, FormOx0.1f Lt, a) =Oand Lt 912) = then 1, 176).¢¢01 assumes the form 0 x=. ‘To evaluate this limit, we write {F&)- @(2) = FL)/16 (01 to take the form 10. = 6 (2VI1/fix)] to take the form s/o, o. © Ho xo ain a) + cos eee x F141 ~ MIL Forms, 1",=2.1fy= Lt? assumes one of these forms, then logy = Lt (3) log / takes the form 0 x ~, which can be evaluated by the method given in I above. If log y =/, then y =e. Lt, in", Solution. (i) Let : ware ptm shone, tp MEST ep Aisin zdeos oe © ln —ocech ae =ialtin zor) =0 Hence ye@oLGo) Let y= lt a ye och uy BE +e Ct log a+ BF log b+ e* lowe) rn nied es sothat logy = (4 14 1 Moga + log + log e)= $ log (abe) = tg (abe), y= (abe 2 a Ly Sate. = ast wheret= 242 284.. rE meer ttat toes [mare]