S M Atiq

Senior Teacher of International Affairs

Contact: 01756328147

K‡ivbvi cÖfve we‡k¦ I evsjv‡`‡k: KiYxq

(Corona and its Impact)
wP‡bi û‡eB cÖ‡`‡ki Dnvb kn‡i 2019 mv‡ji 31 wW‡m¤^i me©cÖ_g kbv³ nq b‡fj K‡ivbv fvBivm †ivM hv
†KvwfW-19 bv‡g cwiwPwZ cvq we‡k¦| cieZ©x‡Z wek¦ ¯^v¯’¨ ms¯’v 2020 mv‡ji 11 gvP© K‡ivbv fvBivm‡K AwZgvwi
(c¨vb‡WwgK) †NvlYv K‡i| †KvwfW-19 wek¦Ry‡o gvbeRxe‡bi mKj wK cÖfvweZ K‡i‡Q| A_©bxwZ, mgvR I
cvwievwiK Rxe‡b e¨vcK cwieZ©b G‡b‡Q| evsjv‡ki IciI cÖfve c‡o‡Q| hw`I miKvwi bvbvgyLx c`‡ÿ‡ci
Kvi‡Y K‡ivbvi gvivZ¥K †Qvej †_‡K evsjv‡`k iÿv †c‡q‡Q|

K‡ivbv wek¦ A_©bxwZ‡Z cwieZ©b G‡b‡Q

1. †kqvi evRv‡i am: Av‡gwiKv I Gwkqvi cÖavb ÷K gv‡K©U¸‡jv‡Z gvivZ¥K am †b‡g‡Q| wdb¨vwÝqvj
UvBgm ÷K GK‡PÄ (GdwUGmB) 2020 mv‡j 14.3 kZvsk K‡g‡Q hv 2008 mv‡ji ci me‡P Lvivc|
wewfbœ †`k e¨vsK my‡`i nvi Kwg‡q w`‡qI †kqvi evRvi‡K mPj Ki‡Z cvi‡Q bv| Gwkqvi †`k¸‡jv
f¨vKwmb †`qvi axiMwZ †kqvi gv‡K©U¸‡jv‡K `ywðšÍvq †d‡j w`‡q‡Q|

2. †eKviZ¡: eû gvbyl PvKwi nvwi‡q‡Q A_ev Avq K‡g‡Q| eo A_©bxwZi †`k¸‡jv‡K †eKviZ¡ e„w× †c‡q‡Q|
AvBGgGd Gi Z_¨ g‡Z, Av‡gwiKv‡Z eQ‡i 8.9 kZvsk gvbyl PvKwii evB‡i P‡j hv‡”Q| bZzb PvKwii
my‡hvM †h cwigv‡Y ˆZwi nIqvi K_v mviv we‡k¦B Zv n‡”Q bv|

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 S M Atiq
Senior Teacher of International Affairs
Contact: 01756328147

3. †ewkifvM †`‡k g›`v Pj‡Q: AvBGgGd wnmve w`‡q‡Q, 2020 mv‡j wek¦ wRwWwc 4.4 kZvsk K‡g‡Q|
1930 mv‡ji gnv g›`vi ci GwU me‡P Lvivc Ae¯’v| eo A_©bxwZi †`k¸‡jvi g‡a¨ †Kej wPb cÖe„w×
Ki‡Z †c‡i‡Q| 2020 mv‡j Zviv 2.3 kZvsk cÖe„w× †`wL‡q‡Q

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 S M Atiq
Senior Teacher of International Affairs
Contact: 01756328147

4. †emvgwiK wegvb cwien‡Yi Ae¯’v †emvgvj: ågY wkí e¨vcKfv‡e ÿwZMÖ¯Í n‡q‡Q| GKw`‡K
GqvijvBbm KZ©„cÿ wewfbœ Kvi‡Y hvÎv evwZj K‡i‡Q Ab¨w`‡K †mevMÖnxZvivI e¨vemvqx ågY I QzwUi
w`‡bi ågY evwZj K‡i‡Q| `yB‡q wg‡j GB wkí Lye bvRyK Ae¯’vq †cŠu‡Q‡Q| d¬vBW ivWvi 24 Gi g‡Z,
2020 mv‡ji †h ÿwZ n‡q‡Q Zv mn‡R cywl‡q IVv `y®‹i n‡q co‡e|

5. †nv‡Uj, †gv‡Uj, wi‡mvU© e¨emvq am: GB †m±‡ii mv‡_ RwoZ nvRvi nvRvi gvbyl †eKvi n‡q c‡o‡Q|
ïay ZvB bq, AmsL¨ K¤úvwb †`Iwjqv n‡q †M‡Q| wkí welqK †Mv‡q›`v ms¯’v Uªvbmcv‡i‡›Ui g‡Z, 35
wgwjqb †nv‡Uj ÿwZMÖ¯Í n‡q‡Q gvivZ¥Kfv‡e|

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 S M Atiq
Senior Teacher of International Affairs
Contact: 01756328147

6. evRv‡i †µZv K‡g‡Q: kcvi Uª¨vK Gi Z_¨ g‡Z, evRv‡i †µZvi msL¨v K‡g‡Q| †÷v‡i hvIqvi †ÿ‡Î
gvby‡li g‡a¨ fxwZ KvR Ki‡Q| A¨vKvD›U Rvqv›U BIqvB Gi WvUv Abyhvqx, 67 kZvsk †µZv GLb
†Kv‡bv wKQz †Kbvi Rb¨ 5 wK‡jvwgUv‡ii †ewk `~‡i †h‡Z Pvb bv| Z‡e AbjvB‡b †KbvKvUv †e‡o‡Q|
2020 mv‡j ˆewk¦K ivR¯^ 3.9 wUªwjqb AbjvBb wi‡Uj †_‡K G‡m‡Q|

7. dvg©vwmDwUK¨vjm K¤úvwbi cÖe„w×: we‡k¦i mKj miKvi ¯^v¯’¨ Lv‡Z e¨vq evwo‡q‡Q| d‡j dvg©vwmDwUK¨vjm
K¤úvwb¸‡jvi cÖe„w× e¨vcKfv‡e e„w× †c‡q‡Q| dvBRvi Qvov Ab¨vb¨ f¨vKwmb Drcv`bKvix K¤úvwb¸‡jvi
Avq D‡jøL‡hvM¨ nv‡i †e‡o‡Q| wewfbœ K¤úvwb f¨vKwmb ˆZwi bv Ki‡jI wWw÷ªweDk‡b hy³ n‡qI cÖe„w×
Ki‡Q|

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 S M Atiq
Senior Teacher of International Affairs
Contact: 01756328147

