Personal Protective

Equipment (PPE)

1
 Learning Outcomes
At the end of this session, student will be able to:-

1. Define personal protective equipment (PPE)

2. List the common PPE used in the healthcare
facilities
3. Explain the important of PPE in hospital

2
 What is PPE?

Personal Protective Equipment is

equipment that workers wear to
protect themselves from hazard in
their work environment.

3
Mask Gloves

PPE used in
hospital
setting

Gown Goggles

4
Type of
PPE:
1)Mask

5
 Definition of mask

Face mask is a protection device to

shield the face and to be worn by
workers engaged in a hazardous activity
during surgery and at other times
(procedure).

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 Types of mask

Disposable basic face mask

Standard surgical mask

N95 particulate respirator (SARS Mask)

Cone mask

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 Types of mask (cont.)
Offer only basic facial
protection
1. Disposable
basic face Used for simple procedure
mask or for any other purposes

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 Types of mask (cont.)
Intended for use in infection
2. Standard control practices (eg surgery /
surgical dressing )
mask ↓expose to body fluid & blood
Mask with metal- metal strip
to secure fit on the bridge of
the nose
Mask with visor- visor to
protect eyes from body fluid
splatter

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 Types of mask (cont.)

3. N95 particulate respirator

SARS mask

4. Cone mask

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Principle in wearing mask

Wear mask once only

Do not wear longer than the
manufacturer’s recommendations
or once it

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 Purpose

To reduce risk for transmission of organism by

droplet, contact and airborne route, and splutters
of body substances.

 Nurse to patient
 Patient to other people

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 Purpose (cont.)
Protect the wearer (health professionals Eg.
Nurse and doctor) from splashed in the mouth
with body fluids

Protect others from the wearer’s oral bacteria

(an already infected person wearing a mask may
slightly reduce his chances of infecting others, as
it may catch droplets of fluid expelled during
sneeze/ cough

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 Indications
Health professionals
When they need to perform sterile procedure
When they have illnesses- cough/ flu ect
When entering patient room

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 Indications (cont.)

Patient
 When leaving their room

Visitor
 When entering patient’s room
 When they have illnesses- cough/ flu ect

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 Indications (cont.)

Base on need of situation

 Eg. Patient with contagious respiratory
infection or compromised immune
infection (low body immunity)

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 Procedure
&
Nursing
responsibility

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 Pre performance phase
(wearing mask)
No Action Rational
1 Assess the need of using Not all procedures are require
mask mask & some patients are at risk
 Type of procedure for acquiring an infection.
 Nurse’s condition
(cough/flu)
 Patient condition (low
immunity)
2 Perform hand washing To reduce transmission of
microorganism and reduce
possibility of contamination

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 Performance phase (cont.)
(wearing mask)

No Action Rational
3 Remove the clean To maintain the cleanliness of
mask from the packet the mask
by holding at
the string.

4 Fasten the upper string To provides tight fit of the

on top of the head mask

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 Performance phase (cont.)
(wearing mask)
No Action Rational
5 Tie the upper ties at To provide tight fit of the mask.
the back of the head or
secure the loops
around the ear.

6 Fasten the lower string To ensure the mask fit snugly

at the back around the chin also it will
cover the nose and the mouth.

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 Performance phase (cont.)
(wearing mask)

No Action Rational
7 Fit the bridge of the To prevent the escape and the
mask so that it covers inhalation of microorganism
the mouth and nose. around the edges of the mask

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Performance Phase

REMOVING
SURGICAL MASK

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 Performance phase (removing
mask)

No Action Rational
1 Untie the lower string To prevent the top part from
of the mask first falling onto the chest
2 Untie the upper string to prevent the top part from
of the mask falling onto the chest

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Post Performance
Phase

REMOVING
SURGICAL
MASK
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 Post Performance phase
No Action Rational
1 Hold it at the ties To avoid touching the soiled
securely when remove part while discard the mask.
from the face.

2 Discard the mask in Some waste required special

the appropriate handling
container
-General waste- clean
mask
- Contaminate mask
(contact with blood/
body fluid)- clinical
waste 25
 Post Performance phase
(cont.)
No Action Rational
3 Wash hand To reduce the risk of
transmission of microorganism

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Type of PPE:

2)Gowning

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 Learning Outcomes
At the end of session students should be able to:-
1. Define the gowning
2. State the purpose of wearing mask, gown
3. State the protection offered for both patient and
nurse
4. Explain the steps of applying and removing the
isolation gown
5. Demonstrate the correct technique of applying and
removing the gowning
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 Definition

A protective garment worn by the

HealthCare provider designed to
prevent the spread of infection
between the HealthCare provider and
the patient.

