MODULE 6

At the end of the unit, the student must be able to:

a) recall the different purposes of communication;
b) choose web-based presentations with propriety to the purpose;
c) organize speech conscientious of the audience to the context of
the communication
for varied purposes.
 Lesson 1

PURPOSES OF COMMUNICATION

At the end of the lesson, the students must be able to:

a) identify the different purposes of communication;

b) tell the purpose of the chosen communication material;
c) analyze an explanation essay.

Introduction
When people communicate with each other, they exchange various forms of
meaning of ideas and information through a common system of symbols. Typical
communications can include writing in a diary, watching television, talking with friends,
speaking over the telephone, etc. As observed, people spend time communicating more
than they spend on any other complex activity of life. Human communication takes
place in many levels, from the simplest interpersonal and small-group exchanges
among friends through mass communication like social media, as experienced in public
speeches, in reading magazines, or listening to news broadcasts.

Let’s Get Started!

Students must be reading announcements for information and guidance in school

activities. Let’s test your skill here. Read the sample announcement and answer the
questions.
1. What important information is
conveyed by this announcement?

_____________________________
2. To whom is the message addressed?
 _____________________________
3. What is the purpose of the announcement?

_____________________________

Source: https://articleofenglish.blogspot.com/2013/07/examples-of-announcements.html

Let’s Learn!

Are you aware that communication serves five major purposes? These are to inform,
to express feelings, to imagine, to influence, and to meet social expectations. Each of
these purposes is shown in a form of communication found in the following matrix:

Form of Communication Description

1. Informative Communication presents an objective—that is, truthful and
unbiased—view of the topics being
considered.
2. Affective Communication a type of communication through which a
writer expresses his/her emotion about
things, people, phenomenon, etc.
3. Imaginative Communication a communication through which invented
situations are created and, in most cases,
shared. Whenever people invent jokes or
stories, speculate, daydream, or make
believe, they are engaged in imaginative
communication.
4. Persuasive Communication a communication through which purpose
is to convince or to influence others with
the writer’s own beliefs, actions biases in
life. This communication also tries to
prove the convincing quality of a certain
product to be patronized.
5. Ritualistic Communication a communication through which people
meet social expectations. The word ritual
comes from the Latin ritualis, meaning
“pertaining to rites.” Example: Wedding
invitation, announcement of the
christening of a child, an invitation for a
debut party, etc.
Source: https://kids.britannica.com/students/article/communication/273754

Let’s Do this!

With reference to the matrix given above, identify what form of communication is each
item below and its purpose. In the 2nd column write either INFORMATIVE, AFFECTIVE,
IMAGINATIVE, PERSUASIVE, or RITUALISTIC; in the 3rd column, write either to
inform, to express feelings, to imagine, to influence, and to meet social expectations.

Form of Communication Purpose

1. News
2. Advertisement
3. Political Campaign
4. Lecture
5. Sales Letter
6. Consultation for
Counseling
7. Parts Manual
8. Films
9. Business letter
10. Poem
Name: ______________________________________________
Course/Year/Section: ___________________________________
Class Schedule: _______________________________________

Let’s Test What You Know!

One of the purposes of communication is to provide information to the reader or listener.

Reading with understanding a reading material enable the reader to get useful
information not only for academic life but also for day to day living similarly situated to
the article read. Thus one skill that the reader should develop is addressing the ‘why’ to
the phenomenon, the ‘why’ does it happen, ‘why’ is it so, etc. In other words, the act of
reading must enable the reader to make a sound judgment or a logical reasoning to the
situation. An explanation essay is an example of this piece of work.

To test your skill, read carefully the following explanation essay, A MANSION OF MANY
LANGUAGES by Danton Remoto (2017):

