Risk

 and  Resilience
Derin  Ural
College  of  Engineering
University  of  Miami  

UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI
COLLEGE of ENGINEERING
Transforming Lives Through Education, Research, Innovation and Service 1
 Reference:    FEMA  Higher  Education  Program

UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI
COLLEGE of ENGINEERING
Transforming Lives Through Education, Research, Innovation and Service 2
 Building  Support,  
Forming  Partnerships,  and  
Involving  the  Public
Objectives

1. Understanding  the  Need  for  Hazards  Risk  

Management
2. Defining  Hazards  Risk  Management  Goals
3. Communicating  Risk
4. Identifying  Hazards  Risk  Management  
Stakeholders  and  Defining  Roles
5. Building  Public-­‐Private  Partnerships
6. Conducting  Public  Consultation:  Justification,  
Methods,  Benefits,  and  Risks
UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI
COLLEGE of ENGINEERING
Transforming Lives Through Education, Research, Innovation and Service
Direct  Costs
• Public  infrastructure
• Homes  and  residences
• Business  facilities
• Business  inventories
• Insured  losses

UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI
COLLEGE of ENGINEERING
Transforming Lives Through Education, Research, Innovation and Service 5
Indirect  Costs
• Lost  wages  and  earnings
• Lost  business  opportunities
• Lost  market  share
• Lost  population
• Lost  savings
• Environmental  losses
• Lost  tax  revenues

UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI
COLLEGE of ENGINEERING
Transforming Lives Through Education, Research, Innovation and Service 6
Small  Business  Losses
• Physical  damage  vs.  economic  impacts
• Disaster  Research  Center  Surveys:
• Des  Moines,  IA  in  1993
• Northridge,  CA  in  1994
• Indirect  costs  not  included  in  overall  loss  estimates

UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI
COLLEGE of ENGINEERING
Transforming Lives Through Education, Research, Innovation and Service 7
Economic  losses
• Local
• Regional
• National
• World  Trade  Center  bombings

UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI
COLLEGE of ENGINEERING
Transforming Lives Through Education, Research, Innovation and Service 8
Strategic  Context
• Shift  to  risk  management
• Australia
• New  Zealand
• International  Strategy  for  Risk  Reduction  (ISDR)

UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI
COLLEGE of ENGINEERING Slide 10-
Session 10
Transforming Lives Through Education, Research, Innovation and Service 9
International  Strategy  for  Risk  Reduction  
(ISDR)
• Mandate
• Activities:
• Coordinate
• Campaign
• Advocate
• Inform  and  connect

UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI
COLLEGE of ENGINEERING
Transforming Lives Through Education, Research, Innovation and Service 10
ISDR  Partners
• Regional  Organizations  and  Platforms
• Countries  and  National  Platforms
• Parliamentarians
• U.N.  Organizations
• International  Financial  Institutions
• Civil  Society  Organizations
• Academic  and  Research  Institutions
• Private  Sector
• Media
• Thematic  Platforms
UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI
COLLEGE of ENGINEERING
Transforming Lives Through Education, Research, Innovation and Service 11
Domestic  Shift  to  Risk  Management
• Project  Impact
• Pre0-­‐Disaster  Mitigation  (PDM)  Grant  Program
• Tulsa  Partners,  Inc.
• Community-­‐based

UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI
COLLEGE of ENGINEERING
Transforming Lives Through Education, Research, Innovation and Service 12
Primary  Goal  
Reduce  impacts  on:
•Residents
•Built  environment  
•Economy
•Critical  infrastructure  
•Natural  environment

UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI
COLLEGE of ENGINEERING
Transforming Lives Through Education, Research, Innovation and Service 13
Supportive  Objectives
• Increase  public  safety.
• Remove  homes  and  businesses  from  at  risk  areas.
• Reduce  deaths  and  injuries  from  known  risks.
• Reduce  economic  losses.
• Reduce  damage  to  homes.
• Reduce  damage  to  businesses.
• Reduce  damage  to  public  infrastructure.
• Improve  response.
• Improve  evacuation  procedures  and  practices.
• Reduce  small  business  closings  after  a  disaster.
• Reduce  job  loss.
UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI
COLLEGE of ENGINEERING
Transforming Lives Through Education, Research, Innovation and Service 14
Define  Objectives
• Provide  accurate  information  on  risks
• Research  potential  risk  management  actions  
• Understand  community  values
• Consult  with  all  stakeholders  
• Prioritize  actions
• Build  consensus  and  support  

UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI
COLLEGE of ENGINEERING
Transforming Lives Through Education, Research, Innovation and Service 15
Identify  Community  Hazard  Issues
• Public  consultation
• Review  of  past  events
• Emergency  management  sources
• Non-­‐traditional  sources
• Case  studies

UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI
COLLEGE of ENGINEERING
Transforming Lives Through Education, Research, Innovation and Service 16
Identify  Community  Hazard  Issues
Public  Consultation:
•Community  meetings
•Community  hotline
•Interviews  with  community  leaders
•Questionnaires  soliciting  broad  public  input

UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI
COLLEGE of ENGINEERING
Transforming Lives Through Education, Research, Innovation and Service 17
Identify  Community  Hazard  Issues
Review  of  past  events:
•News  media  accounts
•Government  After-­‐Action  Reports
•Academic  and  government  studies
•Public  survey  research  – opinion  polls  and  focus  groups
•Business  community  newsletters  and  reports

UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI
COLLEGE of ENGINEERING
Transforming Lives Through Education, Research, Innovation and Service 18
Identify  Community  Hazard  Issues
Emergency  management  sources:
• Technical  studies  and  reports  on  specific  hazards
• How-­‐to  guides  on  mitigation  planning
• Weather  projections
• Projections  of  future  disaster  events
• Flood  maps
• Hazard  mitigation  techniques  and  technologies
• Disaster  preparedness  plans  and  programs
• Building  codes  and  code  enforcement
• Fire  prevention  and  education
UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI
COLLEGE of ENGINEERING
Transforming Lives Through Education, Research, Innovation and Service 19
Identify  Community  Hazard  Issues
Non-­‐traditional  sources:
•Global  climate  change
•Economic  impacts
•Public’s  risk  perception
•Future  community  development
•Environmental  quality
•Forest  management
•Business  trends

UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI
COLLEGE of ENGINEERING
Transforming Lives Through Education, Research, Innovation and Service 20
Identify  Community  Hazard  Issues
Case  Studies:
•FEMA  Mitigation  Best  Practices  Portfolio
•Earthquake  Engineering  New  Zealand
•Asian  Disaster  Preparedness  Center

UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI
COLLEGE of ENGINEERING
Transforming Lives Through Education, Research, Innovation and Service 21
Define  Community  Hazard  Issues
Risk  Perception
•Stress
•Misinformation  and  rumors
•Salem  Witch  Trial

UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI
COLLEGE of ENGINEERING
Transforming Lives Through Education, Research, Innovation and Service 22
Define  Community  Hazard  Issues
Risk  Perceptions  Factors:
•Gender
•Worldviews:
• Fatalism
• Hierarchy
• Individualism
• Egalitarianism
• Technological  Enthusiasm
•Emotion

UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI
COLLEGE of ENGINEERING
Transforming Lives Through Education, Research, Innovation and Service 23
Define  Community  Hazard  Issues
• Identifying  who  and  what  is  impacted:
• General  public  
• Residences
• Neighborhoods
• Political  and  government  organizations
• Business  community  and  the  marketplace
• Community  groups  and  institutions
• Universities  and  colleges
• Public  infrastructure
• Environment

UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI
COLLEGE of ENGINEERING
Transforming Lives Through Education, Research, Innovation and Service 24
Define  Community  Hazard  Issues
Examining  past  impacts:
•Deaths
•Injuries
•Property  damage
•Economic  losses
•Societal  disruptions
•Changes  in  quality  of  life
•Political  impacts
•Legal  issues
UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI
COLLEGE of ENGINEERING
Transforming Lives Through Education, Research, Innovation and Service 25
 Define  Community  Hazard  Issues
Identifying  potential  future  impacts:
•Will  future  impacts  be  greater?  
•Will  additional  parties  be  impacted?

UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI
COLLEGE of ENGINEERING
Transforming Lives Through Education, Research, Innovation and Service 26
 “The  Eleven  “C’s”  of  Community  
Disaster  Education”
• Community-­‐focused
• Cost  effective
• Concise
• Clear  Messages
• Common  Language
• Consistent  Messages

UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI
COLLEGE of ENGINEERING
Transforming Lives Through Education, Research, Innovation and Service 27
 “The Eleven “C’s” of Community
Disaster Education”
• Coalitions
• Compel  Action
• Continuous  Repetition  and  Reinforcement  of  Messages
• Children
• Conversation

UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI
COLLEGE of ENGINEERING
Transforming Lives Through Education, Research, Innovation and Service 28
Communicate  and  Consult
• Communication  plan
• Two-­‐way  dialogue
• Understand  decision-­‐making
• Perceptions  of  risk

UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI
COLLEGE of ENGINEERING
Transforming Lives Through Education, Research, Innovation and Service 29
Communicate  and  Consult  (Cont.)
• Communication  Process:
• Issue  identification
• Communication  ways
• Strategies
• Type  of  information
• Materials
• Messages
• Uncertainty
• Access
• Enable  and  encourage
• Role  of  the  media

UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI
COLLEGE of ENGINEERING
Transforming Lives Through Education, Research, Innovation and Service 30
Risk  Management  Stakeholders
• Government
• Business  community
• Academia/hazards  research  community
• Community  groups

UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI
COLLEGE of ENGINEERING
Transforming Lives Through Education, Research, Innovation and Service 31
Risk  Management  Stakeholders
Government  -­‐ Elected  Officials
•Federal  elected  officials  
•State  Governors
•Local  elected  officials

UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI
COLLEGE of ENGINEERING
Transforming Lives Through Education, Research, Innovation and Service 32
Risk  Management  Stakeholders
Government  -­‐ Agencies  and  Departments
•Federal
• FEMA/DHS
• Other  Federal  agencies  
•State
• State  emergency  management  agencies
• Other  State  government  agencies
•Local
• Local  emergency  management  agencies
• Other  local  government  agencies

UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI
COLLEGE of ENGINEERING
Transforming Lives Through Education, Research, Innovation and Service 33
 Risk  Management  Stakeholders
Business  Community
•Large  employers
•Small  business  owners
•Chambers  of  Commerce
•Project  Impact
•Business  sectors

UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI
COLLEGE of ENGINEERING
Transforming Lives Through Education, Research, Innovation and Service 34
Risk  Management  Stakeholders
Academia/Hazards  Research  Community
• FEMA  Higher  Education  Program
• University  Research  Programs
• Not-­‐for-­‐profit  institutes

UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI
COLLEGE of ENGINEERING
Transforming Lives Through Education, Research, Innovation and Service 35
Risk  Management  Stakeholders
Community  Groups
•Local  Emergency  Planning  Committees
•Local  chapters  of  national  and  regional  community  organizations
•Faith-­‐based  and  voluntary  groups

UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI
COLLEGE of ENGINEERING
Transforming Lives Through Education, Research, Innovation and Service 36
Public  Private  Partnerships
FEMA  Regions  
•Core  attributes:  
• Being  publically  accessible
• Dedicated
• Resourced
• Engaged
• Sustainable

UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI
COLLEGE of ENGINEERING
Transforming Lives Through Education, Research, Innovation and Service 37
Public  Private  Partnerships
Regional  models
•Situational  awareness
• Dedicated  liaison
• Communication  protocols
• Business  rep  in  EOC
• Fully  staffed  business  EOC
•Local  MOUs
•Joint  participation  in  training  and  exercises
•Identifying  community  resources

UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI
COLLEGE of ENGINEERING
Transforming Lives Through Education, Research, Innovation and Service 38
Public  Consultation
• Identify  needs
• Educate  public
• Engage  stakeholders
• Challenges:
• Risk  awareness
• Knowledge  of  mitigation

UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI
COLLEGE of ENGINEERING
Transforming Lives Through Education, Research, Innovation and Service 39
Public  Consultation
• Engaging  the  Public:
• Identify  the  public
• Organize  public  participation  activities
• Develop  a  public  education  campaign

UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI
COLLEGE of ENGINEERING
Transforming Lives Through Education, Research, Innovation and Service 40
Engaging  the  Public
Identify  Risk  Management  Stakeholders;
•Government
•Business  community
•Academia/hazards  research  community
•Community  groups

UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI
COLLEGE of ENGINEERING
Transforming Lives Through Education, Research, Innovation and Service 41
Engaging  the  Public
Organize  Public  Participation:
•Schedule  public  participation  activities:
• Regular  community  meetings
• Hotline
• Interviews
• Questionnaires
•Analyze,  evaluate,  and  incorporate  comments
•Document  results

UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI
COLLEGE of ENGINEERING
Session 10
Transforming Lives Through Education, Research, Innovation and Service 42
Engaging  the  Public
Develop  a  public  education  campaign
•News  media:
• News  conferences
• Interviews
• PSAs
• Public  access  programming
• Public  affairs  programming
• Newsletters

UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI
COLLEGE of ENGINEERING
Transforming Lives Through Education, Research, Innovation and Service 43
Engaging  the  Public
Social  Media:
•Facebook
•Twitter
•YouTube
•Other  social  media  outlets

UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI
COLLEGE of ENGINEERING
Transforming Lives Through Education, Research, Innovation and Service 44
Engaging  the  Public
Brochures,  fliers,  and  newsletters
•Concise
•Graphics
•Contact  information
•Distribution:
• Utility  bills
• Grocery  and  department  stores
• Government  buildings
• Libraries
• Tax  notices  and  government  communications
• Local  newspapers
UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI
COLLEGE of ENGINEERING
Transforming Lives Through Education, Research, Innovation and Service 45
Engaging  the  Public
Outreach  at  community  events  like  festivals,  fairs,  and  bazaars  
•Develop  an  event  booth
•Recruit  team  members  to  staff  the  booth
•Team  members  can  distribute  information
•Talk  with  community  members

UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI
COLLEGE of ENGINEERING
Transforming Lives Through Education, Research, Innovation and Service 46
Engaging  the  Public
Internet:
•Use  the  community  website  and/or  bulletin  board
•Provide  current  information  on  planning  process
•Solicit  and  receive  public  input
•Post  announcements
•Post  technical  reports  and  information

UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI
COLLEGE of ENGINEERING
Transforming Lives Through Education, Research, Innovation and Service 47