Bata Corporation

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Bata Corporation (originally, and in the Czech Republic and

Slovakia, known as Baťa) is a Czech multinational footwear and
fashion accessory manufacturer and retailer founded in Zlín,
today in the Czech Republic. After World War II, its factories in
socialist states were nationalized, while its branches in capitalist
states remained family-owned. It is now based in Lausanne,
Switzerland. The principal subsidiaries are Bata Europe (based
in Zlín), Bata North America (based in Toronto), Bata
Asia-Pacific-Africa (based in Singapore) and Bata Latin America
(based in Mexico City).

A family-owned business, the company is organized into three

business units: Bata, Bata Industrials (safety shoes) and AW Lab
(sports style). The company is the world's leading shoemaker by
volume,[citation needed] and it has a retail presence of over 5,300
shops in more than 70 countries and production facilities in 18
countries.

Contents

● 1
● Origins and history
 ○ 1.1
○ Foundation
○
○ 1.2
○ World War I
○
○ 1.3
○ Shoemaker to the world
○
○ 1.4
○ Foreign growth
○
○ 1.5
○ Jan Antonín Baťa
○
○ 1.6
○ Bata-villes
○
○ 1.7
○ World War II
○
○ 1.8
○ Post-war
○
○ 1.9
○ Czechoslovakia after 1989
○
○ 1.10
○ Present
○
● 2
● Bata brands
●
● 3
● Bata labels
●
● 4
● In popular culture
●
● 5
● See also
●
● 6
● References
●
● 7
● Further reading
●
● 8
 ● External links
●

Origins and history[edit]

Foundation[edit]
The T. & A. Baťa Shoe Company was founded on 24 August
1894 in the Moravian town of Zlín, Austria-Hungary (today in the
Czech Republic), by Tomáš Baťa (Czech: [ˈtomaːʃ ˈbaca]), his
brother Antonín and his sister Anna, whose family had been
cobblers for generations. The company employed 10 full-time
employees with a fixed work schedule and a regular weekly
wage.
 Tomáš, Antonín and Anna Baťa

In the summer of 1895, Tomáš was facing financial difficulties. To

overcome these setbacks, he decided to sew shoes from canvas
instead of leather. This type of shoe became very popular and
helped the company grow to 50 employees. Four years later,
Baťa installed its first steam-driven machines, beginning a period
of rapid modernisation. In 1904, Tomáš read a newspaper article
about some machines being made in America. Therefore, he
took three workers and journeyed to Lynn, a shoemaking city
outside Boston, in order to study and understand the American
system of mass production. After six months he returned to Zlín
and he introduced mechanized production techniques that
allowed the Baťa Shoe Company to become one of the first mass
producers of shoes in Europe. Its first mass product, the
“Baťovky,” was a leather and textile shoe for working people that
was notable for its simplicity, style, light weight and affordable
price. Its success helped fuel the company’s growth. After
Antonín's death in 1908, Tomáš brought two of his younger
brothers, Jan and Bohuš, into the business. Initial export sales
and the first ever sales agencies began in Germany in 1909,
followed by the Balkans and the Middle East. Baťa shoes were
considered to be excellent quality, and were available in more
styles than had ever been offered before. By 1912, Baťa was
employing 600+ full-time workers, plus another several hundred
who worked out of their homes in neighbouring villages.

World War I[edit]

In 1914, with the outbreak of World War I, the company had a
significant development due to military orders. From 1914 to
1918 the number of Baťa’s employees increased ten times. The
company opened its own stores in Zlín, Prague, Liberec, Vienna
and Plzeň, among other towns.

In the global economic slump that followed World War I, the

newly created country of Czechoslovakia was particularly hard
hit. With its currency devalued by 75%, demand for products
dropped, production was cut back, and unemployment was at an
all-time high. Tomáš Baťa responded to the crisis by cutting the
price of Bata shoes in half. The company's workers agreed to a
temporary 40 percent reduction in wages; in turn, Baťa provided
food, clothing, and other necessities at half-price. He also
introduced one of the first profit-sharing initiatives, transforming
all employees into associates with a shared interest in the
company's success (today's equivalent of performance-based
incentives and stock options).