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 Types of gowning
Disposable Apron

Used during procedures and

patient care activities when
contact of clothing and/or
exposed skin with blood, body
fluids or secretions.

Aprons occasionally are used

where limited contamination is
anticipated
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 Types of gowning (cont.)

Isolation Gown

Clean gowns are

generally used for
isolation.

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Types of gowning (cont.)
Disposable surgical gown

To help protect Health Care

Worker during surgery and
other procedures in which
exposure to blood, body
fluids and other potentially
infectious material.

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 Types of gowning (cont.)

Sterile gown

Sterile gowns are only

necessary for performing
invasive procedures

Example: inserting a
central line.

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 principle in gowning

Select gown materials bases on the activity and the

amount of body fluid that is expected
Remove surgical gown promptly when they are soiled

If blood or body fluids soak through a surgical gown,

remove it and any soiled clothing underneath and
immediately wash skin
Never wash or disinfect disposable surgical gowns
Never share surgical gowns with other users
34
 purpose of gowning

gown help prevent contamination between

caregiver and patient and they protect the
caregiver’s clothing

Use surgical gown to cover your trunk, arms,

legs, and clothing when you may be splattered by
someone else’s body fluids (eg: blood, respiratory
secretion, vomit, urine or feces)

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 Procedure
&
Nursing
responsibility of
GOWNING

36
 Pre performance phase
No Action Rational

1 Wash hand To reduce transmission of

microorganism and reduce
possibility of contamination

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 Performance phase
No Action Rational

2 Pick up the gown by To maintain the cleanliness of

holding at the neck and the gown without touching the
unfold in front toward outer layer.
you.

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 Performance phase (cont.)
No Action Rational

3 Insert both hand into the To prevent the gown from falling
sleeve simultaneously. down.

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 Performance phase (cont.)
No Action Rational

4 Then pull gown up and Protective garments prevent

over the shoulders transmission from nurse to
leaving sleeves cover patient and protect the nurse
both hands.
from contact with infectious
pathogens.

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 Performance phase (cont.)
No Action Rational

5 Fasten the ties at the neck Gown must completely cover

underlying garments to given
maximum protection

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 Performance phase (cont.)
No Action Rational
6 Fasten the waist tie; make Keep the gown from falling away
sure it overlapping the from the body and protect the
gown at the back covers nurse from contact with infectious
completely. pathogens.

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Performance Phase
REMOVING OF
GOWNING

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 Performance phase
( remove gown)
No Action Rational
1 Untie the waist tie The back of the gown is
considered contaminated;
from the waist downward

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 Performance phase (cont.)
No Action Rational
2 Untie the neck tie The neck tie considered as
clean, the waist area
downward considered
contaminated.

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 Performance phase (cont.)
No Action Rational
3 Roll up the gown- To prevent from touching the
soiled part goes inside outer/front part of the gown
& discard in the that considered contaminated
appropriate container
(avoid touching the
outer layer)

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 Post Performance phase
No Action Rational
1 Discard the mask in Soiled mask is consider as
the appropriate contaminated item that need
container-clinical waste to be dispose in the clinical
waste bin

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 Post performance phase (cont.)
No Action Rational

2 Wash hand To reduce transmission of

microorganism and reduce
possibility of contamination

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Type of PPE:
3) GLOVING

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 Learning Outcomes
At the end of session students should be able to:-
1. Define the gloving
2. State the purpose of wearing gloving
3. State the protection offered for both patient and
nurses
4. Explain the steps of applying and removing the
gloving
5. Demonstrate the correct technique of wearing and
removing the gloving 50
 Definition

What is glove ?

Glove is a covering for the

hand made with a separate
sheath for each finger and for
the thumb.

51
 Definition (cont.)

What is surgical glove?

 Surgical glove are medical safety

accessories that ensure sanitary hospital
conditions by limiting patients’ exposure to
infectious matter.

 There also serve to protect health

professionals from disease through
contact with body fluids
52
 Purpose of gloving

1. Protect the hand when handling any body

substances ( eg. Blood, urine, feces, sputum,
mucus)

2. Prevent transmission of microorganism from

health professional to patient

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 Purpose (cont.)