A Mansion of Many Languages

Danton Remoto

1. In 1977, my mentor, the poet and National Artist for Literature and Theater Rolando
S. Tinio, said: “It is too simple-minded to suppose that enthusiasm for Filipino
as lingua franca and national language of the country involves the elimination of
English usage or training for it in schools. Proficiency in English provides us with all
the advantages that champions of English say it does. It gives us access to the vast
fund of culture expressed in it and mobility in various spheres of the international
scene. This is especially true in those spheres dominated by the English-speaking
Americans. It also helps us to participate in a quality of modern life of which some
features may be assimilated with great advantage.”
2. Professor Tinio continues: “Linguistic nationalism does not imply cultural
chauvinism. Nobody wants to go back to the mountains. The essential Filipino is not
the center of an onion one gets at by peeling off layer after layer of vegetable skin.
One’s experience with onions is quite telling: Peel off everything and you end up
with a pinch of air.”
3. English enrolment rising
Written 40 years ago, these words still echo especially now. By some quirk of
history and economics, enrolment in English courses are rising. This is so because
there are many vacant positions for teachers of English and literature in private and
public schools. Moreover, there are many vacancies, still, for jobs in call centers
with entry-level pay of P18,000 plus a signing bonus. It is also a career that will
make you earn twice your present salary in just a few years. With the opening of
the doors of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), more Filipinos
are being hired to teach English in the region.
4. Why? First, Filipino teachers will accept a pay scale lower than their Western
counterparts, a pay scale that is still higher than what they would get in the
Philippines. Second, they are conversant with American popular culture, a happy
(or unhappy) result of colonialism and neo-colonialism. Third, they are still
Southeast Asians beneath their skin and are thus familiar with Asian cultural
practices, whether said or unsaid. One is the importance of saving face.
5. The meaning of “maybe” or “I will try” to an invitation means the invited does not
want to hurt you by giving a vague answer. Another is the primacy given to family.
Already in his 50s, one is still called Totoy or Baby or Blue Boy, and still lives with
one’s parents and extended family in the warm cocoon of home. Meals are shared,
stories swapped, Netflix passwords given away, to kin who live just an arms’ length
away from you. You can see that, as well, in the other Southeast Asian countries. In
these places, families are nuclear and not split. Food is communal and not eaten in
siloed cubicles. I have lived in Singapore and Malaysia, and food is one good way
of keeping friends.
6. Mastery of two languages
Three long decades of teaching English and Filipino to students have shown me
that the best students in English are also the best students in Filipino. And how did
they master the two languages?
7. One, they had good teachers in both languages in their early years. Two, they have
inhabited the worlds of both languages—English in school; they spoke English in
social media, Tagalog at home, and Taglish with friends. Three, they have gone
beyond the false either-or mentality that hobbled their parents’ generation. This
either-or mentality was a product of weak critical thinking.
8. Let me explain
My best students in English and Filipino were taught by the crème de la crème,
many of them teaching in the private schools in Metro Manila and the regions. At
the Ateneo de Manila University, we used to have classes in Remedial English,
since renamed Basic English or English 1. These were six units of non-credit
subjects. These were intelligent students from the public schools and the provinces.
Lack of books and untrained teachers hindered them from having a level playing
field with the other freshmen. A year of catching up was necessary for them to have
the skills to put them at par with the other students.
9. Moreover, I introduced them to the worlds of the language they were studying. This
can be in the formal realm of the textbook. It can also be found in films,
 documentaries, graphic novels, YouTube video clips or animes. I encourage them
to keep a journal as well, which was not a diary where you wrote what time you
woke up and why. A journal, or its cyberspace cousin, the Web log or blog, aims to
capture vivid impressions or moods on the wing. If at the same time it sharpens the
students’ knowledge of English, then the English teacher is ready to sing hallelujah.