Shoemaker to the world[edit]

Consumer response to the price drop was dramatic. While most
competitors were forced to close because of the crisis in demand
between 1923 and 1925, Baťa was expanding as demand for the
inexpensive shoes grew rapidly. The Baťa Shoe Company
increased production and hired more workers. Zlín became a
veritable factory town, a "Baťaville" covering several hectares.
On the site were grouped tanneries, a brickyard, a chemical
factory, a mechanical equipment plant and repair shop,
workshops for the production of rubber, a paper pulp and
cardboard factory (for production of packaging), a fabric factory
(for lining for shoes and socks), a shoe-shine factory, a power
plant and farming activities to cover food and energy needs.
Workers, "Baťamen", and their families had at their disposal all
the necessary everyday life services, including housing, shops,
schools, and hospital.

The T. & A. Baťa Shoe Company

●
Baťa's Skyscraper
●

Baťovka shoe
●

Baťa in Zlín
●

Baťa employee housing

 ●

1922 advertising (drahota - costliness)

●

Baťa store in the 1920s

●

Baťa store in the 1920s

Foreign growth[edit]
Tomáš Baťa

Lockheed 10 Electra executive aircraft operated before the Second World War
by Baťa in Europe
Baťa also began to build towns and factories outside of
Czechoslovakia (Poland, Latvia, Romania, Switzerland, France)
and to diversify into such industries as tanning (1915), the energy
industry (1917), agriculture (1917), forestry (1918), newspaper
publishing (1918), brick manufacturing (1918), wood processing
(1919), the rubber industry (1923), the construction industry
(1924), railway and air transport (1924), book publishing (1926),
the film industry (1927), food processing (1927), chemical
production (1928), tyre manufacturing (1930), insurance (1930),
textile production (1931), motor transport (1930), sea transport
(1932), and coal mining (1932), airplane manufacturing (1934),
synthetic fibre production (1935), and river transport (1938). In
1923 the company boasted 112 branches.
In 1924, Tomáš Baťa displayed his business acumen by
calculating how much turnover he needed to make with his
annual plan, weekly plans and daily plans. Baťa utilized four
types of wages – fixed rate, individual order based rate, collective
task rate and profit contribution rate. He also set what became
known as Baťa prices: numbers ending with a nine rather than
with a whole number. His business skyrocketed. Soon Baťa
found himself the fourth richest person in Czechoslovakia. From
1926 to 1928 the business blossomed as productivity rose 75
percent and the number of employees increased by 35 percent.
In 1927 production lines were installed, and the company had its
own hospital. By the end of 1928, the company’s head factory
was composed of 30 buildings. Bat'a then created educational
organizations such as the Baťa School of Work and introduced
the five-day work week. In 1930 he established a shoe
museum[specify] that maps shoe production from the earliest times
to the contemporary age throughout the world. By 1931 there
were factories in Germany, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands,
Poland and in other countries.

In 1932, at the age of 56, Tomáš Baťa died in a plane crash

during take off under bad weather conditions at Zlín Airport.
Control of the company was passed to his half-brother, Jan, and
his son, Thomas John Baťa, who would go on to lead the
company for much of the twentieth century guided by the
founder's moral testament: the Baťa Shoe company was to be
treated not as a source of private wealth, but as a public trust, a
means of improving living standards within the community and
providing customers with good value for their money. Promise
was made to pursue the entrepreneurial, social and humanitarian
ideals of their father.

The Baťa company was apparently the first big enterprise to

systematically utilise aircraft for company purposes, including
rapid transport of personnel on businesslike delivery of
maintenance men and spares to a location where needed,
originating the practice of business flying.

