Electric Circuits 1

Lecture #2

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 Power
- Remember
𝑊𝑜𝑟𝑘 𝐶ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒
𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 = , 𝐶𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 (𝐼) =
𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑆𝑒𝑐

𝑊𝑜𝑟𝑘
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 (𝑉) =
𝐶ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒

𝑊𝑜𝑟𝑘 𝑄 𝑊𝑜𝑟𝑘
𝑣 .𝑖 = ∙ = = 𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟
𝑄 𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒

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- Voltage & Current conventions for absorbed power (called the
passive sign convention)

Pabsorbed = v . i

Pgenerated = - v . i

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Example: Find power absorbed in the circuit above for each of the
following cases.

(a) v = 2 V , i = 3 A ⟹ Pabsorbed = v . i = 6 W
(b) v = - 2 V , i = 3 A ⟹ Pabsorbed = v . i = - 6 W
Power generated = 6W
(c) v = 2 V , i = - 3 A ⟹ Pabsorbed = v . i = - 6 W
(d) v = - 2 V , i = - 3 A ⟹ Pabsorbed = v . i = 6 W

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 Power
- Remember
𝑊𝑜𝑟𝑘 𝐶ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒
𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 = , 𝐶𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 (𝐼) =
𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑆𝑒𝑐

𝑊𝑜𝑟𝑘
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 (𝑉) =
𝐶ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒

𝑊𝑜𝑟𝑘 𝑄 𝑊𝑜𝑟𝑘
𝑣 .𝑖 = ∙ = = 𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟
𝑄 𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒

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 Voltage & Current Sources :
① Independent voltage source:

An independent voltage source has a terminal voltage vs

,which is independent of the current that goes through it.

⟹ Generally, a voltage source generates power.
⟹ It is possible that a voltage source absorbs power
(ex: charging a battery)

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① Independent voltage source:

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② Independent current sources:

⟹ The current through this element is completely independent of the

voltage across it .

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③ Dependent sources:

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Example: Find vL :

vL = 5 v2 = 15 V

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Example: Find the power absorbed by each element in the
following figure:

Current Source:
Pabs = v . i = (8)*(-7) = - 56 Watt
⟹ Pgen = 56 Watt

Component 1 :
Pabs = v . i = (8)*(2) = 16 Watt

Component 2 :
Pabs = v . i = (12)*(-5) = -60 Watt ⟹ Pgen = 60 Watt
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Example: (continued)
Component 3 :
Pabs = v . i = (20)*(8) = 160 Watt

Dependent Source:
v = Voltage = 20 V
i = Current = 0.25 vx = 0.25 (-12) =-3A
Pabs = v . i = (20)*(-3) = - 60 Watt
⟹ Pgen = 60 Watt

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 Conservation of power
- Note: The sum of absorbed power in a circuit should always
be equal to zero
⟹Power absorbed = Power generated
For previous circuit :
∑Pabs = -56 + 16 - 60 + 160 - 60 = 0
= -176 +176 = 0
Or ∑Pabs = ∑Pgen

16 + 160 = 56 +60 + 60
176 = 176
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Thank you

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