8. bvixi cÖwZ mwnsmZv: BDGbGdwcGi Z_¨ g‡Z, wek¦Ry‡o cvwievwiK mwnsmZv e„w× †c‡q‡Q 20 kZvsk|
`wÿY Avwd«Kv‡Z jKWvD‡bi cÖ_g mßv‡n 90 nvRv‡ii †ewk mwnsmZvi gvgjv n‡q‡Q (cÖ_g Av‡jv, 7 †g
2020)| A‡±vei 2019 †_‡K A‡±vei 2020 ch©šÍ bvix‡`i weiæ‡× UzB‡Ui nvi †e‡o‡Q 93 kZvsk|
9. Gwkqvi A_©bxwZ‡Z cÖfve: GwWwe 2020 mv‡j AvksKv K‡iwQj, Gwkqvi †`k¸‡jv 22 wewjqb Wjvi
†jvKmv‡bi m¤§yLxb n‡Z cv‡i| Zviv GUvI e‡j‡Q, c„w_exi †gvU wRwWwci 0.1 kZvsk †_‡K 0.4 kZvsk
ÿwZi Avk¼v i‡q‡Q|

evsjv‡`‡ki Ici K‡ivbvi cÖfve

evsjv‡`‡ki mgvR I A_©bxwZ‡Z †KvwfW-19 Gi gvivZ¥K cÖfve c‡o‡Q| 2020 A_©eQ‡i evsjv‡`‡ki wRwWwci
cÖe„w× wQ‡jv 5.2 kZvsk, hv miKvwi jÿ¨gvÎv 8.2 kZvs‡ki Zzjbvq †ek Kg (†WBwj ÷vi, 8 GwcÖj 2021)|
†KvwfW-19 AwZgvwi‡Z bvixiv mvgvwRK A_©‰bwZK me w`K w`‡qB Amyweavi RvqMvq i‡q‡Qb| miKvwi cÖ‡Yv`bv
c¨v‡K‡RI bvix D‡`¨v³iv AšÍf©y³ n‡Z cvi‡Q bv bvbvb RwUjZvi Kvi‡Y| wb‡P me¸‡jv cÖfve Av‡jvPbv Kiv
n‡jv|

1. A_©‰bwZK cÖfve: BD‡ivwcqvb wdb¨vbwmqvj mvwf©m MÖæ‡ci Z_¨ Abyhvqx, 2019 mv‡j wRwWwci cÖe„w×
wQ‡jv 8.2 kZvsk| 2021 mv‡j 4.4 kZvs‡ki †ewk n‡e bv| 2022 mv‡j Zv _vK‡e 8 kZvs‡ki wb‡P
(Nordea Trade 2021)| Gwkq Dbœqb e¨vs‡Ki Z_¨ Abyhvqx: evsjv‡`k wRwWwc †_‡K 3 wewjqb Wjvi
nviv‡e Ges K‡ivbvi Kvi‡Y cÖvq 9 wewjqb gvbyl PvKwi nviv‡e (GwWwe-2020)|

2. †cvkvK wk‡í cÖfve: ißvwb Lv‡Zi 80 kZvskB evsjv‡`‡ki ˆZwi †cvkvK wkí (AviGgwR) †_‡K Av‡m|
evsjv‡`‡ki †cvkvK LvZ cÖwZ eQi 32 wewjqb Wjvi g~‡j¨i †cvkvK ißvwb K‡i _vK| we‡k¦i kxl©
†cvkvK ißvwbKviK †`k wn‡m‡e wP‡bi c‡iB evsjv‡`‡ki ¯’vb| cÖvq †`‡k 4 nvRvi KviLvbv Av‡Q
†hLv‡b 4 wgwjqb gvbyl KvR K‡i (wewewm 2020)|

2020 mv‡ji GwcÖ‡ji cÖ_gv‡a© 89 kZvsk ißvwb n«vm cvq| 2.3 wewjqb Wjvi AW©vi evwZj nq|
hy³iv‡R¨i eo K¤úvwb¸‡jv 2.5 wewjqb Wjv‡ii †cvkv‡Ki AW©vi evwZj K‡i‡Q
(retailgazette.co.uk)|

3. †iwg‡U‡Ýi Ici cÖfve: †iwgU¨v݇K evsjv‡`‡ki MÖvgxY cwiev‡ii jvBd jvBb ejv nq| ‰e‡`wkK gy`vª
Av‡qi cÖvq 40 kZvsk †iwg‡UÝ| †`‡ki wRwWwc‡Z Gi Ae`vb 8.8 kZvsk (Gm. iwk`,
reaserchgate.net)| wKš‘ evsjv‡`k e¨vs‡Ki †`qv 2019 I 2020 mv‡ji gv‡P©i †iwgU¨vÝ cÖevn Zzjbv
K‡i GKwU ¯úó wb¤œMvgx cÖfve †`Lv †M‡Q| wewfbœ †`‡k cÖvq 11.38 kZvsk Kg© x PvKwi nvwi‡q‡Qb (Gm.
iwk`, reaserchgate.net)| 2021 mv‡ji †deªæqvwi‡Z 1.78 wewjqb Wjv‡ii †iwgU¨vÝ †`‡k G‡mwQ‡jv
hv c~e©eZ©x gv‡mi Zzjbvq 9.2 kZvsk Kg (XvKv wUªweDb 2021)|
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 S M Atiq
Senior Teacher of International Affairs
Contact: 01756328147

4. †eKviZ¡: 2020 mv‡j kÖg evRv‡i cyiæ‡li AskMÖnY wQ‡jv 84 kZvsk| bvixi gvÎ 36 kZvsk|
K‡ivbvKv‡j bvixi AskMÖnY Av‡iv K‡g †M‡Q| BDGb DB‡gb I weªwUk †gwW‡Kj Rvb©v‡ji mgxÿvi
djvdj Abyhvqx, K‡ivbvq cyiæl‡`i Kv‡Ri my‡hvM K‡g‡Q 14 kZvsk| †mLv‡b bvix‡`i my‡hvM K‡g‡Q 81
kZvsk| GgbwK 24 kZvsk bvix PvKwi nvwi‡q‡Qb| Kg©ms¯’vb K‡g hvIqvq 26 kZvsk cyiæl SzuwK‡Z|
†hLv‡b bvix 37 kZvsk SzuwK‡Z (GBPBD Avn‡g`, `¨ wdb¨vbwmqvj G·‡cÖm, 07 GwcÖj 2021)|

5. wkïi we`¨vjq †_‡K S‡i cov I evj¨weevn : 2020 mv‡ji gvP© †_‡K 2021 mv‡ji †m‡Þ¤^i ch©šÍ wkÿv
cÖwZôvb eÜ _vKvq †e‡o‡Q S‡i covi nvi Ges evj¨we‡qi nvi| gva¨wgK I D”P wkÿv Awa``߇ii
Z`viK I g~j¨vqb kvLv e‡j‡Q, 60 kZvs‡ki g‡Zv wkÿv_©xi Dcw¯’Z _vK‡Q| A‡b‡Ki we‡q n‡q †M‡Q|
A‡b‡K Kv‡R †hvM w`‡q‡Q (cÖ_g Av‡jv 19 †m‡Þ¤^i 2021)|

6. bvix †bZ…Z¡vaxb cwiev‡ii Ici cÖfve: †emiKvwi Dbœqb msMVb eªª¨vK GKwU M‡elYvq †`wL‡q‡Q, †`‡k
Ki‡bvi Kvi‡Y cyiæl †bZ…Z¡vaxb cwievi¸‡jvi Avq K‡g‡Q 75 kZvsk| Ab¨w`‡K bvix †bZ…Z¡vaxb
cwievi¸‡jvi Avq K‡g‡Q 80 kZvsk| bvix †bZ…Z¡vaxb cwiev‡ii Avq n«vm †c‡q‡Q Ggb nvi 57 kZvsk
†hLv‡b cyiæl †bZ…Z¡vaxb cwievi¸‡jvi †ÿ‡Î Zv 49 kZvsk| (eª¨vK AbjvBb: Economic Impact of
COVID 19 and way forward for Bangladesh)