Jan Antonín Baťa [edit]

Main article: Jan Antonín Baťa

At the time of Tomáš's death, the Baťa company employed

16,560 people, maintained 1,645 shops and 25 enterprises. Jan
Antonín Baťa, following the plans laid down by Tomáš Baťa
before his death, expanded the company more than six times its
original size throughout Czechoslovakia and the world. Plants in
Britain, the Netherlands, Yugoslavia, Brazil, Kenya, Canada and
the United States followed in the decade. In India, Batanagar
was settled near Calcutta and accounted from the late 1930s
nearly 7500 Baťamen. The Baťa model fitted anywhere, creating,
for example, canteens for vegetarians in India. In exchange, the
demands on workers were as strong as in Europe: "Be
courageous. The best in the world is not good enough for us.
Loyalty gives us prosperity & happiness. Work is a moral
necessity!" Bata India was incorporated as Bata Shoe Company
Pvt. Ltd in 1931[5] and went on to become Bata India Ltd. in
1973. The Batanagar factory was the first Indian shoe
manufacturing unit to receive the ISO 9001 certification in
1993.[6]
As of 1934, the firm owned 300 stores in North America (after
World War II, many of theses stores were rebranded with the
"Barrett Shoes" trademark), a thousand in Asia, more than 4,000
in Europe. In 1938, the Group employed just over 65,000 people
worldwide, including 36% outside Czechoslovakia and had
stakes in the tanning, agriculture, newspaper publishing, railway
and air transport, textile production, coal mining and aviation
realms.[citation needed]

Bata-villes[edit]
Company policy initiated under Tomáš Baťa was to set up
villages around the factories for the workers and to supply
schools and welfare. These villages include Batadorp in the
Netherlands, Baťovany (present-day Partizánske) and Svit in
Slovakia, Baťov (now Bahňák, part of Otrokovice) in the Czech
Republic, Borovo-Bata (now Borovo Naselje, part of Vukovar in
Croatia then in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia), Bata Park in Möhlin,
Switzerland, Bataville in Lorraine, France, Batawa (Ontario) in
Canada, Batatuba (São Paulo), Batayporã and Bataguassu
(Mato Grosso do Sul) in Brazil, East Tilbury[7] in Essex, England,
Batapur in Pakistan and Batanagar and Bataganj in India. There
was also a factory in Belcamp, Maryland, USA, northeast of
Baltimore on U.S. Route 40 in Harford County.[8]

The British "Bata-ville" in East Tilbury inspired the documentary

film Bata-ville: We Are Not Afraid of the Future.[9]

World War II[edit]

Just before the German occupation of Czechoslovakia, Baťa
helped re-post his Jewish employees to branches of his firm all
over the world.[10][11] Germany occupied the remaining part of
pre-war Czechoslovakia on 15 March 1939; Jan Antonín Baťa
then spent a short time in jail but was then able to leave the
country with his family. Jan Antonín Baťa stayed in America from
1939–1940, but when the USA entered the war, he felt it would
be safer for his co-workers and their families back in occupied
Czechoslovakia if he left the United States. He was put on British
and US black lists for doing business with the Axis powers, and
in 1941 he emigrated to Brazil. After the war ended, the
Czechoslovak authorities tried Baťa as a traitor, saying he had
failed to support the anti-Nazi resistance. In 1947 he was
sentenced in absentia to 15 years in prison. The company's
Czechoslovak assets were also seized by the state – several
months before the communists came to power. He tried to save
as much as possible of the business, submitting to the plans of
Germany as well as financially supporting the Czechoslovak
Government-in-Exile led by Edvard Beneš.

In occupied Europe, a Bata shoe factory was connected to the

concentration camp Auschwitz-Birkenau.[12] The first slave labour

efforts in Auschwitz involved the Bata shoe factory. [13] In 1942 a

small camp was established to support the former Bata shoe
factory (now under German administration and renamed
"Schlesische Schuh-Werke Ottmuth, A.G") at Chełmek with
Jewish slave labourers.[14] The prisoners, mostly from France,
Belgium, and the Netherlands, were tasked to clean the ponds
from which the plant drew the water it needed.[15] Also slave
workers from the ghetto of Radom were forced to work at the
Bata factory for a soup a day.[16]

