Introduction to the Philosophy

of the Human Person

Opinion vs. Truth

Quarter 1, Module 4
  DepEd K to 12 Senior High School Philippines (2019). DepEd K
to 12 Senior High School. Retrieved from https://
OPINION VS. TRUTH depedshs.blogspot.com/2001/06/introduction-to-philosophy-of-
human.html

This module is designed for Senior High School stu-
dents. It intends to provide an understanding to the nature of the
human being and to develop the capacity for a critical and ana-
lytical reflection from ones holistic and profound vision of life
and existence.
2.1. Distinguish opinion from truth. (Nakikilala ang
pagkakaiba ng katotohanan sa opinion.) PPT11/12-Ic-1.4
 Guevara, G. A. (2016). Pambungad sa pilosopiya ng tao. Rex
Bookstore, Inc. Maynila
 Opinion. (2020). Cambridge Dictionary. Retrieved 19:00, March
19, 2020, from https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/
english/opinion
 Opinion. (2020). Merriam-Webster. Retrieved 15:00, March 18,
2020, from https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/opinion

In doing this module, the following  Truth. (2020). Merriam-Webster. Retrieved 19:46, March 19, 2020
are some reminders: from https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/truth

 Introduction to the philosophy of the human person first quarter

1. Take the pretest before
activity sheets. (2016). Department of Education. Retrieved from
answering the module.
https://www.depedrovcatanduanes.com/files/11-Intro-to-Philo-AS-
2. Read the instructions carefully v1.0.pdf
before doing each task.
3. Answer all the exercises.
PREPARED BY:
4. Take the posttest.
5. Use a separate sheet in
answering all the activities. DAWN CRISELLE HANDIG
Teacher II
Dagupan City National High School - Senior High School

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_____ 9. Opinion means a view, judgment, appraisal formed in
the mind about a particular matter or a belief stronger than
impression and less strong than positive knowledge.
_____ 10. Sa pagtatanong nasusuri ang mga karimlan ng
kalawakan.
_____ 11. Opinions can never be basis of truth in any
circumstances and at any cost.
_____ 12. Impressions are pivotal instruments in philosophizing.
_____ 13. The Filipino word “ano” is widely used in various
contexts.
_____ 14. Opinions vary.
_____ 15. Ang pamamaraan ng pamimilosopiya ay nag-uumpisa
sa pagtatanong ayon sa mga pahayag ni Geoffrey A.
Guevara sa kanyang aklat.
“The truth is always the strongest argument.”
Sophocles
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Directions: Write True or False on the space before the number.
_____ 1. Truth means a transcendent fundamental or spiritual reality.
_____ 2. Illusions are the fundamentals of well-generated facts.
_____ 3. Ang pamamaraan ng pamimilosopiya ay nag-uumpisa sa
pagtatanong ayon sa mga pahayag ni Geoffrey A. Guevara
sa kanyang aklat.
_____ 4. Sa paghahanap sa katotohanan, kailangang maging malay
sa dalawang panig na nagsasalubungan at kung minsan ay
nagbabanggaan: ang nagsasalita at ang kausap.
_____ 5. Sa pagtatanong nasusuri ang mga karimlan ng kalawakan.
_____ 6. Opinion means a view, judgment, appraisal formed in the
mind about a particular matter or a belief stronger than im-
pression and less strong than positive knowledge.
_____ 7. Impressions are pivotal instruments in philosophizing.
_____ 8. Opinions vary.
_____ 9. Opinions can never be basis of truth in any circumstances
and at any cost.
_____ 10. Truth can be based on occurrences or situations.
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_____ 11. The Filipino word “ano” is widely used in various
Directions: Write True or False on the space before the number.
contexts.

_____ 12. Inquiry is essential in philosophizing.

_____ 1. Kailangang maging alisto sa meron ang dalawa [ang
_____ 13. Kailangang maging alisto sa meron ang dalawa [ang
nagsasalita at ang kausap] —sa meron ng karanasan, sa
nagsasalita at ang kausap] —sa meron ng karanasan, sa
meron ng kausap ko, sa meron ng sarili.
meron ng kausap ko, sa meron ng sarili.
_____ 2. Sa paghahanap sa katotohanan, kailangang maging
_____ 14. The two divisions of opinion are: knowledge and belief.
malay sa dalawang panig na nagsasalubungan at kung
_____ 15. The two levels of knowledge are: reason and
minsan ay nagbabanggaan: ang nagsasalita at ang kausap.
understanding.
_____ 3. The two levels of knowledge are: reason and

understanding.

_____ 4. . Illusions are the fundamentals of well-generated facts.

_____ 5. Truth can be based on occurrences or situations.

_____ 6. The two divisions of opinion are: knowledge and belief.

_____ 7. Truth means a transcendent fundamental or spiritual

reality.

_____ 8. Inquiry is essential in philosophizing.

“The truth is rarely pure and never simple.”