7. bvixi cÖwZ mwnsmZv: gvby‡li Rb¨ dvD‡Ûkb 2020 mv‡ji †g gv‡m Ges Ryb gv‡m †Uwj‡dvb mgxÿv
Pvjvq K‡ivbvKvjxb mwnsmZvi cÖeYZv Lyu‡R †ei Ki‡Z| `yB gv‡mi wi‡cvU© Zzjbv Ki‡j †`Lv hvq Ry‡b
mwnsmZv †e‡o‡Q| GB ms¯’vi g‡Z, K‡ivbvKv‡j bvix I wkïi cÖwZ mwnsmZv †e‡o‡Q 31 kZvsk (ˆ`wbK
cÖ_g Av‡jv, 28 Ryb 2020)|

8. AvZ¥nZ¨vi cÖeYZv †e‡o‡Q: evsjv‡`k cwimsL¨vi ey¨‡ivi g‡Z, K‡ivbvi cÖ_g eQ‡i AvZ¥nZ¨v †e‡o‡Q
17.36 kZvsk| hw`I †emiKvwi wewfbœ msMVb ej‡Q, G nvi 40 †_‡K 45 kZvsk| weweGm Gi Z_¨
Abyhvqx, 2020 mv‡j 11 nvRi 259 Rb AvZ¥nZ¨v K‡i| 2019 mv‡j wQj 9 nvRvi 310 Rb (ˆ`wbK
B‡ËdvK, 10 †m‡Þ¤^i 2021)|

miKvi hv K‡i‡Q

1. ev‡R‡U eivÏ e„w×: MZ A_©eQ‡i ¯^v¯’¨ Lv‡Z eiv× wQ‡jv 29 nvRvi 245 †KvwU UvKv| PjwZ A_©eQ‡i
eivÏ 32 nvRvi 731 †KvwU UvKv| 3 nvRvi †KvwU UvKv eivÏ †e‡o‡Q K‡ivbvi Kvi‡Y|
2. cÖ‡Yv`bv c¨v‡KR: 2020 mv‡j miKvi 1 jvL 24 nvRvi 53 †KvwU UvKvi 27wU cÖ‡Yv`bv c¨v‡KR †NvlYv
K‡iwQ‡jv| 2021 mv‡ji RyjvB‡q miKvi 3200 †KvwU UvKvi bZzb 5wU cÖ‡Yv`bv c¨v‡KR †NvlYv K‡i|
G¸‡jv n‡jv-
(m~Î: RyjvB 13, 2021 \ XvKv wUªweDb)

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 S M Atiq
Senior Teacher of International Affairs
Contact: 01756328147

3. wUKv Avbvi †ÿ‡Î mdjZv: 2022 mv‡ji cÖ_gv‡a©i g‡a¨B miKvi 80 fvM gvbyl‡K wUKvi AvIZvq wb‡q
Avm‡e| 7 †deªæhvwi 2021 MYwUKv `vb ïiæi w`‡K wKQzUv msK‡U miKvi _vK‡jI ax‡i ax‡i †mB msKU
KvwU‡q I‡V| Ryb-RyjvB †_‡K cÖwZ gv‡mB Avm‡Z _v‡K wUKv| Gi g‡a¨ m¤úªmvwiZ wUKv`vbI AbywôZ
n‡q‡Q| hv we‡k¦ †iKW©I e‡U|
4. wPwKrmK wb‡qvM: miKvi we‡kl wewmGm Av‡qvRb K‡i wPwKrmK wb‡qvM evwo‡q‡Q|
5. nvmcvZvj wbg©vY:
6. K~U‰bwZK ZrciZv Ae¨vnZ: evwYR¨ e„w×i j‡ÿ¨ K~U‰bwZK ZrciZv Ae¨nZ †i‡L‡Q evsjv‡`k|
DR‡ewK¯Ívbmn †ek K‡qKwU †`‡ki mv‡_ evsjv‡`k evwYR¨ msµvšÍ bZzb m¤úK© Mo‡Z hv‡”Q| G‡Z Ki‡
Avg`vwb-ißvwb evo‡e|

Dcmsnvi: RvwZms‡Ni gvbe Dbœqb m~P‡K 2019 mv‡j evsjv‡`k wQ‡jv 135 b¤^i ¯’v‡b| gvÎ GK eQ‡ii e¨veav‡b
`yB avc DbœwZ K‡i 133 Zg ¯’vb jvf K‡i| 2020 mv‡ji †RÛvi M¨vc wi‡cv‡U© evsjv‡`‡ki Ae¯’vb wQ‡jv 50|
`wÿY Gwkqvi †`k¸‡jvi g‡a¨ †Kej evsjv‡`kB 100 Gi g‡a¨ ¯’vb K‡i| wKš‘ 2021 mv‡j †RÛvi M¨vc wi‡cv‡U©
evsjv‡`‡k †b‡g †M‡Q 65 b¤^‡i| myZivs Avk¼v Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i †KvwfW-19 evsjv‡`‡ki A‡bK AR©b‡KB ¤øvb
K‡i w`‡e| 2021 mvj evsjv‡`‡ki Rb¨ n‡e GKwU we‡kl eQi| ¯^vaxbZvi 50 eQi cvjb KiwQ| mvg‡bi
w`b¸‡jv‡Z evsjv‡`‡ki Rb¨ eo P¨v‡jÄ n‡jv- A_©bxwZ‡K PvOv K‡i gvby‡l Av‡qi c_‡K myMg Kiv Ges GKwU

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 S M Atiq
Senior Teacher of International Affairs
Contact: 01756328147

w¯’wZkxj RxebhvÎvi gvb wbwðZ Kiv| Z‡e miKvi †hfv‡e wewfbœ D‡`¨vM MÖnY Ki‡Q Zv‡Z †KvwfW-19 P¨v‡jÄ
†gvKvwejv Kiv Aek¨B m¤¢e n‡e|

wbivcËv cwil` (Security Council)

BDbvB‡UW †bkb‡mi Qq cÖavb A‡½i g‡a¨ me‡P kw³kvjx I ¸iæZ¡c~Y© A½ n‡jv wbivcËv cwil`| †hB
cwil‡`i cÖavb KvRwUB wba©viY Kiv n‡q‡Q wek¦ kvwšÍ I wbivcËv wbwðZ Kiv| GB cwil‡`i Kv‡Ri
IciB BDbvB‡UW †bkb‡mi mdjZv I e¨_©Zvi A‡bKLvwb wbf©i K‡i| wbivcËv cwil‡`i mfvcwZi c`
i‡q‡Q hv cÖwZ gv‡m cwiewZ©Z nq| mb‡`i 5 b¤^i Aa¨vqwU wbivcËv cwil` m¤úwK©Z| 23 †_‡K 32
ch©šÍ Aby‡”Q‡` GB cwil‡`i MVb, KvR, wm×všÍ MÖnY cÖwµqv wewfbœ welq wjwLZ Av‡Q|

MVb (Composition of UNSC)