The Baťa factory was bombed by the 15th AF, 455th BG at 1235
hrs using 254 x 500 RDX bombs (63.50 tons). The Strikes fell
south in the workers dwellings and carried across eastern half of
plant layout. Numerous strikes in this section including
warehouses, machine shops and footwear production
buildings.[17]

Post-war[edit]
 The now demolished Bata International Centre was the global headquarters
during its entire existence (1965–2004)

Tomáš's son Thomas J. Bata, manager of the buying department

of the British Bata Company, was unable to return until after the
war. He was sent to Canada by his uncle Jan, to become the
Vice President of the Bata Import and Export Company of
Canada, which was founded in a company town named Batawa,
opened in 1939. Foreign subsidiaries were separated from the
parent company, and ownership of plants in Bohemia and
Moravia was transferred to another member of the family.

After World War II, governments in Czechoslovakia, East

Germany, Poland and Yugoslavia confiscated and nationalized
Bata factories, stripping Bata of its Eastern European assets.

In 1945, the decision was taken that Bata Development Limited

in Great Britain would become the service headquarters of the
Bata Shoe Organisation. Now based in the West, Thomas J.
Bata, along with many Czechoslovakian expatriates, began to
rebuild the business.

From its new base, the company gradually rebuilt itself,

expanding into new markets throughout Asia, the Middle East,
Africa and Latin America. Rather than organizing these new
operations in a highly centralized structure, Bata established a
confederation of autonomous units that could be more
responsive to new markets in developing countries.

Between 1946 and 1960, 25 new factories were built and 1,700
company shops were opened. In 1962, the company had
production and sales activities in 79 countries.

In 1964, Bata moved their headquarters to Toronto, Ontario,

Canada. In 1965 they were moved again, into an ultra-modern
building, the Bata International Centre. The building, located on
Wynford Drive, in suburban North York, Ontario, Canada, was
designed by architect John B. Parkin.
In 1979, the Bata family established the Bata Shoe Museum
Foundation to operate an international centre for footwear
research and house of a collection that was started by Sonja
Bata, Thomas' wife, in the 1940s. As she travelled the world on
business with her husband, she gradually built up a collection of
traditional footwear from the areas she was visiting. The Bata
Shoe Museum is in Toronto.[18]

Bata was one of the official sponsors of the 1986 FIFA World Cup
held in Mexico. Bata also sponsored 2014 Electronic Sports
World Cup.[19]

Czechoslovakia after 1989[edit]

After the Velvet Revolution in November 1989, Thomas J. Baťa
returned soon after in December 1989. The Czechoslovak
government offered him the opportunity to invest in the ailing
government-owned Svit shoe company. Since companies
nationalised before 1948 were not returned to their original
owners, the state continued to own Svit and privatised it during
voucher privatisation in Czechoslovakia. Svit's failure to compete
in the free market led to its decline, and in 2000 Svit went
bankrupt.
Present[edit]
After the global economic changes of the 1990s, the company
closed a number of its factories in developed countries and
focused on expanding retail business. Bata moved out of Canada
in several steps. In 2000, it closed its Batawa factory, then in
2001, it closed its Bata retail stores, retaining its "Athletes World"
retail chain. In 2004, the Bata headquarters were moved to
Lausanne, Switzerland and leadership was transferred to Tony
G. Bata, grandson of Tomáš. The notable Bata headquarters
building in Toronto was vacated and eventually demolished to
much controversy. In 2007, the Athletes World chain was sold,
ending Bata retail operations in Canada.[20] As of 2013, Bata
maintains the headquarters for its "Power" brand of footwear in
Toronto. The Bata Shoe Museum, founded by Sonja Bata, and
operated by a charitable foundation, is also located in Toronto.

Although no longer chairman of the company, the elder Bata

remained active in its operations and carried business cards
listing his title as “chief shoe salesman.” On 1 September 2008
Thomas John Bata (Thomáš Jan Baťa) died at Sunnybrook
Health Sciences Centre in Toronto at the age of 93.