10. Bilingual students

The third is that today’s generation is no longer burdened by the guilt of learning
English – and mastering it. I still remember the writing workshops I took in the
1980s, when I was asked why I wrote “petit-bourgeois” poems and stories in the
colonizer’s language. The panelist said I should write about workers and peasants –
and that I should write in Filipino. Without batting a false eyelash, I answered that
unfortunately, I grew up in a military base and knew nothing about the lives of
workers and peasants. I added that to write about something I don’t know would be
to misrepresent them. I could write about the lives of young soldiers and retirees
fading into the sunset. I could write about the lives of the brave soldiers’ wives and
their children. That I know only too well.
11. To the charge that I write only in English, I showed them my poems in Filipino. The
modern Filipino writer is not only a writer in either English or Filipino. He or she
writes in both languages, or in Cebuano or Bikolano or Ilocano or Waray. These
languages are like colorful balls he juggles with the dexterity of a seasoned circus
performer.
12. So it’s no longer choice between English and Filipino. Rather, it is now English and
Filipino, plus the language of one’s grandmother, be it Bikolano, Waray, or Tausug.
And in college, another language of one’s choice, be it Bahasa Malaysia, German,
or French. Learning other languages is good. It gives you a better way to view the
world from many windows. To learn a new language is to see the world from
another angle of vision. In short, one no longer has to live between two languages,
but to live in a mansion of many languages.
13. To end in a full circle, we must return to Professor Tinio, who said: “Only the
mastery of a first language enables one to master a second and a third. For one can
think and feel only in one’s first language, then encode those thoughts and feelings
into a second and a third.” This, then, is the gist of the mother-tongue approach to
language learning, which the Department of Education has finally adopted for our
elementary schools nationwide.
14. In short, as Dr. Isabel Pefianco Martin, my friend and fellow professor at the Ateneo
de Manila University has put it: “The Philippines is a multi-lingual paradise.” The
earlier we know that we live in a paradise of many languages, the better we can
savor its fruits ripened by the sun.

Answer the following questions based on the given explanation essay:

1. How does the author introduce the topic of his essay?

______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

2. In paragraph 4, the author asks the question “Why?” This signals that he is

explaining something. What exactly is he explaining?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
3. What are the explanations he provides for the phenomenon you identified in
#2 above? Give three answers.
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
4. In paragraph 7, the author writes, “Let me explain.” What exactly is the
phenomenon he is explaining?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

5. What are the explanations he provides for the phenomenon you identified in
#4 above? Give three answers.
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
6. How does the author end his essay?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
Source: Madrunio, M., 2018. Purposive Communication: Using English in Multilingual Context. C.E. Publishing, Inc.
 Lesson 2

WEB-BASED COMMUNICATION

At the end of the lesson, the students must be able to:

a) identify the different Web Based Communication Channels;

b) explain the functions and uses of the different Web Based communication tools;
c) share ideas using the chosen Web Based communication channel.

Introduction
Trending nowadays are the different platforms of communication in the social
media. As observed, it has many positive offers to the users such as an avenue to earn
for a living, for a wholesome entertainment, for education, etc. It cannot be denied that
there are also negative impact brought about by the abuse use of technology and these
platforms or channels.

Let’s get started!

The web has quickly become the dominant way that many companies,
organizations, and individuals provide information to others. Its dominance as a
communication medium points out the importance of understanding how to present that
information in a way that people can quickly and easily comprehend and use it.

Let’s Learn!

Web Based Communication Channels

Web Based Communication Channels are websites that allow you to talk and
communicate to other people around the world through the internet

1. Blog is a written document that people would write about something like a topic
or issues and share internet links so other people can see them. Examples of
people using blogs would be people in a business and students in a school or
college as they can share information on a project or document they are working
on.
 2. Vlog is the same as a blog but you would discuss your topic though the use of a
webcam. The best site to find Vlogs would be YouTube or blogging web sites like
blogger or word press as they would contain a lot of people who would post
something like that online.
3. Podcasts are recording about topics or issues and then puts them on the internet
so that people can download them and listen to them on their computer or mp3
player etc. Example: BBC radio’s website would have mainly upload podcasts
regularly on their website as the radio station is very popular and many people
would listen to the show as well as the podcasts.

4. Web Pages are sites that allow you to post a comment about what you are
thinking and your friends will be able to read them and comment on them.
Good examples of Web Pages are sites like facebook and twitter as they will
allow you to write down whatever you’re thinking and people will be able to
respond to what you have said.

5. Video Conferencing Definition. A video conference is when someone who is in

another country can communicate with each other by the use of a camera and
the internet. Some examples are Zoom and Google Meet which are used for
video conferences and you can also have more than one person in the
conference at one time.
Source: https://www.slideshare.net/stefano120/web-based-communication-channels

Let’s do this!

Read carefully the following article and answer the questions following it.

5 DESIGN PRINCIPLES OF HUMAN COMPUTER INTERACTION

by  LUKE  |  APR 27, 2018  |  BLOCK 1: THE DIGITAL WORLD  |

Human Computer Interaction (HCI) is the design and study of how people (Users)
interact with technology interfaces. HCI is everywhere and not just restricted to the
home PC or laptop, HCI also refers to other technologies from mobile phones, MP3
players, IPads to microwave ovens, digital radio and even remote controls.
 