Aby‡”Q` 23
1. 15 m`m¨ wb‡q MwVZ| hvi ¯’vqx m`m¨ cvuPwU †`k| A¯’vqx m`m¨ 10wU †`k| A¯’vqx m`m¨¸‡jv
mvaviY cwil‡` wbe©vwPZ n‡e|
¯’vqx m`m¨ †`k¸‡jv n‡jv
 Av‡gwiKv hy³ivóª (United States of America)
 hy³ivR¨ (United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland)
 d«vÝ cÖRvZš¿ (French Republic)
 wPb ev eZ©gv‡bi ZvBIqvb (Republic of China), Z‡e 1971 mvj †_‡K MYwPb (People’s
Republic of China)
 †mvwf‡qZ BDwbqb (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics), Z‡e 1991 mvj †_‡K
ivwkqv †dWv‡ikb (Russia Federation) [1991 mv‡j †mvwf‡qZ BDwbqb †f‡O wM‡q 15wU
†`k Avjv`v n‡q hvq| †`k¸‡jvi g‡a¨ 12wU †`k wg‡j MVb K‡i Commonwealth of
Independent States (CIS). GB msMV‡bi †`k¸‡jv wm×všÍ MÖnY K‡i †mvwf‡qZ BDwbq‡bi
¯’vqx m`m¨c‡`i RvqMvq em‡e ivwkqv]|

2. A¯’vqx m`m¨¸‡jv 2 eQ‡ii Rb¨ wbe©vwPZ n‡e| cÖwZ eQi 5wU †`k hy³ n‡e 5wU ev` co‡e| m`¨
ev`cov m`m¨ †`k ev` covi eQiB cybivq wbe©vwPZ n‡Z cvi‡e bv| Z‡e c‡i eQi †_‡K wbe©vwPZ
n‡Z cvi‡e|
3. wbivcËv cwil‡`i GK m`m¨ iv‡óªi GKRb cÖwZwbwa _vK‡e|

KvR I ÿgZv (Functions and Powers)

wbw`©ó K‡i Aby‡”Q` cÂg Aa¨v‡qi 24, 29, 30 bs Aby‡”Q` Ges Aa¨vq lô, mßg, Aóg, Øv`‡ki wewfbœ
Aby‡”Q‡` wbivcËv cwil‡`i Kvh©vewj ejv Av‡Q| GB cwil` wb¤œwjwLZ KvR¸‡jv K‡i _v‡K|
 wek¦ kvwšÍ k„•Ljv I wbivcËv wbwðZ Kiv (24.1 Aby‡”Q`)|
 mvaviY mfvq evrmwiK cÖwZ‡e`b I Ab¨vb¨ cÖwZ‡e`b Dc¯’vcb Kiv (24.3 Aby‡”Q`)|
 cÖ‡qvR‡b mn‡hvMx ms¯’v MVb Kiv (29 bs Aby‡”Q`)|

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 S M Atiq
Senior Teacher of International Affairs
Contact: 01756328147

 cÖ‡qvR‡bi wb‡R‡`i Rb¨ wewa cÖYqb Kiv (30 bs Aby‡”Q`)|

 cÖ‡qvR‡b †Kv‡bv †`‡ki mv‡_ K~U‰bwZK m¤úK© wQbœ Kiv I †hvMv‡hvM wew”Qbœ Kiv ev wb‡lavÁv
(Sanction) Av‡ivc Kiv (41 I 42 bs Aby‡”Q`)|
 AwQ cwil` cwiPvjbv Kiv (Aa¨vq 86)|

wm×všÍ MÖnY cÖwµqv (Voting System of UNSC)

Aby‡”Q` 27
1. wbivcËv cwil‡`i cÖ‡Z¨K m`‡m¨i GKwU K‡i †fvU| 15 m`m¨ 15 †fvU|
2. c×wZMZ wm×všÍ cv‡ki †ÿ‡Î 15wUi g‡a¨ Kgc‡ÿ 9wU n¨vu‡evaK †fvU cÖ‡qvRb|
3. Ab¨vb¨ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© wel‡q 9wU nu¨v‡evaK †fvU Kgc‡ÿ cÖ‡qvRb| Z‡e ¯’vqx cvuP m`‡m¨
cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki HK¨g‡Zi †fvU (Concurring Vote) cÖ‡qvRb| Z‡e 6 b¤^i Aby‡”Q` 52
Gi 3 Dcaviv †gvZv‡eK †Kv‡bv †`k hw` D³ Bmy¨i cÿ n‡q hvq Zvn‡j Zv‡K †fvU
`v‡b weiZ _vK‡Z n‡e|
 †f‡Uv (Veto): †f‡Uv e‡j †Kv‡bv kã BDbvB‡UW †bkbm mb‡` †bB| hv ejv Av‡Q 27 bs
Aby‡”Q‡`i 3 Dc Aby‡”Q‡` ejv Av‡Q wbivcËv cwil‡`i ¯’vqx m`m¨ (P5s) †`k¸‡jvi
Concurring Vote cÖ‡qvRb| Concurring Vote Øviv eySv‡bv nq e„nr kw³¸‡jvi HK¨gZ|
A_©vr †Kv‡bv GKwU †`k hw` ¸iæZ¡c~Y© †Kv‡bv wm×v‡šÍi we‡ivaxZv K‡i Z_v wec‡ÿ †fvU †`q
Zvn‡j Zv cvk n‡e bv| Z‡e hw` †Kv‡bv ¯’vqx m`m¨ †`k Abycw¯’Z _v‡K Zvn‡j Zvi wØgZ †bB
e‡jB a‡i †bqv nq A_©vr evwKiv n¨vu‡evaK †fvU w`‡j IB wm×všÍ cvk n‡e| 27 bs Aby‡”Q‡`i 3
Dc Aby‡”Q‡` ¯’vqx m`m¨¸‡jv‡K †h GK”QÎ, wbi¼zk ÿgZv †`qv n‡q‡Q Zv †f‡Uv bv‡g cwiwPZ|
†f‡Uv GKwU jvwZb kã| hvi A_© Avwg gvwb bv| cÖ_g †f‡Uv cÖ‡qvM K‡i †mvwf‡qZ BDwbqb|
1946 mv‡ji 16 †deªæqvwi Zviv †jevbb I wmwiqv †_‡K ˆmb¨ cÖZ¨vnv‡ii wel‡q †f‡Uv †`q|
Av‡gwiKv cÖ_g †f‡Uv cÖ`vb K‡i 1970 mv‡ji 17 gvP© †hw`b †mvwf‡qZ BDwbq‡bi 107wU
†f‡Uv †`qv n‡q †M‡Q| 1970 Gi ci †_‡K me‡P †ewk †f‡Uv w`‡q‡Q Av‡gwiKv|
cÖ_g wf‡Uv †`q †mvwf‡qZ BDwbqb| †jevbb I wmwiqv †_‡K we‡`wk ˆmb¨ cÖZ¨vnvi msµvšÍ
GKwU †iR¨y‡jk‡bi wec‡ÿ Zviv wf‡Uv †`q|
†`‡ki bvg †f‡Uvi msL¨v
†mvwf‡qZ 143
BDwbqb/ivwkqv (‡f‡Uv‡Z P¨vw¤úqb)
hy³ivóª 83
hy³ivR¨ 32
d«vÝ 18
ZvBIqvb+wPb 3+13= 16
(securitycouncilreport.org/the-veto, till 7 March 2020) and
un.org/securitycouncil/content/voting-system)

A¯’vqx m`m¨ (Non-permanent member of UNSC)

Av‡MB ejv n‡q‡Q wbivcËv cwil‡`i eZ©gvb A¯’vqx m`m¨ 10wU †`k| Kvh©cÖYvwj wewai (Rules of
Procedures) 142 b¤^i wewa Abyhvqx cÖwZeQi 5 wU †`k‡K wbivcËv cwil‡`i A¯’vqx m`m¨ wbe©vPb K‡i mvaviY