Oscar Wilde

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 OPINION
- a thought or belief about something or someone or a judg-
ment about someone or something (Cambridge Dictionary, 2020).
- a view, judgment, appraisal formed in the mind about a
particular matter or a belief stronger than impression and less
strong than positive knowledge (Merriam-Webster, 2020).
Fig. 1. Two Divisions of Opinion
 TRUTH
- the body of real things, events, and facts; the state of be-
ing the case; a transcendent fundamental or spiritual reality
(Merriam-Webster, 2020).
Fig. 2. Two Levels of Knowledge
Suggested Activity: To further comprehend the
difference between FACTS and OPINIONS watch
the video of Jessica Brewer at https://
www.youtube.com/watch?v=fnFnWWAnlkw
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In the previous lesson, you’ve come to
learn the following terminologies and their func-
tions in doing philosophy:
• Philosophical Reflection is open-ended in the
sense that the goal is not to arrive at one defin-
itive answer to everyone.
• Day-to-day Life: Prior to reflection, our notions
of progress seem to be commonsensical and
those who deviate from this notion would readi-
ly be labeled as traditional, anti-progress, and
irrational.
• Reflection: However, an encounter with peo-
ple coming from different horizons of under-
standing (life-worlds) forces us to take a step-
back from our notion of progress and examine
their rationality using their own criteria instead
of ours.
• Application (Praxis): After realizing that there
are a plurality of perspectives as to the mean-
ing of progress and that our own perspective is
not necessarily the (only) correct one, one
should realize that it would be unjust to impose
one’s beliefs on others especially when it re-
sorts to violence.
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OPINION VS. TRUTH
 OPINION
- a thought or belief about something or someone or a judg-
ment about someone or something (Cambridge Dictionary, 2020).
- a view, judgment, appraisal formed in the mind about a
particular matter or a belief stronger than impression and less
strong than positive knowledge (Merriam-Webster, 2020).
Fig. 1. Two Divisions of Opinion
 TRUTH
- the body of real things, events, and facts; the state of be-
ing the case; a transcendent fundamental or spiritual reality
Fig. 2. Two Levels of Knowledge
Philosophy uses truth as tool in philosophizing.
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4. What are the essential elements of philosophizing?
____________________________________________________
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5. How do you feel when you heard an opinion about you?
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6. Reflect. By doubting we are led to question; by question-
ing, we arrive at the truth. - Peter Abelard
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‘Pursuit of philosophy follows the path of truth.”

Practice Time 2
Directions: Answer and reflect on the following questions.
1. What will you do if someone asks you, “Puwede po mag-
tanong?” Can we consider this as a witty question? Why or why
not?
_____________________________________________________
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2. Why do people ask? Is it necessary to ask? Can man survive
without asking? Defend your answer.
_____________________________________________________
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3. Why do we have to avoid giving unsolicited opinions to people
who are not too familiar with us?
ANG MGA PAMAMARAAN NG PAMIMILOSOPIYA
Geoffrey A. Guevara
“Ang pamamaraan ng pilosopiya ay nagsisimmula sa pag-
tatanong at sa hindi matapos na pagtatanong bilang dulo. Mga
tanong na sunod-sunod hanggang sa ang dulo ay wala nang sa-
got. Madali at mahirap itong pamamaraan ng pilosopiya ngunit
kung iyong paglilimiin, lahat ng mga bagay ay parehong madali at
mahirap (Guevara, 2016), p. 25).
Mahilig tayong mga Filipino gumamit ng salitang “ano” (o
“kuwan”) bilang pantukoy at/o pamalit sa pangngalan, pang-uri,
pandiwa, at pang-abay. Ang kagulat-gulat: kahit ano lamang ang
sinasabi, nagkakaintindihan tayo sa ating pag-ano (Guevara, 2016,
p. 27).
“Grabe, si Ano, inaano niya si Ano!”
“Saan pa-ano ang jeep na ito?”
“Tumigil ka na kundi maano ka!”
“Kung anohin mo kaya iyang inaano mo?”

_____________________________________________________
 Bakit nga ba nagtatanong ang tao? Kaya mo
_____________________________________________________
bang hindi magtanong sa loob ng tatlong araw?
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________  Sa paanong paraan tayo magkakaintindihan ka-
pag ano tayo ng ano? Ano nga ba ang ano?

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 ANG MAILAP NA KATOTOHANAN Practice Time 1
Geoffrey A. Guevara Directions: Choose a word from the box. Write down other related
Sa paghahanap sa katotohanan, kailangang maging malay words or ideas that you can think of in relations to the word that
sa dalawang panig na nagsasalubungan at kung minsan ay you chose. Use the space below the image.
nagbabanggaan: ang nagsasalita at ang kausap. May nakikita ang
nagsasalita sa sarili niya; may nakikita rin naman ang kausap sa
kaniyang sarili. Kailangang maging alisto sa meron ang dalawa—
sa meron ng karanasan, sa meron ng kausap ko, sa meron ng
sarili.

Ilan sa mga argumentong ginagamit ng mga tao upang pa-

totohanan [ang katotohanan] at/o ipasa bilang totoo ang isang
opinion ang mga sumusunod (Guevara, 2016, p. 33).

 Isip “Alam ko ito”

 Isip “Sinabi ni”

 Isip “Biktima ako”

 Isip “Sino ka ba”


Sa iyong mga karanasan at nakita sa iyong paligid,
anong mga katanugan ang naisip mo na sa iyong pala-
gay ay maglilinang ng iyong personal na pilosopiya?

___________________________________________
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