HCI – Human Computer Interaction Communication between a human and a
computer system, referring in particular to the use of input/output devices with
supporting software. John Daintith. – A Dictionary of Computing. 2004.

There are many different properties that go into HCI design. Though I am only
going to cover 5 here since that is what I am currently being taught, there are many
more such as:
  Requirements Engineering
 Interaction Design
 Personas
 Disruptive Innovation
 Visual Aesthetics

Affordance
Affordance in terms of design means how an object should
physically be used, we should be able to visually see what
that object or thing  should be used for. Let’s do a quick example
of affordance, check out my wheelie bin
The design is instantly recognisable and we automatically know
what to do with it. The two handles at the top are designed to
pull, so that is one affordance. The wheelie bin also has two
handles on the back so we can pull it behind us, yet another affordance. We also
put our recycling inside, that’s yet another affordance.
There are also affordances for which the wheelie bin was not originally designed to
do. Light does not pass through it, so we can hide behind it. We can climb inside if
we wanted to! There are hundreds of things we come in contact with on a daily
basis where the design is intuitive. Affordances are things we think about without
even knowing.

Perceivability
A website user should be able to perceive when or if an action should be carried
out. The website itself should be designed so users get visual
clues about what to do and where to go next. Designers use
a call to actions for this process, in the form of text, graphics
and other elements such as sound. The less time the user
spends trying to work out what to do next the more
perceivability the website has. Most designers will try to
abide by universal standards, such as placing a search box in the upper right-hand
area of the website. To help aid in the searching process it is universally known that
the search button is to the right of the search bar itself.

Feedback
Giving the user feedback whilst processing an action is fundamental when it comes
to HCI design. If a user does not get the proper feedback, they may think something
is wrong or they did not perform the action, therefore they
will perform the action again and this could lead to errors.
Feedback comes in many shapes and sizes. When a user
clicks an action we want the outcome to happen as soon as
possible and in the fastest time, certain actions need a little
bit more time to process. We as humans have very little
patience, so to counteract this, designers incorporate features that give us
feedback. For example, just say you want to search for something on a website,
depending on the search it could take some time. So the designers can place a
loading box element with some text such as “We are just searching your results,
please bear with us…”. Since we can now see feedback and that our action is
actually  “doing something”, we have a little bit more patience to await the results of
the search. Here are some typical user feedback examples:
 Mouse graphic turning into a sand timer
 Flashing red lights on a TV indicating the remote control action has worked
 Led light on a kettle telling us that it has been switched on
 A “Waiting…” graphic on a website after an action has been carried out.

Constraints
Constraints are when the interactive options and functions of a product are
restricted. Since we have all filled them out at some
point, we shall look at website forms. When we fill out a
form online, whether it be for a registration,
subscription, book an appointment or other, they are
generally the same in the sense they require
information.
Forms use constraints to stop us from making
frustrating errors. For example, until we type in
the *required information the form needs, we are
prevented from pressing “Submit” or “Send”.
Many years ago this system was not in place, the form would actually let you send
after partially completing it and then complain it was incorrect, this meant we had
to re-type the form back out, very frustrating! Apart from forms, there are other
constraints used in everyday life such as menu items being disabled on a website
because they are not being used. A button in a life which is greyed out as that
particular button is not being used. There are a lot of different ways to sway the
user from wasting time by placing constraints. There are also two different kinds,
physical and psychological. Take a set of traffic lights, for instance, the light is
on red, we can physically go but psychologically we shouldn’t.

Consistency
Consistency tells us the way in which I make sense of the world, including products
we interact with. As humans, we create and work out patterns in almost everything
we do, this helps us to decide what our next steps are to achieving our ultimate
goal.
The same is true for interactive products. If I said to you “Website Menu”, you are
instantly thinking that the menu is somewhere near the top of the website. That’s
because it’s universally known that website menus appear at the top of all pages.
On the other hand, if the menu items linked to different pages each time a user
followed it, the website would be almost impossible to use and very inconsistent.
It is just not enough that website elements need to be perceivable, they must also
be designed and organised with consistency, since interacting with them needs to
yield the same results each and every time.
One last example is the sharing buttons on the bottom of this very post, just one
glance and we already know that they are for sharing on Facebook, Twitter,
Google+, LinkedIn, Pinterest and finally Reddit.