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Contact: 01756328147

cwil` `yB Z…Zxqvsk †fv‡U| m`m¨ †`k¸‡jvi †gqv` `yB eQi| 1963 mv‡j mvaviY mfvi 18Zg Awa‡ek‡b
wm×všÍ nq (resolution 1991 A (XVIII)) wb¤œwjwLZfv‡e PviwU AÂj †_‡K A¯’vqx m`m¨ wbe©vwPZ n‡e|
AÂj msL¨v
Avwd«Kv I Gwkqv 5
c~e© BD‡ivc 1
jvwZb Av‡gwiKv 2
cwk¦g BD‡ivc I Ab¨vb¨ 2
Kvh©cÖYvwj wewai (Rules of Procedures) Gi 144 b¤^i wewa Abyhvqx, m`¨ we`vqx †Kv‡bv A¯’vqx m`m¨ IB
eQ‡ii wbe©vP‡b Ask wb‡Z cvi‡e bv|
(www.un.org/en/ga/62/plenary/election_sc/bkg.shtml)
2020-21 mv‡j wbe©vwPZ A¯’vqx m`m¨ †`k¸‡jv n‡jv-
2020 mv‡ji Rb¨ 2021 mv‡ji Rb¨
mvD` Avwd«Kv bvBRvi
Rvg©vwb wZDwbwkqv
†ejwRqvg G‡¯Ívwbqv
†Wv‡gwbK¨vb wicvewjK †m›Uwfb‡m›U
B‡›`v‡bwkqv wf‡qZbvg
(http://www.un.org/en/sc/members/)

wbivcËv cwil‡`i mn‡hvMx cÖwZôvb (Solidarity Organ of Security Council)

mb‡`i 29 b¤^i Aby‡”Q` Abyhvqx wbivcËv cwil` wewfbœ KwgwU MVb Kivi GLwZqvi iv‡L| eZ©gv‡b wb¤œwjwLZ
KwgwU¸‡jv KvR Ki‡Q|
KwgwU Z_¨
mš¿vmwe‡ivax KwgwU hy³iv‡óª 2001 mv‡ji 11 †m‡Þ¤^i Avµg‡Yi c‡i GwU
(Counter Terrorism Committee) IB eQiB cÖwZwôZ nq| wewfbœ †`k‡K mš¿vmwe‡ivax
KvwiMwi mnvqZv cÖ`vb K‡i|
we¯Ívi‡iva KwgwU cigvYy, RxevYy, ivmvqwbK A¯¿ †iva Kivi Rb¨ mb‡`i
(Non-Proliferation Committee) 7 bs Aa¨vq Abyhvqx 2004 mv‡ji 28 GwcÖj GB
KwgwU MVb Kiv nq|
mvgwiK evwnbx Military Staff Committee bv‡g GKwU KwgwU
i‡q‡Q hv mvgwiK c`‡ÿc Ges A¯¿fvÐvi cwiPvjbv
K‡i _v‡K|
wb‡lavÁv KwgwU (Sanction Committee) †Kv‡bv †`k AvšÍR©vwZK wbivßvi Rb¨ ûgwK n‡q _vK‡j
Zvi weiæ‡× wb‡lavÁv Av‡ivc K‡i wbivcËv cwil`| G
Rb¨ GKwU KwgwU i‡q‡Q| KwgwU g~jZ Pvi ai‡bi
wb‡lavÁv Av‡ivc K‡i-
K) A¯¿ wb‡lavÁv (Arms Embargo)
L) evwYR¨ wb‡lavÁv (Financial Restriction)
M) ågY wb‡lavÁv (Travel Bans)

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N) K~U‰bwZK wb‡lavÁv (Diplomatic Restriction)

¯’vqx KwgwU (Standing Committee) I
A¯’vqx KwgwU (Ad Hoc Committee)
kvwšÍiÿx Kvh©µg (Peacekeeping Operations)
ivR‰bwZK wgkb (Political Mission)
AvšÍR©vwZK Av`vjZ I UªvBey¨bvj
(International Courts and Tribunals)
kvwšÍ Kwgkb (Peacebuilding Commission)
c×wZMZ welq †hgb bZzb m`m¨ MÖnY wel‡q ¯’vqx
KwgwU KvR K‡i Ab¨w`‡K wbw`©ó wKQz wel‡q A¯’vqxfv‡e
MVb Kiv nq A¯’vqx KwgwU|
`yBwU wfbœ KwgwU i‡q‡Q kvwšÍ cÖwZôvi Rb¨| GB eB‡q
hvi we¯ÍvwiZ Av‡jvPbv Av‡Q Ab¨ Aa¨v‡q|
1. International Criminal Tribunal for
the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY):
1993 mv‡j MwVZ nq| 2011 mvj ch©šÍ wePvi
P‡j| 161 Rb‡K mvRv w`‡q‡Q GB Av`vjZ|
2. International Criminal Tribunal for
Rwanda (ICTR): 1994 mv‡j MVb K‡i|
1998 mv‡j cÖ_g ivq cÖ`vb K‡i| GwUB
†R‡bvmvB‡Wi Awf‡hv‡M cÖ_g ivq cÖ`vb|
G bv‡g GKwU Dc‡`óv KvVv‡gv i‡q‡Q| GwU Aek¨
†Kej wbivcËv cwil` bq mvaviY cwil` I wbivcËv
cwil` Df‡qi mgš^‡q MwVZ|

wbivcËv cwil‡`i ms¯‹vi (Reformation of UN Security Council)

2020 mv‡ji 16 b‡f¤^i mvaviY mfvi mfvcwZ Zzi‡¯‹i fjKvb eRwKi (Volkan Bozkir) 75Zg Awa‡ek‡bi
w`be¨vcx weZ‡K©i cÖ_g w`‡b e‡jb, GKvwesk kZ‡Ki ev¯ÍeZv n‡jv- we‡k¦i Riæwifv‡e cÖ‡qvRb ms¯‹vi nIqv I
K‡jei e„w× cvIqv wbivcËv cwil`| we‡kl K‡i, HwZnvwmKfv‡e ¯’vqx m`m¨c` †_‡K Avwd«Kv‡K ewÂZ Kivi
Aemvb nIqv DwPZ| wZwb AviI e‡jb, Security Council reform is an unavoidable, imperative,
both challenging and essential| ejKvb eRwKi K_v †_‡KB GwU cwi®‹vi †h, wbivcËv cwil` ms¯‹vi
KZUv Riæwi| GKB mv‡_ GwUI mZ¨ †h, KvRwU †Zgb AwZ Riæwi †Zgwb AwZ KwVbI e‡U|

