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Lesson 13 15
Lesson 13 15
本書は仮名学習を終えた学習者が初級文法を短期間で学ぶために作られました。独学の方でも
分かりやすいように簡潔に書かれています。JLPT N5 の合格に必要な文法を網羅していますが、
実用的なレベルに到るには、別の本と併用して使用することをお勧めします。
本書を学び終えたらなら、簡単な会話の文法はほぼマスターしたとも言えます。
毎日学習できるよう 2 ページの短いセクションに分かれており、1 ページが文法、もう 1 ペー
ジが練習問題になっています。ゆっくり学習しても数ヶ月で終えることができます。
iPhone 用の無料日本語学習アプリ「Coban」も本書と併用していただくとより効率よく学習で
きますので、是非ご利用ください。
Introduction.
This book is designed to help students who already know hiragana and katakana to learn
essential Japanese grammar quickly. The explanations are simplified to make self-learning
easy.
The book covers the grammar needed to pass the JLPT N5 but combining it with other
materials or books will help you feel more comfortable speaking Japanese.
By the end of this book, you should have almost mastered the grammar used in many basic
conversations.
The book is divided into short two-page sections, with one page for grammar and another for
exercises. If you study a new concept every one or two days you should be able to finish the
book in a couple of months.
You can also use the free Japanese learning app 'Coban' for iPhone to supplement your studies.
Free
https://apps.apple.com/us/app/japanese-grammar-coban/id1506009508
This is an app for studying a combination of basic grammar, vocabulary, pronunciation and kanji using
different exercises and tools.
Audio files are available for all materials (exercises, words, etc.) so you can learn the correct pronunciation.
You will also become familiar with the more than 800 words needed to pass the JLPT N5.
The grammar tips cover basic and also more advanced concepts.
Your efforts are recorded on your profile page to motivate you to learn ever more Japanese.
Lesson NIHONGO LIBRARY
13 nihongolibrary.com
Japanese verbs don’t change their forms based on who’s speaking. There are two classes of regu-
lar verbs.
■ Group 1 (1 だん )
In their dictionary form, Group 1 verbs end in る (i-ru or e-ru). The stem form is needed to
conjugate the verbs and verb suffixes depending on the tense. The stem form is made by removing
the final る (ru).
- Note -
In most books, ます represents the present affirmative, but this is not entirely accurate.
It actually refers to future actions and actions that have not started yet. But depending
on the adverb (every day, every morning, sometimes...etc.) that accompanies the verb, this
form can represent the present.
■ Group 5 (5 だん )
In their dictionary form, Group 5 verbs end in the vowel“u”, like the sounds う , つ , る , く ,
ぐ , す , む , ぶ , and ぬ .
These ending“u”sounds are dropped and replaced with“i”to form the Group 5 stem form.
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NIHONGO LIBRARY
nihongolibrary.com
れんしゅうもんだい
練習問題
■ Conjugate the following verbs. Answers ×
た ね
食べる : to eat 寝る : to sleep
Future affirmative ます
Future negative ません
Past affirmative ました
Past negative ませんでした
み お
見る : to watch, see 起きる : to get up
Future affirmative
Future negative
Past affirmative
Past negative
き の
聞く : to listen 飲む : to drink
Future affirmative
Future negative
Past affirmative
Past negative
か よ
買う : to buy 読む : to read
Future affirmative
Future negative
Past affirmative
Past negative
はな かえ
話 す : to speak 帰 る : to go home, return
Future affirmative
Future negative
Past affirmative
Past negative
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Lesson NIHONGO LIBRARY
14 nihongolibrary.com
Irregular verbs
These are only two irregular verbs する (to do) and くる (to come).
to do: する → し to come: くる → き
Like other verbs, these are conjugated by adding a verb suffix to the stem.
The verb suffixes are as follows:
- Note - く
There are only two main kinds of irregular verb, but other verbs that end in する and 来る
are conjugated in the same way as the above-mentioned verbs.
べんきょう べんきょう
• 勉 強 する → 勉 強 します • to study
さんぽ さんぽ
• 散 歩 する → 散 歩 します • to take a walk
も く も き
• 持って来る → 持って来ます • to bring
Particle を
■ 1) The particle を indicates the direct object of a transitive verb.
■ 2) The particle を also indicates the location of some movements or the location the sub-
ject is leaving for the following verbs:
とお ある と のぼ
通 る (to pass), 歩 く (to walk), 飛ぶ (to fly), 登 る (to climb, go up)
■ 3) The particle を also indicates the location from which a remote action takes place. It
is used with a verb of remoteness such as the following.
で そつぎょう お
出る (to go out), 卒 業 する (to graduate), 降りる (to get off),
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NIHONGO LIBRARY
nihongolibrary.com
れんしゅうもんだい
練習問題
■ Conjugate the following verbs. Answers ×
く
する : to do 来る : to come
Future affirmative ます
Future negative ません
Past affirmative ました
Past negative ませんでした
べんきょう も く
勉 強 する : to study 持って来る : to bring
Future affirmative
Future negative
Past affirmative
Past negative
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Lesson NIHONGO LIBRARY
15 nihongolibrary.com
Particle に
■ 2) Position (existence) : The particle に indicates a location where people and things exist.
いま
今レストランにいます。 どこにいましたか。
Now I’m at a restaurant. Where were you?
なんじ でんしゃ じ で
何時に電車は来ますか。 8時にうちを出ます。
What time will the train come? I leave home at 8 a.m.
■ 4) Indirect object, contact : The particle に indicates the indirect object of a verb.
Particle へ
- Note -
In general へ is pronounced“he”, but when it is a particle, it is pronounced“e”.
へいわ
• 平 和 heiwa (noun): peace
やま い
• 山へ 行く yama e iku (particle): I will go to the mountain
かのじょ ほう い ねこ やま ほう い
彼女はあちらの方へ行きました。 猫は山の方へ行きました。
She went in that direction. The cat went toward the mountain.
■ 2) Destination : Like the particle に , the particle へ can also indicate the destination.
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NIHONGO LIBRARY
nihongolibrary.com
れんしゅうもんだい
練習問題
■ Complete the following sentences. Answers ×
きょうと い
1. 京都のほう 行きました。
I went to Kyoto.
あさ じ がっこう い
2. 朝8時 学校 行きます。
I go to school at 8 a.m.
あした い
3. 明日レストラン 行きましょう。
Tomorrow we are going to a restaurant.
にほん きた りょこう
4. 日本の北のほう 旅行します。
I will travel to the north of Japan.
ちち まいあさ じはん かいしゃ い
5. 父 毎朝7時半 会社 行きます。
Every morning my father goes to work at 7:30.
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