3. Prevent transmission of microorganism from one

patient to another patient by the health
professionals

4. Maintain sterility
to ensure maintain sterility during the sterile
procedure e.g. dressing

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 Indications

1. Perform sterile procedure

2. Handling any body substances

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 Principles in gloving
Observe the gloves package
 Wet or otherwise contaminated
 sterility of the glove
Correct glove size for proper fit maintaining asepsis
Choose suitable area to open the package and apply
the gloves
Should be reasonably stable and horizontal
Shall be no obvious airborne contaminants
A flat, clear workspace is necessary to successfully
carry out the procedure
56
 Types of gloves
Latex/ non- latex
Non sterile
Size range S, M, L
Examination
gloves Use for unsterile
procedures & most
(non sterile)
activities eg. Handling
body fluid, cleaning
patient‘s private part

57
 Types of gloves (cont.)
Sterile latex glove
More precise sizing- 5,
5½, 6, 6 ½, 7, 7½……
SURGICAL Powder or non powder
GLOVE Gloves are autoclaves
(STERILE) Use for surgical as well as
sterile procedures eg.
dressing, catheterization,
surgery….

58
 Procedure
&
Nursing
responsibility of
GLOVING

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 Pre performance phase
No Action Rational

1 Inspect condition of Lesions harbor microorganism.

hands for cuts, open This also protects caregiver
lesions or abrasions, from contamination resulting
any cut, lesions or
from any unseen tears or
abrasion should be
pinholes in gloves
covered with
impervious dressing.
(impervious- not
allowing water to pass
through)
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 Pre performance phase
No Action Rational
2 Remove ring(s), Ring(s) increase risk of tearing
bracelet or watch gloves.

3 Assess the type of To ensure proper use of sterile

procedure to be gloves when needed
performed. Eg. Dressing or catheterization

61
 Pre performance phase
No Action Rational
4. Select correct glove Glove come in many sizes and
size for proper fit. proper fit is conducive to
maintaining asepsis

5. Examine glove Torn or wet package permits entry

package to of microbes, so content is
determine if it is considered contaminated/
intact and expire
unsterile. Exp date determine the
date
content is no more sterile even
through the package are intact62
 Pre performance phase
No Action Rational

6 Open the outer pack Prevent inner glove package

without touching inner from accidently opening and
part and lay on the touching contaminated object
wrapper / sterile field.

63
 Pre performance phase
No Action Rational

7 Place the inner Sterile object held below waist

package on a sterile is contaminated. Inner surface
field at the work of glove package is sterile
surface that is at
comfortable working
height (waist level)
Discard wrap

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 Pre performance phase
No Action Rational

8. Wash hands Removes bacteria from skin

surface and reduce
transmission of infection

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 Performance phase
No Action Rational

9. Grasp one corner of Correct opening the inner

the inner package, wrapper creates a sterile field
open package, keeping for the gloves. If wrapper
gloves on wrapper’s
returns to folded position after
inside surface, palms
you touched it, gloves may be
up.
contaminated contact with
wrapper

66
 Performance phase
No Action Rational

10 Use thumb and first The hands are not sterile. By

two fingers of non touching only the inside of the
dominant hand, grasp glove, the nurse avoid
edge of cuff of glove
contaminating the outside
for dominant had.
Touch only glove’s
inside surface

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 Performance phase
No Action Rational

11 Put the second glove on the

non dominant hand .
a) Pick up the other glove This helps prevent
with the sterile gloved
accidental contamination
hand, inserting the other
of the glove by the bare
glove fingers under the cuff
and holding the gloved hand
thumb close to the gloved
palm

68
 Performance phase
No Action Rational

11 b) Pull on the second The thumb is less likely to

glove carefully. Hold touch the arm and become
the thumb of the contaminated
gloved first hand as far
as possible from the
palm

69
 Performance phase
No Action Rational

12 After second glove is Contact with unsterile inside

on, interlock hands of the gloves would transfer
together, above waist. organism to the outside of the
Touching only the
glove.
outside of the gloves,
adjust gloves so they
fit smoothly.

70
 Post performance phase
(removing of gloves)
No Action Rational

13 Grasp outside of the During procedure- gloves have

cuff with other gloved contacted organism from the
hand, avoid touching client’s skin. Touching the
wrist. Pull glove off,
outside of the glove and
turning it inside out.
inverting it when removing
Hold the glove in
remaining gloved hand glove prevents transmitting
these organism to the nurse’s
hands.

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 Post performance phase
No Action Rational

14 Slip ungloved thumb or Prevent contamination of

fingers inside nurse’s hand with organism
remaining glove and from outside of glove.
remove it by turning it
inside out
Do not touch outside
of the glove

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 Post performance phase
No Action Rational

15 Discard gloves in the Gloves containing blood or

biohazard bin. body fluid required special
handling.

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 Post performance phase
No Action Rational

16 Perform hand washing Reduce transmission of

infection

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