†K‡bv ms¯‹vi cÖ‡qvRb

1. AvÂwjK ˆelg¨ `~i Kivi Rb¨: wbivcËv cwil‡`i 5wU ¯’vqx m`‡m¨i wZbwUB BD‡iv‡ci| Avwd«Kv gnv‡`k
†_‡K me‡P †ewk 54wU m`m¨ RvwZms‡Ni n‡jI wbivcËv cwil‡` GKwU ¯’vqx AvmbI †bB Zv‡`i| ¯’vqx
Avmb †bB `wÿY Av‡gwiKv I I‡kwbqviI| d‡j AvÂwjK ˆelg¨ i‡q‡Q ¯’vqx m`m¨ Kivi †ÿ‡Î| GwU
`~i Kivi Rb¨ ms¯‹vi cÖ‡qvRb|
2. cÖMwZi evav wf‡Uv cvIqvi: we‡k¦i Rb¨ Kj¨vYKi A‡bK wm×všÍB wbivcËv cwil‡` AvU‡K hvq wf‡Uvi
Kvi‡Y| GB wf‡Uv cvIqv‡ii Kvi‡YB evsjv‡`k 2 eQi ci RvwZms‡Ni m`m¨ n‡Z †c‡i‡Q| 2019
mv‡ji 31 RyjvB ch©šÍ RvwZms‡Ni 193 m`‡m¨i g‡a¨ 138wU †`k wdwjw¯Íb‡K ¯^xK…wZ w`‡q‡Q ¯^vaxb
†`‡ki| wKš‘ Z_vwc hviv c~Y© m`m¨c` cv‡”Q bv wf‡Uvi Kvi‡Y| d‡j GLv‡b ms¯‹vi Riæwi n‡q c‡o‡Q|
3. RbmsL¨v I AvqZ‡bi Abycv‡Z ¯’vqx m`m¨c` †`qv: Gwkqv‡Z 60 kZvsk gvbyl evm K‡i| Gwkqvi
AvqZb c„w_exi †gvU AvqZ‡bi mv‡o 29 fvM| A_P GLvb †_‡K gvÎ GKwU ¯’vqx m`m¨| A_P c„w_evi
11 kZvsk RbmsL¨v I 6.8 kZvsk AvqZ‡bi BD‡ivc †_‡K 3wU ¯’vqx m`m¨| AvqZ‡b BD‡iv‡ci wZb¸Y

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Contact: 01756328147

RbmsL¨v‡ZI †`o¸Y Avwd«Kv †_‡K †Kv‡bv ¯’vqx m`m¨ †bB| RbmsL¨v I AvqZ‡bi AbycvZ Abyhvqx ¯’vqx
m`‡m¨i mylg eȇbi ¯^v‡_© ms¯‹vi cÖ‡qvRb|
4. m`m¨ msL¨v e„w×i Abycv‡Z ¯’vqx m`m¨ e„w×: cÖwZôvKv‡j RvwZms‡Ni m`m¨ wQ‡jv 51| wbivcËv cwil‡`i
¯’vqx m`m¨ wQ‡jv 5 Ges A¯’vqx 6| eZ©gv‡b RvwZms‡Ni mvaviY m`m¨ 193| wbivcËv cwil‡`i A¯’vqx
m`m¨ msL¨vI †e‡o n‡q‡Q 10| wKš‘ ¯’vqx m`m¨ 5B i‡q †M‡Q| GwU ms¯‹vi nIqv Riæwi|
5. mvaviY mfvi mv‡_ ÿgZvi fvimvg¨ iÿv: mvaviY mfv wek¦ msm`| wKš‘ Gi ÿgZv A‡bKUvq Kg
wbivcËv cwil‡`i AwaK ÿgZvi Kvi‡Y| G‡ÿ‡Î fvimvg¨ cÖwZôv Ki‡Z n‡e|

ms¯‹v‡i cÖ¯Ívemg~n
1. Kwd Avbv‡bi D‡`¨vM: RvwZms‡Ni ZrKvjxb gnvmwPe Kwd Avbvb 2003 mv‡ji †m‡Þ¤^‡i mvaviY
mfv‡K Rvbvb †h, wZwb 16 m`‡m¨i GKwU c¨v‡bj MVb K‡i‡Qb RvwZms‡Ni Rb¨ ûgwK, evavmg~n Ges
cwieZ©b wel‡q M‡elYv cÖwZ‡e`b †`qvi Rb¨| KwgwUi Awdwkqvj bvg- High Level Panel on
Threats, Challenges and Change| KwgwUi cÖavb wQ‡jb _vBj¨v‡Ûi mv‡eK cÖavbgš¿x Avb›`
(Anand Panyarachum)| GB c¨v‡bj fwel¨‡Zi kvwšÍ I wbivcËvi †ÿ‡Î cÖavb P¨v‡jÄmg~n we‡kølY
Ges ‰ewk¦K ûgwKi Ici Mfxi AbymÜvb (in-depth study) Pvjvq| 2004 mv‡ji 2 wW‡m¤^‡i GB
c¨vb‡j Zv‡`i cÖwZ‡e`b Zz‡j a‡i| cÖwZ‡e`‡b GB c¨v‡bj RvwZms‡N cÖ‡qvRbxq ms¯‹vi Avbvi cÖ¯Íve
†`q hvi g‡a¨ wbivcËv cwil‡`i ms¯‹v‡ii cÖ¯ÍewUI wQ‡jv| Zviv wbivcËv cwil‡`i ms¯‹v‡ii Rb¨ `yBwU
g‡Wj Dc¯’vcb K‡ib (g‡Wj G I g‡Wj we)|
g‡Wj G-‡Z Av‡iv ¯’vqx 6wU m`m¨ Ges A¯’vqx Abevqb‡hvM¨ †gvU 13wU m`m¨ A_©vr †gvU 24 m`‡m¨i
wbivcËv cwil` MV‡bi cÖ¯Íve Kiv n‡q‡Q| g‡Wj we-‡ZI †gvU m`m¨ 24 Kivi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q| wKš‘
GLv‡b 4 eQi †gqvw` cÖ‡Z¨K AÂj †_‡K bevqb‡hvM¨ 8wU m`m¨ Ges A¯’vqx bevqb‡hvM¨ bq †gvU 11wU
m`m¨ Avi c~‡e©i 5wU ¯’vqx m`m¨ ivLvi cÖ¯Íve Kiv n‡q‡Q|

2. wR-4 Gi cÖ¯Íve: 2005 mv‡j wR-4 (eªvwRj, Rvg©vwb, fviZ, Rvcvb) GKwU cÖ¯Íve †`q| cÖ¯Ív‡e Zviv bZzb
QqwU ¯’vqx m`m¨mn †gvU m`m¨ 25wU Kivi K_v e‡j| Zviv e‡j †h, 15 eQi ci 6wU bZzb ¯’vqx m`m¨
wf‡Uv cvIqvi cv‡e|
3. Avwd«Kvb BDwbq‡bi cÖ¯Íve: Zviv †gvU m`m¨ Kivi K_v e‡j‡Q 26| †hLv‡b QqwU bZzb ¯’vqx m`m¨ wb‡Z
e‡j‡Q|
4. BDGdwmi cÖ¯Íve: BDbvBwUs di Kb‡mbmvm 13wU †`‡ki GKwU †Mvôx| BDGdwmi †bZ…‡Z¡ i‡q‡Q-
BZvwj, Av‡R©w›Ubv, cvwK¯Ívb, †gw·‡Kv| 10wU bZzb A¯’vqx m`‡m¨i K_v e‡j‡Q| cÖ‡qvR‡b †mwg cvg©v‡b›U
†g¤^v‡ii K_v e‡j‡Q Zviv|

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bZzb ¯’vqx m`m¨ †bqvi †ÿ‡Î hv we‡ePbvq wb‡Z n‡e

1. †Kvb gnv‡`‡k Ae¯’vb
2. Pvu`vi cwigvY
3. AvÂwjK †ÿ‡Î f~wgKv
4. MYZvwš¿K wK bv?

