Social control, social order

& social deviation

By: Muti Ullah Khan
 Social control
All societies have ways to promote
order, stability & predictability in
social life without social control
social life would be un predictable
even chaotic
There are two broad of social

Internal

External
 Internal social control

Internal social control lies with in the individual and

is developed during socialization .you are practicing
internal social control when you act according to your
conscience .
e.g (you do something because it is the right to do)

 Most people according to this internal social control

e.g. they do the right thing ) most of the time.
External social control

The process of socialization does not ensure that all people

will conform all of the time. For this reason also be present.

External social control is based on social

sanctions rewards and punishment designed to encourage
desired behavior
Types or Forms of Social Control:

Different social thinkers have categorized social

control in different ways. A few classifications in
regard to types and forms of social control are as
follows:
(1) Forms of social control as given by Karl Mannheim:
Karl Mannheim, the famous social thinker, has
categorized social control under the following two
heads:
(a) Direct social control,
(b) Indirect social control
Direct & Indirect social control
(a) Direct social control:
That type of social control which directly regulates and controls the
behavior of the individual is called Direct Social Control. This type
of control is to be found in family, neighbourhood, play-groups and
other types of primary groups. In these institutions, parents,
neighbours, teachers, classmates etc., keep control over the
behaviour of the individuals.
(b) Indirect social control:
In this type of social control distant factors keep control over the
behaviour of the individual. Such a type of control is exercised by
secondary groups through customs; traditions, rationalised
behaviour etc. and public opinion are important forms of indirect
social control.
 (2) Forms of social control as given by Gurvitch:
According to Gurvitch social control is of the following four types:
(a) Organised social control:
In this type of social control, the behaviour of the individual is regulated
either through voluntary means or through democratic ways. This is done
through natural ways of social control.
(b) Unorganised social control:
This social control is exercised by values of culture and usages, traditions,
fashion, symbol etc. This is an elastic type of social control and is related
to day-to-day life.
(c) Spontaneous social control:
This type of social control is exercised by ideas, rules and regulations,
values, norms etc.
(d) More spontaneous social control:
Social control that is exercised by direct social and group experience, such
as, aspirations, decisions, desires, etc., is called more spontaneous social
control.
(3) Forms of social control as given by Kimball Young

Well-known social thinker Kimball Young has categorised

social control under the following two heads:

(a) Positive social control, (b) Negative social control

Positive sanction
e.g. ( smile ,a approval, award , raises) are used to encourage
conformity .
Negative sanctions
e.g (criticism ,fines, imprisonment ) are intended to stop
socially unacceptable behavior .
4) Hayes’s classification of social control:
He has classified social control under the following two
heads:
(a) Control by sanction, (b) Control by socialisation and
education.
(a) Control by sanction:
In this type of social control, those who act according to the
values of the’ society are rewarded, while to those who act
against the norms of the society are punished.
(b) Control by socialisation and education:
Through education and socialisation, the child is taught to
act according to the norms of the society.
General views about forms of social control:
Generally social control is classified under the following two
forms:
(a) Formal social control, (b) Informal social control
(a) Formal social control:
This type of social control is exercised by known and deliberate
agencies of social control, such as law, punishment, army,
Constitution etc. Man is forced to accept these forms of social
control. Generally these forms are exercised by secondary groups.
(b) Informal social control:
These agencies of Social Control have grown according to the
needs of the society. Folk ways, mores, customs, social norms etc.
fall under this category of social control. Generally primary
institutions exercise this type of social control
Informal means of Social Control:
1. Norms:
2. Value:
3. Folk Ways:
4. Mores:
5. Custom:
6. Belief System:
7. Ideology:
8. Social Suggestions:
9. Religion:
10. Art:
Formal Means of Social Control:

1. Education:

2. Law:
Topic

Social deviation
 What is deviation
1. To adaption unusual social behaviour other than on
going social patterns is social Deviation
( David popnoe )

2. No system of social control work perfectly. Some

person fail to behave as expectation is known
societies, although nonconformity may be defined as
social Deviation.
(Edgerton 1976)
 Kinds of deviation
1. Disapproved : some people in the society violate the existing
patterns and rules of the society for their personal benefits .
e.g Criminal, Robbers, Smugglers etc.
This is a sort of Disapproved deviation.
2. Approved : There are some people in this society who do not
like the prevalent norms and laws. They consider their right to
violate such norms and laws. They even express their violation
through their words and act. They do not hide from the others.
They even instigate other imitate them. Such people are
normally called revolutionary people which is how approved in
different societies.
Distinguish b/w Deviant & Criminal
Normally criminal is such person who breaks the
law of the land. But Deviant is such person who
breaks the norms of the society.
Distinguish b/w Deviant & Delinquent:
Delinquent is such person in the society who breaks
existing norms and social patterns. An age limit for
the Delinquent is 7 to 18 year But for Deviant is no
age limit.
 Causes of social deviation
1 . Lack in socialization
Socialization play vital role in forming a good and
responsible citizen if the process of socialization is
not given proper attention then, the degree of
social deviation increases in society . Due to lack
in socialization by the relevant social institution
such as family.
(continue) Causes of social Deviation
2:Ridged:

If the culture of society is un-flexible and un-

compatible to the changing circumstances the new
generation expresses its anger over this rigidity.
They deviate from such norms
e.g the norm inter caste marriages exchanged
marriages (watta – satta) and dowry.
(continue) Causes of social Deviation
3: Extra Ordinary Exploitation

If any group or nation is suffering from extra ordinary

exploitation then such group or nation may Deviate and
protest over the exploitation to attract the attention of the
government or international community.
e.g the object of freedom fighter in Kashmir is to attract the
attention of Indian government and international community
towards their rights of self determination .
(continue) Causes of social Deviation
4. Cultural invasion: cultural invasion of any other
culture to the extreme degree the people deviate
from their own culture patterns and do adopt the
other cultural patterns . e.g in our society we are
heavily influenced by the indian and western
culture.