1. What is the blog all about?

________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

2. How is the message in the blog communicated?

________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

3. What do you think of the visual features of the blog, specifically, the images,
layout, colour, graphics, etc.?
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

4. Does the blogger provide adequate links to other websites?

________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
Name: ______________________________________________
Course/Year/Section: ___________________________________
Class Schedule: _______________________________________

Let’s test what you know!

 Write a blog about HEALTH PRESERVATION in the Philippine Context. It
must be at least 500 words long and includes at least three images and three links to
other websites. Write this using MS Word with the following format:

Paper: Letter
Margin: Normal
Orientation: Portrait
Column: Your choice
Font style: Arial
Font size: 12
Spacing: 1.5

Please be guided by this rubric:

Lesson 3

TYPES OF SPEECHES

At the end of the lesson, the students must be able to:

i. identify the different types of speeches;

ii. develop confidence in delivering a speech;
iii. deliver one type of speech.
Introduction

How we deliver a speech is just as important as the basic message we are trying
to convey to an audience. If you have worked hard on preparing the verbal part of your
speech, you may feel that delivery is just an “extra” that should not require much time or
effort. All the while the speech has been carefully planned, researched, and polished.
It has been carefully constructed, logically crafted, ethical message, thus, its words
alone would engage audience’s attention and interest—right?

Let’s get started!

7 Qualities of Good Speakers That Can Help You Be More Successful

Source: https://www.skillsyouneed.com/rhubarb/good-speaker-qualities.html

1. They are well-prepared. One of the most important qualities of a good speaker is
preparedness. Generally, a topic is given to focus on for any kind of public
speaking. This may be for the purpose of sharing your ideas, elaborating on your
company, or just to spread the word about a certain issue. If a speaker is prepared,
he/she can captivate an audience. To be prepared, start by creating an outline or
make a draft of the topic. While rehearsing, try to vary your presentation in whatever
way you can because a monotonous way of speaking might bore your audience.

2. They deliver unique messages and ideas. One of the qualities of a good public
speaker is the ability to deliver a unique message. Audiences don't want a repeat of
something that they have heard before. They want to hear a fresh new perspective
and want a new take on things. One of the easiest ways to deliver a unique and
powerful message while speaking in public is to just stay true to yourself and your
beliefs. Everyone can offer a fresh new perspective on life and elaborating on that
can help you develop a unique message.

3. They provide actionable content. A good public speaker doesn't always deliver a
speech or talk just to pass the time. Their public speeches are generally designed to
help the audience to improve on what they do or the way in which they think. The
best example of this is someone talking about their new start-up business. Imagine
they have the opportunity to talk to a large audience about the new company and all
that it does. They can focus on simply getting information across to the audience
but will greatly improve engagement if they use an action-oriented approach,
providing advice for the audience to take away.

4. They can make the complex simple. One quality good speakers possess is the
ability to make even the most complex of theories simple. Remember that your
audience might not even know the basics of what you are talking about, and you
should draft your speech in a way that allows them to understand everything from
the very beginning.
5. They are charismatic. One of the hardest things to do is to captivate your
audience while talking in public. The best approach is on the way you deliver your
message, your charism. The main point to keep in mind is to sound relatable in the
way you talk, and be confident in the way you move. Maintaining eye contact,
standing tall with great posture and using appropriate hand gestures and facial
expressions is always important. The pace at which you talk can also make a
significant difference.

6. They are always open to questions. One important point in public speaking is to
always be open to questions so that you can engage more with your audience.
Successful people encourage feedback. They pay attention to what is being said to
them and listen with interest and an open mind. They act and answer questions
with empathy. They are empowered by positive feedback, and they thrive on
negative feedback. They learn to control being defensive. They are open to
sentiment and criticism while not taking it too personal.

7. They share instead of sell, give instead of take. This is one point that applies to
those who are going to be speaking in public about their company, profession or
product. Instead of trying to sell your product or idea, try to share your thoughts on
it. This makes the talk seem more genuine and can result in the audience opting for
what you have to offer. This also helps the audience relate to you or your company
more.