m¤¢ve¨ ¯’vqx m`m¨

Gwkqv †_‡K 1. Rvcvb
2. fviZ
BD‡ivc †_‡K 1. Rvg©vwb
jvwZb Av‡gwiKv †_‡K 1. eªvwRj
Avwd«Kv †_‡K 1. `wÿY Avwd«Kv
2. bvB‡Rwiqv
I‡kwbqv 1. A‡÷ªwjqv

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RvwZmsN kvwšÍiÿv
UN Peacekeeping

mwnsmZvi KwVb c_ †_‡K kvwšÍ‡Z Avm‡Z RvwZmsN kvwšÍiÿv wewfbœ †`k‡K mn‡hvwMZv K‡i| kvwšÍiÿv
†`k¸‡jv‡K mnvqZv K‡i `xN©¯’vqx kvwšÍ AR©‡b, nvRv‡iv †emvgwiK gvby‡li Rxeb iÿv‡_© Ges hy×weiwZi wbðqZv
ˆZwi Ki‡Z| wbivcËv cwil` I mvaviY mfvi †eu‡a †`qv Av‡`kcÎ (mandate) Abyhvqx RvwZmsN kvwšÍiÿv KvR
K‡i| RvwZmsN kvwšÍiÿv Acv‡ik‡bi g~jbxwZ I MvBWjvBb cÖ¯‘Z Kiv nq 2008 mv‡j| hv‡K ms‡ÿ‡c
K¨vc‡÷vb WKwUªb ejv nq| GB WKwUªb AbyhvqxB cwiPvwjZ nq wgkb|

AvBwb wfwË (Legal Basis): RvwZms‡Ni mb` m‡e©v”P AvšÍR©vwZK AvBb| GB mb` wbivcËv cwil`‡K
cÖv_wgKfv‡e `vwqZ¡ w`‡q‡Q kvwšÍiÿvi| RvwZmsN kvwšÍiÿv Acv‡ikbmn wewfbœ c`‡ÿc †bqvi AwaKvi mb`
wbivcËv cwil`‡K w`‡q‡Q| we‡kl K‡i mb‡`i lô, mßg I Aóg Aa¨v‡q ewY©Z wewa AbyhvqxB kvwšÍiÿv Acv‡ikb
MwVZ nq|

GQvov RvwZmsN kvwšÍiÿv Acv‡ik‡bi g~jbxwZ I MvBWjvBb cÖ¯‘Z Kiv nq 2008 mv‡j| hv‡K ms‡ÿ‡c
K¨vc‡÷vb WKwUªb ejv nq| GB WKwUªb AbyhvqxB cwiPvwjZ nq wgkb|

 Acv‡ikb cwiPvjbvi g~jbxwZ (Basic Principles to set UN Peacekeeping Operations)

Acv‡ikb cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ wZbwU g~jbxwZ i‡q‡Q| G¸‡jv G‡K Ac‡ii mv‡_ m¤ú„³ (inter-related) I
cvi¯úvwiK mn‡hvwMZvi gva¨‡g ejer‡hvM¨ (mutually reinforcing)|

1. cÿmg~‡ni m¤§wZ (consent of parties): †Kv‡bv mwnsmZvi hviv cÿ Zv‡`i m¤§wZ wb‡qB evwnwb
MwVZ nq I †gvZv‡qb Kiv nq|
2. cÿcvZnxbZv (impartiality): mwnsmZvq hZ¸‡jv cÿ RwoZ _vK‡e Zv‡`i mv‡_ Kg© m¤úv`‡bi
mgq kvwšÍiÿxiv cÿcvZ (partiality) cÖ`k©b Ki‡e bv wKš‘ Awc©Z `vwqZ¡ cvj‡b wbi‡cÿI (neutral)
n‡e bv|
3. AvZ¥iÿv Qvov ej cÖ‡qvM bv Kiv (non-use of force except in self-defence): wbivcËv
cwil‡`i †eu‡a †`qv `vwqZ¡ Abyhvqx †KŠkjMZ ch©v‡q ejcÖ‡qvM Ki‡e (force at the tactical level)
wKš‘ †Kv‡bvfv‡eB kvwšÍiÿv Acv‡ikb ejcÖ‡qv‡Mi †Kvb hš¿ bq (enforcement tool)|

 bZzb Acv‡ikb MVb (Forming a New Operation)

wbivcËv cwil` g~jZ bZzb RvwZmsN kvwšÍ Acv‡ikb †gvZv‡qb wel‡q wm×všÍ MÖnY K‡i| K‡qKwU av‡ci ga¨
w`‡q Acv‡ikb MVb cÖwµqvwU m¤úbœ nq|

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Initial Consultation
Technical Field Assesment
UNSCR
Appointment of Senior Officials
Deployment Planning
Deployment
Report to SC

1. cÖv_wgK civgk©mfv (Initial Consultation): hw` †Kv_vI mwnsmZv Lviv‡ci w`‡K hvq ZLb
RvwZmsN AmsL¨ civgk© mfvi Av‡qvRb K‡i|
2. gvVch©v‡qi KvwiMwi g~j¨vqb (Technical Field Assessment): mwPevj‡qi cÿ †_‡K NUbv¯’‡j
KvwiMwi g~j¨vqb wgkb cvVv‡bv nq| GB wgkb †mLvbKvi mvwe©K wbivcËv cwiw¯’wZ, ivR‰bwZK, mvgwiK,
gvbweK I gvbevwaKvi cwiw¯’wZ ch©v‡jvPbv K‡i cÖwZ‡e`b †`q| †h cÖwZ‡e`b gnvmwPe wbivcËv cwil‡`
cvwV‡q †`q|
3. wbivcËv cwil‡` †iRy¨‡jkb (Security Council Resolution): GRb¨ wf‡Uvwewnb Kgc‡ÿ 9wU
†fvU cÖ‡qvRb| †iRy¨‡jk‡b Acv‡ik‡bi `vwqZ¡ I AvKvi Ges we¯ÍvwiZ Kg©cÖwµqv D‡jøL _v‡K| ev‡RU
Ges Ab¨vb¨ miÄvgvw` mvaviY mfvi Aby‡gv`‡bi Ici wbf©i K‡i|
4. DaŸ©Zb Kg©KZ©v wb‡qvM (Appointment of Senior Officials): kvwšÍiÿv Acv‡ikb cwiPvjbvi
Rb¨ mvaviYZ gnvmwPe GKRb wgkb cÖavb wb‡qvM Ki‡eb| hvi `vwqZ¡ wgkb cwiPvjbv Kiv Ges Dc-
gnvmwP‡ei (under-secretary general) Kv‡Q cÖwZ‡e`b Rgv †`qv| gnvmwPe Acv‡ik‡bi †dvm©
KgvÛvi, cywjk Kwgkbvi Ges †R¨ô †emvgwiK Kg©KZ©v‡`i wb‡qvM w`‡eb| 1992 mv‡j cÖwZwôZ
gnvmwP‡ei Aaxb kvwšÍ iÿv Acv‡ikb wefvM (Department of Peacekeeping Operations) Ges
Acv‡ikb mnvqZv wefvM (Department of Operational Support) kvwšÍiÿvi †emvgwiK m`m¨‡`i
wb‡qvM w`‡e|
5. cwiKíbv (Planning): B‡Zvg‡a¨ wgkb cÖavb, wWwcI, wWIGm kvwšÍ Acv‡ik‡bi ivR‰bwZK, mvgwiK
mKj w`K wel‡q cwiKíbv Ki‡e| GB av‡cB wgk‡bi m`i`ßi †Kv_vq n‡e Zv wba©viY Kiv n‡e|
RvwZms‡Ni Ab¨vb¨ A½msMVb‡K m¤ú„³ Kiv n‡e|
6. †gvZv‡qb (Deployment): †gvZv‡qb KZ `ªæZ NU‡e †mwU g~jZ wbf©i K‡i IB GjvKvi wbivcËv I
ivR‰bwZK Ae¯’vi Ici| cÖ_‡g GKwU AMÖMvgx `j‡K cvVv‡bv nq m`i`ßi ¯’vcb Kivi Rb¨| Zvici
ch©vqµ‡g ˆmb¨ †gvZv‡qb Kiv nq|
7. wbivcËv cwil‡` cÖwZ‡e`b cÖ`vb (reporting to SC): gnvmwPe cÖwZwbqZ wgkb Zvi `vwqZ¡ KZLvwb
ev¯Íevqb Ki‡Q †mB wel‡q wbivcËv cwil`‡K cÖwZ‡e`b w`‡e| GwU Pjgvb _vK‡e wgkb m¤úbœ A_ev eÜ
bv nIqv ch©šÍ|

