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VOLKSWAGEN GROUP – ANNUAL REPORT 2019

Financial Key Performance Indicators

% 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015

Volkswagen Group
Gross margin 19.5 19.7 19.0 18.9 15.9
Personnel expense ratio 17.0 17.5 17.0 17.0 17.0
Operating return on sales 6.7 5.9 6.0 3.3 -1.9
Return on sales before tax 7.3 6.6 6.0 3.4 -0.6
Return on sales after tax 5.6 5.2 5.0 2.5 -0.6
Equity ratio 25.3 25.6 25.8 22.7 23.1

Automotive Division1
Change in unit sales year-on-year2 +0.5 +1.1 +3.7 +3.8 -2.0
Change in sales revenue year-on-year +5.7 +2.7 +5.3 +1.1 +3.6
Research and development costs as a percentage
of sales revenue 6.7 6.8 6.7 7.3 7.4
Operating return on sales 6.5 5.5 5.7 2.5 -3.4
EBITDA (in € million)3 29,706 26,707 26,094 18,999 7,212
Return on investment (ROI)4 11.2 11.0 12.1 8.2 -0.2
Cash flows from operating activities as a percentage of
sales revenue 14.5 9.2 6.0 10.9 12.9
Cash flows from investing activities attributable to
operating activities as a percentage of sales revenue 9.4 9.4 9.0 8.6 8.1
Capex as a percentage of sales revenue 6.6 6.6 6.5 6.9 6.9
Net liquidity as a percentage of sales revenue 8.4 8.2 9.7 12.5 11.5
Ratio of noncurrent assets to total assets5 26.4 23.3 23.7 23.4 23.1
Ratio of current assets to total assets6 17.0 17.6 16.3 15.9 15.2
Inventory turnover7 4.8 5.0 5.1 5.5 5.8
Equity ratio 37.6 37.9 36.9 31.4 32.6

Financial Services Division


Increase in total assets 7.9 11.2 6.0 8.3 13.9
Return on equity before tax8 10.8 9.9 9.8 10.8 12.2
Equity ratio 12.8 12.7 13.7 12.5 11.9
1 Including allocation of consolidation adjustments between the Automotive and Financial Services divisions.
2 Including the Chinese joint ventures. These companies are accounted for using the equity method.
3 Operating result plus net depreciation/amortization and impairment losses/reversals of impairment losses on property, plant and equipment, capitalized development costs, lease assets, goodwill and
financial assets as reported in the cash flow statement.
4 For details, see Value-based management.
5 Ratio of property, plant and equipment to total ass.
6 Ratio of inventories to total assets at the balance sheet date.
7 Ratio of sales revenue to average monthly inventories.
8 Earnings before tax as a percentage of average equity.

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