Activity:

Listen to the SONA 2020 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zzwFhzr0Ni0) then

determine what qualities the speaker possesses based on the discussion of the
qualities of a good speaker above. Write your answer here.
1. 4.
2. 5.
3. 6.

Let’s Learn!

Speeches are classified according to purpose, according to delivery, and according to

occasion.
Types of Speeches
Source: https://www.slideshare.net/JAKEDAPOG/

I. Basic Types of Speeches according to PURPOSE: (to inform, to instruct,

to entertain, and to persuade).
 a) INFORMATIVE. This speech serves to provide interesting and useful information
to your audience.
Example: A teacher telling students about earthquake
A student talking about her research
A travelogue about the Tower of London
A computer programmer speaking about new software
b) DEMONSTRATIVE. This has many similarities with an informative speech.
A demonstrative speech also teaches you something. The main difference lies in
including a demonstration of how to do the thing you are teaching.
Example: How to start your own blog
How to bake a cake
How to write a speech
How to… just about anything
c) PERSUASIVE. A persuasive speech works to convince people to change in
some way they think, the way they do something, or to start doing something that
they are not currently doing.
Example: Become an organ donor
Improve your health through better eating
Television violence is negatively influencing our children
Become a volunteer and change the world
d) ENTERTAINING. The after-dinner speech is a typical example of an
entertaining speech. The speaker provides pleasure and enjoyment that make
the audience laugh or identify with anecdotal information.
Example: Excuses for any occasion
Explaining cricket to an American
Things you wouldn’t know without the movies

Effective preparation requires identifying the purpose of your speech. Once you have
identified your purpose, you can move on to the objective of your speech.