Bata estimates that it serves more than 1 million customers per

day, employing over 30,000 people,[21] operates more than 5,300
shops, manages 23 production facilities and a retail presence in
over 70 countries across the five continents. Bata has a strong
presence in countries including India where it has been present
since 1931. Bata India has five factories and two tanneries. The
Batanagar Industrial Township in Kolkata (1930) is the largest
shoe-maker in Asia & the Mokameh Ghat tannery in Bihar (1952)
is the second largest in Asia. [22]

The business is organised in five regions: Africa (with regional

office based in Nairobi), Asia Pacific (with regional office based in
Singapore), Latin America (with regional office based in Santiago
de Chile), South Asia (with regional office based in New Delhi)
and Europe/Developed Markets (with regional office based in
Zlín).

In April 2019, the consumer forum in India fined Bata Rs 9000

(approx US$129) for asking a customer to pay Rs 3 extra for a
paper bag. The customer approached the forum citing deficiency
in services seeking a refund of Rs 3. The forum observed that it
was the brand's responsibility to provide consumers with
eco-friendly bags without charging them for it.[23]

Bata brands[edit]
 Bata shop on the Wenceslas Square in Prague, built in 1927–1929

● Bata (Baťa in the Czech Republic and Slovakia)

● North Star (urban shoes)
● Weinbrenner (premium outdoor shoes)
● Weinbrenner-Woodlands (premium adventure &
trekking shoes)
● Bubblegummers (children's shoes)
● Power (athletic shoes)
● Bata Industrials (work & safety)

Bata labels[edit]
● Ambassador (classic men's shoes)
● Atletico (urban shoes)
● Bata Bullets (sports shoes)
● Bata Comfit (comfort shoes)
● Bata Flexible (comfort shoes)
● Insollia (comfort/women's shoes)
● Marie Claire (women's shoes)
● North Star
● Sunshine (women's shoes)
● Baby Bubbles (children's shoes)
● Patapata (flip flops)
● Power (sports shoes)
● Toughees (school shoes)
● Verlon (school shoes)
● Teener (school shoes)
● B-First (school shoes)
● Footin (trendy shoes)
● Urbano (men shoes)
● Tomy Takkies (urban shoes)
● Red Label collection
● Quovadis

In popular culture[edit]
Bata 1970s poster at Nicosia International Airport

● The 1968 Czech film All My Compatriots by Vojtěch

Jasný, in a scene set in 1948, refers to Bata putting
small shoemakers out of business.
● Nicosia International Airport which has remained
closed by the Turkish invasion of 1974 still has a
1970s Bata advertisement logo displayed in the
arrivals hall.
● In Susan Elderkin's 2000 novel Sunset Over
Chocolate Mountains one of the three narrative voices
is Eva, a worker in a Bata factory in Partizánske,
Slovakia.[24]
● Emil Zátopek worked in a Bata factory in Zlín.
● Bata-ville: We are not afraid of the future is a 2005
documentary produced and directed by the artistic duo
Karen Guthrie and Nina Pope that documents a party
of former UK Bata workers on a coach trip to the
headquarters of the company at Zlín.[25]
● The East Tilbury Bata factory features in the 2013 BBC
4 programme, Jonathan Meades: The Joy of Essex,
presented by Jonathan Meades.[26][27]
● The Praha Shoe Company of the novel A Suitable Boy
by Vikram Seth is modeled on Bata Shoes.
● Batanagar Sports & Athletics Club, established in
1931, is the 3rd oldest Sports & Athletics Club in
Kolkata after Mohun Bagan ATK Mohun Bagan (1889)
& East Bengal SC East Bengal (1920). The Batanagar
Sports & Athletics Club plays in Calcutta Football
League (CFL) since 1934.
See also[edit]
● Baťa’s Skyscraper, Zlín
● Bata Shoe Museum, Toronto
● Bata shoe factory (East Tilbury)

