LStudy Guide for Week One Lectures and Exam

(this guide will assist you in identifying pertinent knowledge and how to apply that
knowledge in pediatric nursing care*)

Pediatric Nursing in the 21st Century:

1. How does Pediatric Nursing differ from Adult MedSurg?

2. What are the leading causes of death for infants under one year? What is the leading cause of

death by injury for infants under 1yr? 1yr-4yrs? 5yrs-18yrs?

3. Teens and Suicide/Homicide: What group is at highest risk for suicide; for homicide?

4. What are 5 common health problems for children listed in text?

5. What 6 factors that impact morbidity in children?

6. What are 5 aspects of family centered care*?

7. Define atraumatic care and provide an example*.

Family, Social, Cultural, and Religious Influences on Child Health Promotion:

1. Define Family

2. Name and define 3 family theories and explain how each can be used to assess the family*.

3. Name 9 or more types of family structures

 4. Define 3 parenting styles and how they impact how the family discipline their children.

5. Discuss why discipline is necessary and 4 aspects of effective discipline. Explain time-ins vs time-

outs. If using time-puts- how long should the child be in time-out?

6. List 4 special parenting situations and 2 nursing implications for each one*.

7. Outside of the family, list 4 social-cultural factors that influence the child and family.

8. Give one example of a social/cultural/religious health belief or practice and its nursing

implication. *

Developmental and Genetic Influences on Child Health Promotion:

1. List 3 patterns of growth and development.

2. Name the differences in metabolism, temperature regulation and sleep requirements in infants

vs. adults.

3. Name 3 categories of temperament in children and their nursing implications*.

4. What are the 4 stages of Freud’s psychosexual stages?

5. What are the 5 phases of Erikson’s Personality Development from birth to 18 yrs?

6. What are the 4 stages of Piaget’s theory of cognitive development?

7. List one type of play that infants engage in; toddlers; preschoolers; school-age.

8. Define the 5 social types of play and when observing play be able to identify the type*.

9. Discuss role of play in development and its nursing implications. *

10. Name 2 developmental screening tools and the nursing implications of screening tools*

11. Name one congenital anomaly; one disorder of intrauterine environment; one genetic disorder;

one genetic pattern of inheritance.

12. Discuss the role of the nurse associated with genetic factors that influence development and

discuss one ethical dilemma that may occur. *

Family-Centered Care of the Child During Illness and Hospitalization

1. List and define the 3 phases of separation anxiety.

2. List 3 stressors of hospitalization and the developmental nursing implications. *

3. Name 6 individual risk factors that may increase the negative effect of hospitalization.

4. Discuss at least one possible effect of hospitalization.

5. Name 3 possible parent/caregiver reactions to having their child hospitalized and how nurses

may support the family.

6. What reactions may a sibling have when their brother or sister is hospitalized and what is the

nursing role regarding siblings*?

7. List at least 3 ways a nurse may minimize the negative effects of hospitalization of the child*.

8. Compare these situations and how they may differ in effecting the child: ambulatory/clinic visit;

emergency department admission; Intensive care units.

Health Promotion of the Infant

1. At what ages does the infant double their weight?

2. At what age does infant grasp objects?

3. At what age does the child sit alone (may use their hand for support)?

4. What position should be used for a sleeping infant? Is tummy time safe and when?

5. At what age does a typical infant walk alone?

 6. What is Erikson’s psychosocial phase for infants and the nursing implication*?

7. What is Piaget’s stage of cognitive development and Freud’s stage of psychosexual for infants

and the nursing implications*?

8. What is object permanence?

9. When does stranger fear typically appear?

10. What teaching (list one for each) should the nurse provide regarding temperament, pacifier use,

thumb sucking, and teething*?

11. What is the best source of nutrition during the first 6 mos?

12. How should solid foods be introduced?

13. How many naps do most infants need?

14. What teaching do nurses provide for parents to prevent cavities in their infant?

15. Discuss the AAP position on immunizations. What ethical dilemmas might occur regarding

vaccinations? (What are your own values regarding immunizations*)?

16. What are 2 credible resources for nurses regarding immunizations?

17. At what age is the Pertussis vaccine given and why is this pertinent for nurses?

18. List at least 4 topics of Anticipatory Guidance nurses would address with families with infants.

Communication and Physical Assessment of the Child and Family

1. How do you introduce yourself to the family in the room when you first walk in the hospital

room*?
 2. When do you ask for an interpreter*?

3. List 3 considerations for communicating with children.

4. Describe what it means for a pediatric nurse to be an “opportunist.”

5. If a nurse needs to do a physical assessment on a sleeping infant, what is included and what

6. order is used*?

7. How does the Health History for a child differ from an adult HHx*?

8. What is the fluid maintenance requirements for a child weighing 15kg for 24 hours?

9. Give one example of how the nurse can use medical play*.

10. How do you weigh an infant?

11. How do you measure the B/P on a toddler*?

12. Describe how you measure the heart rate on an infant*.

13. How do you measure the child’s temperature?

14. Name 3 differences between the VS of an adult and a preschooler; an infant and a school-age

child.

Pain Assessment and Management in Children

1. List 3 differences between pain assessment in adults and children.

2. What is the role of nursing in pain in children*?

3. Describe the FACES pain scale and what age child is it used for.
 4. Describe the FLACC scale; what do the letters stand for; when is it used?

5. What does a child need to understand to use the numerical scale?

6. What are 4 causes of pain in the hospitalized child?

7. Name one medication used for mild to moderate pain in children

8. Name one medication used for severe pain in children.

9. Name 2 nonpharmacologic interventions for pain in children.

10. Name 1 complementary interventions for pain in children.

Fevers, Dehydration, Diarrhea, and Fluid Management

1. Define fever.

2. List 3 physiological benefits of fever.

3. Define Hyperthermia, one cause and one intervention.

4. What percentage of children with fevers have seizures and which children are more prone to

seizures with fever?

5. What 2 medications are used to control fever? May they both be given? If a child weighs 10 kg

what is the safe low/high dose for Acetaminophen? Safe dose range is 10-15mg/kg/dose.

6. Acetaminophen oral suspension for infants comes in a concentration of 160mg/5ml; if the order

is 80mg/dose, what is the fractional dose to be given?

7. How does the nurse monitor the response of an antipyretic?

8. List 8 reasons for a parent to notify a HCP if their child has a fever.
9. Why are infants more susceptible to develop dehydration?

10. Calculate the daily maintenance fluid requirements for child weighing 15kg for 24 hrs/

8hrs/1hr*.

11. Name 2 causes of dehydration in infants.

12. List 5 S&S of dehydration in infants.

13. List the S&S of moderate and severe dehydration including B/P, thirst, tears, anterior

fontanelle, capillary refill and urine output.

14. Name and define the 3 types of dehydration; which is the most common?

15. What oral fluid is used to replace losses; what it the replacement amount? What are the

developmental techniques of administration?

16. What IV fluid is typically used to quickly expand ECF? How much is given and over what time?

17. After initial bolus is given, what type of maintenance IV fluid is typically given?

18. When is KCL added to maintenance fluid and what amount?

19. What is monitored with strict I&O’s in infants and children? How is urine output measured*?