The body Planes

MARK ERROL E. CUTARAN, LPT, MAED-PE

ANATOMICAL DIRECTIONAL
TERMINOLOGIES
• Superior (Cranial) - closer to the head
• Inferior (Caudal) - closer to the feet

• posterior (dorsal) - closer to the posterior surface of the body

• anterior (ventral) - closer to the anterior surface of the body

• medial - lying closer to the midline

• lateral - lying further away from the midline

• proximal - closer to the origin of a structure

• distal - further away from the origin of a structure
The body Planes
• 1. A coronal or frontal plane
divides the body into dorsal and
ventral (back and front, or
posterior and anterior) portions.
• 2. A Transverse plane also known
as an axial plane or cross-
section, divides the body into
cranial and caudal (head and tail)
portions.
• 3. A Sagittal Plane divides the
body into sinister and dexter (left
and right) portions.
RANGE OF MOTIONS
MARK ERROL E. CUTARAN, LPT, MAED-PE
Range Of Motion
• The movement of a joint to the extent possible without
causing pain Purposes:
1. Promote and maintain joint mobility
2. Prevent contractures and shortening of muscles and
tendons
3. Increase circulation to extremities.
4. Facilitate comfort for the patient
Types Of ROM
1. Active ROM exercises – Exercises the client is able to
perform independently.

2. Passive ROM exercises – Exercises performed for the client

by someone else.

3. Active assisted ROM exercises – Performed by a client with

some assistance. Client can move a limb partially through its
ROM, but needs help completing the ROM.
Guidelines For Performing ROM
• Start with the head and move down, always do bilaterally
• Return body part to normal anatomical position
• Move each joint through full range of motion
• Move to point of resistance not pain
• Allow for rest periods whenever required
• Note drastic change in vital signs, extreme fatigue
• Should not disrupt the healing process
• Warm water relaxes the muscles and joints
ROM TERMINOLOGIES
• Abduction - moving a body part away from the midline of
the body
• Adduction - moving a body part toward the midline of the
body
• Extension - straightening a body part
• Flexion - bending a body part
• Rotation - turning the joint
• Internal rotation - turning the joint inward
• External rotation - turning the joint outward
ROM TERMINOLOGIES
• Plantar flexion - bending the foot down at the ankle
• Pronation - turning the joint downward
• Supination - turning the joint upward
• Inversion- turning the sole of the foot towards the midline
• Eversion- turning the sole of the foot away from the mid
line
ACTIVITY: A DAY IN MY LIFE
• Create a vlog featuring a day in your life, your daily routine,
including what physical activity you do.
• Your video should be 3-8 minutes only, this is an enabling
activity for our next lesson.
• You are given until Oct. 29, 2021 to do it ☺
RANGE OF MOTIONS
MARK ERROL E. CUTARAN, LPT, MAED-PE