II. Types of Speeches according to DELIVERY

The easiest approach to speech delivery is not always the best. Substantial work
goes into the careful preparation of an interesting and ethical message, so it is
understandable that students may have the impulse to avoid “messing it up” by
simply reading it word for word.
a) IMPROMPTU SPEAKING. It is the presentation of a short message without
advance preparation. Impromptu speeches often occur when someone is asked
to “say a few words” or give a toast on a special occasion. Impromptu speeches
are generally most successful when they are brief and focus on a single point.
Advantage: It is spontaneous and responsive in an animated group context.
Disadvantage: The speaker is given little or no time to contemplate the central
theme of his or her message. As a result, the message
may be disorganized and difficult for listeners to follow.
b) EXTEMPORANEOUS SPEAKING. Extemporaneous speaking is the
presentation of a carefully planned and rehearsed speech, spoken in a
conversational manner using brief notes. By using notes rather than a full
 manuscript, the extemporaneous speaker can establish and maintain eye contact
with the audience and assess how well they are understanding the speech as it
progresses.
Advantage: It promotes the likelihood that you, the speaker, will be perceived as
knowledgeable and credible. In addition, your audience is likely to pay better
attention to the message because it is engaging both verbally and nonverbally.
Disadvantage: It requires a great deal of preparation for both the verbal and the
nonverbal components of the speech. Adequate preparation cannot be achieved
the day before you are scheduled to speak.
c) SPEAKING FROM A MANUSCRIPT. Manuscript speaking is the word-for-word
iteration of a written message. In a manuscript speech, the speaker maintains
his or her attention on the printed page except when using visual aids. The
advantage to reading from a manuscript is the exact repetition of original words.
d) SPEAKING FROM MEMORY. Memorized speaking is the rote recitation of a
written message that the speaker has committed to memory. When it comes to
speeches, memorization can be useful when the message needs to be exact and
the speaker doesn’t want to be confined by notes. The advantage to
memorization is that it enables the speaker to maintain eye contact with the
audience throughout the speech.
III. Types of Speeches according to OCCASION
a) CEREMONIAL SPEAKING. Ceremonial speeches are speeches given during a
ceremony or a ritual marked by observance of formality or etiquette. These
ceremonies tend to be very special for people, so it should not be surprising that
they are opportunities for speech making.
i. Speech of Introduction. This is a mini speech given by the host of a ceremony
that introduces another speaker and his or her speech. A speech of
introduction should be a complete speech and have a clear introduction, body,
and conclusion—and you should do it all in under two minutes. The body of
your introductory speech should be devoted to telling the audience about the
speaker’s topic, why the speaker is qualified, and why the audience should
listen. The conclusion is generally designed to welcome the speaker to the
lectern.
ii. Speech of Presentation is a brief speech given to accompany a prize or honor.
When preparing a speech of presentation, first you should explain what the
award or honor is and why the presentation is important; second you can
explain what the recipient has accomplished in order for the award to be
bestowed (Did the person win a race? Did the person write an important piece
of literature? Did the person mediate conflict? Whatever the recipient has
done, you need to clearly highlight his or her work). Lastly, if the race or
competition was conducted in a public forum and numerous people didn’t win,
you may want to recognize those people for their efforts as well.
iii. Speech of Dedication is delivered when a new store opens, a building is
named after someone, a plaque is placed on a wall, a new library is
completed, and so on. These speeches are designed to highlight the
importance of the project and possibly those to whom the project has been
dedicated.
 1. A toast speech is a speech designed to congratulate, appreciate, or
remember. It can be delivered for the purpose of congratulating someone
for an honor, a new job, or getting married. You can also toast someone to
show your appreciation for something they have done. Lastly, we toast
people to remember them and what they have accomplished.
When preparing a toast, the first goal is always to keep your remarks brief.
Toasts are generally given during the middle of some kind of festivities
(e.g., wedding, retirement party, farewell party). Second, the goal of
a toast is to focus attention on the person or persons being toasted—not on
the speaker.
2. The roast speech is a very interesting and peculiar speech because it is
designed to both praise and good-naturedly insult a person being honored.
Generally, roasts are given at the conclusion of a banquet in honor of
someone’s life achievements.
3. A eulogy is a speech given in honor of someone who has died.
4. A farewell speech allows someone to say good-bye. Maybe you’ve
accepted a new job and are leaving your current job, or you’re graduating
from college and entering the work force.
IV. INSPIRATIONAL SPEAKING. The goal of an inspirational speech is to elicit or
arouse an emotional state within an audience or goodwill.
a) GOODWILL SPEECH. Goodwill is an intangible asset that is made up of the
favor or reputation of an individual or organization. Speeches of goodwill are
often given in an attempt to get audience members to view the person or
organization more favorably. Although speeches of goodwill are clearly
persuasive, they try not to be obvious about the persuasive intent and are often
delivered as information-giving speeches that focus on an individual or
organization’s positives attributes.
There are three basic types of speeches of goodwill:
i) Speech for Public Relations. In a public relations speech, the speaker is
speaking to enhance one’s own image or the image of his or her
organization. You can almost think of this speech as cheerleading because
the ultimate goal is to get people to like the speaker and what he or she
represents.
ii) Speech for Justification. Speech of justification which is given when
someone attempts to defend why certain actions were taken or will be taken.
In this speech, speakers have already enacted (or decided to enact) some
kind of behavior, and are now attempting to justify why the behavior is or was
appropriate.
iii) Speech of Apology. This speech has become more and more common-
place. Every time we turn around, a politician, professional athlete, musician,
or actor/actress is doing something reprehensible and getting caught. It has
quickly become a fodder for humor as well.
b) SPEECH FOR COMMENCEMENTS. This is designed to recognize and
celebrate the achievements of a graduating class or other group of people.
The most typical form of commencement speech happens when someone
graduates from school.
 Let’s do this!
Fill out the table with information that you have learned in the previous section
Type of Speech Description Example
A. According to Purpose
1.
2.
3.
4.
B. According to Delivery
1.
2.
3.
4.
C. According to Occasion
Ceremonial Speaking
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Inspirational Speaking
a. Speeches to Ensure
Goodwill
1.
2.
3.
b. Speeches for
Commencements

Name: ______________________________________________
Course/Year/Section: ___________________________________
Class Schedule: _______________________________________

Let’s Test what you Know!

A. Prepare a Demonstrative Speech of not less than 300 words with an Introduction,
Body and Conclusion. Memorize then perform this in front of a video camera. (No
 time limit) Wait for your teacher’s instruction as to when and where to submit your
video clip.

Please be guided by these Criteria for evaluating your Demonstration Speech:

Eye Contact - 10
Knowledge of Process - 15
Confidence/ Enthusiasm - 10
Preparedness - 10
Content - 15
Total 60 points

B. For those who cannot do the video recording, write your demonstrative speech in
the space here provided.