References[edit]
● ^ Dinger, Ed (2006). International Directory of Company Histories.
Gale. Retrieved 28 August 2018. Bata began to reorganize the
company, essentially running the business out of Switzerland.
● ^ "Thomas G. Bata | The IMD Global Family Business Award".
globalfamilybusinessaward.com. Archived from the original on 28
August 2018. Retrieved 28 August 2018.
● ^ Female (Malaysia) (September 1, 2017). "WHO: Thomas
George Bata, Chairman, who's the third generation Bata family
member to lead the company". pressreader.com. Retrieved 28
August 2018.
● ^ "Sandeep Kataria has been elevated as the Global CEO of
Bata".
● ^ "Bata India - Buy Shoes Online For Men, Women & Kids.
Footwear From Leading Brands, Power, Hush Puppies etc".
bata.in.
● ^ "Categories". bata.in.
● ^ "batamemories". Archived from the original on 19 November
2002. Retrieved 10 December 2013.
● ^ "Bata Shoe Factory Belcamp Maryland". Kilduffs.com. Retrieved
2013-11-19.
● ^ "Entertainment | Road film follows shoe empire". BBC News.
2005-08-28. Retrieved 2013-11-19.
● ^ [1] Archived 2016-11-06 at the Wayback Machine
● ^ Stephen Moss (2002-06-22). "Profile: Tom Stoppard | Film". The
Guardian. London. Retrieved 2013-11-19.
● ^ Dwork, Deborah; van Pelt, Robert Jan, Holocaust: A History,
W.W.Norton & Company, Inc., 2002. ISBN 9780393051889
● ^ Engle Schafft, Gretchen, From Racism to Genocide:
Anthropology in the Third Reich, University of Illinois Press, 2004.
ISBN 0-252-02930-5
● ^ Dwork, Deborah; van Pelt, Robert Jan, Auschwitz: 1270 to the
Present, New York: W.W. Norton and Company Inc. ISBN
0-393-03933-1
● ^ Auschwitz sub-camps- Chelmek
● ^ Jewish Workers of the Bata Shoe Company in Radom, Poland
● ^ Air Force Historical CD C0111, 304th Bomb Wing bombing plots
Page 1082
● ^ "About Our Founder – Bata Shoe Museum". Retrieved
2021-09-10.
● ^ "Bata Announces Sponsorship Deal with eSports Team".
bata.com. Retrieved 2015-01-22.
 ● ^ Strauss, Marina (May 18, 2007). "Mogul snaps up Athletes
World". The Globe and Mail. p. B3.
● ^ About Bata Archived 2013-01-15 at the Wayback Machine
bata.com, March 5, 2013.
● ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2014-12-21.
Retrieved 2015-01-29.
● ^ Chandigar, Manjeet Sehgal (April 14, 2019). "Bata fined Rs 9000
for asking customer to pay Rs 3 for carry bag". India Today.
Retrieved 2019-04-19.
● ^ Matthew J. Reynolds (2001-10-08). "Review: A Slovak-Arizona
journey - The Slovak Spectator". Spectator.sme.sk. Retrieved
2013-11-19.
● ^ "Bata-ville: We Are Not Afraid of the Future (2005)" . IMDb. 1
April 2005.
● ^ "Jonathan Meades: The Joy of Essex, BBC Four | The Arts
Desk". www.theartsdesk.com. 30 January 2013. Retrieved 16 July
2019.
● ^ "BBC Four - Jonathan Meades: The Joy of Essex". BBC.
Retrieved 16 July 2019.

Further reading[edit]
● Dinger, Ed (2006). "Bata Ltd". International Directory of
Company Histories. Gale.

External links[edit]
Bata Corporation
at Wikipedia's sister projects

● Media from Commons

● Quotations from Wikiquote

● Data from Wikidata
● Official website
● Corporate website
● Bata Memories history of Bata community in Essex,
UK
● "Bata-ville – We are not afraid of the future":
somewhere.org.uk/bata-ville / bata-ville.com,
Somewhere, 2007 United Kingdom "Against the
backdrop of economic regeneration, former employees
of two now closed UK Bata factories are led on a
unique journey through Bata's legacy and across a
changing Europe."
 ● Bata Industrials
● Documents and clippings about Bata Corporation in
the 20th Century Press Archives of the ZBW
show

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Bata Corporation

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