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 kvwšÍiÿx Kviv mieivn K‡i (Who provides peacekeepers)?

RvwZms‡Ni wbR¯^ †Kv‡bv cÖ¯‘Z †mbvevwnwb ev cywjkevwnwb †bB| cÖ‡Z¨K Acv‡ik‡bi Rb¨ m`m¨ †`k¸‡jvi Kv‡Q
mvgwiK I cywjk m`m¨ PvIqv nq| m`m¨ †`k¸‡jv †¯^”Qvq cvVvq| kvwšÍiÿxiv wbR †`‡ki †cvkvK c‡i _v‡K|
Z‡e RvwZms‡Ni kvwšÍiÿx wn‡m‡e Zviv †Kej bxj †nj‡gU, A_ev †e‡iU A_ev e¨vR cwiavb K‡i| †emvgwiK
Kg©xiv AvšÍR©vwZK wmwfj mv‡f©›U wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ n‡eb hviv RvwZms‡Ni gnvmwPe KZ©„K wiµz‡UW n‡eb|

 BwZnvm (History of UN Peacekeeping)

 1948 mv‡j cÖ_g kvwšÍiÿx MVb Kiv nq| cÖ_g Acv‡ik‡bi bvg wQ‡jv- United Nations Truce
Supervision Organisation (UNTSO)| cÖ_g Avie-Bmiv‡qj hy‡×i cwi‡cÖwÿ‡Z ga¨cÖv‡P¨ kvwšÍ
cÖwZôvi Rb¨ GB Acv‡ikb MVb Kiv n‡qwQ‡jv| GKB eQi MVb Kiv nq- UN Military Observer
Group in India and Pakistan (UNMOGIP)| GwU MVb Kiv n‡qwQ‡jv Kvwk¥i‡K †K›`ª K‡i
cÖ_g cvK-fviZ hy‡×i cwi‡cÖwÿ‡Z| g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e- cÖ_g MwVZ GB `yBwU wgkb wQ‡jv wbi¯¿
(unarmed)|
 cÖ_g mk¯¿ kvwšÍiÿx Acv‡ikb MwVZ n‡qwQ‡jv my‡qR msK‡Ui cwi‡cÖwÿ‡Z 1956 mv‡j| hvi bvg wQ‡jv
UN Emergency Force (UNEF)|
 cÖ_g eo AvKv‡i Kvh©µg ïiæ nq 1960 mv‡j UN Operation in the Congo (ONUC) Gi ga¨
w`‡q| †h Acv‡ik‡b 20 nvRvi ‰mb¨ wQ‡jv|
1988 mv‡j kvwšÍiÿx †bv‡ej kvwšÍ cyi®‹vi jvf K‡i| †mmgq †bv‡ej KwgwU gšÍe¨ K‡iwQ‡jv- kvwšÍiÿx Zv‡`i
Kv‡Ri ga¨ w`‡q cÖgvY K‡i‡Q †h GwU BDbvB‡UW †bkb‡mi GKwU †gŠwjK cÖwZôvb|
eZ©gvb evrmwiK ev‡RU cÖvq 600 †KvwU gvwK©b Wjvi
Av‡gwiKv- 28 kZvsk
Pxb- 15.2 kZvsk
Rvcvb- 8 kZvsk

eZ©gvb Acv‡ikb (Current Operations)

eZ©gv‡b Pj‡Q wZbwU gnv‡`‡k 12wU Acv‡ikb| I‡kwbqv, DËi Av‡gwiKv I `wÿY Av‡gwiKv gnv‡`‡k †Kv‡bv
Acv‡ikb †bB| Acv‡ikb¸‡jvi g‡a¨ ïay Avwd«Kv‡ZB QqwU, Gwkqv‡Z cvuPwU Ges BD‡iv‡c gvÎ GKwU|
µwgK Acv‡ikb bvg †`k
1 MINURSO cwðg mvnviv, gi‡°v
2 MINUSCA ga¨ Avwd«Kv cÖRvZš¿
3 MINUSMA gvwj
4. MONUSCO MYZvwš¿K K‡½v
5 UNISFA A¨v‡eB, my`vb
6 UNMISS `wÿY my`vb
7 UNTSO ga¨cÖvP¨
8 UNDOF †Mvjvb, wmwiqv
9 UNFICYP mvBcÖvm

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10 UNIFIL †jevbb
11 UNMOGIP fviZ I cvwK¯Ívb
12 UNMIK K‡mv‡fv
(peacekeeping.un.org/en/data)

 AskMÖnYKvix †`k (Personnel Sending Countries)

G ch©šÍ 124wU †`k Ask wb‡q GB Kvh©µ‡g| eZ©gv‡b 122wU †`k kvwšÍiÿx Acv‡ik‡b m`m¨ cvwV‡q‡Q| `wÿY
Gwkqvi evsjv‡`k, fviZ, cvwK¯Ívb, †bcvj, Avwd«Kvi Bw_Iwcqv Ges iæqvÛv memgq †gvU †cÖwiZ ˆmb¨ msL¨vi
w`K w`‡q kxl© cvu‡P _v‡K| Z‡e Ae¯’vb¸‡jv Lye `ªæZB cwiewZ©Z nq|
kxl© 5 †`k
†`‡ki bvg †gvU msL¨v
evsjv‡`k 6731
Bw_Iwcqv 6662
iæqvÛv 6322
†bcvj 5682
fviZ 5353
cvwK¯Ívb 4440
(31 AvM÷ 2020 ch©šÍ)

mdjZv (Successes of Peacekeeping)

70 eQ‡iiI †ewk mgq a‡i kvwšÍiÿx we‡k¦i wewfbœ cÖv‡šÍ kvwšÍ iÿvq e¨vcK mdjZv †`wL‡q‡Q| kvwšÍ cÖwZôv
AZ¨šÍ KwVb GKwU KvR| †mB KwVb KvRwU K‡i hv‡”Q GB kvwšÍiÿxiv| kvwšÍiÿ Acv‡ikb kvwšÍi †Kv‡bv wbðqZv
w`‡Z bv cvi‡jI Zviv †h KvR Ki‡Z †c‡i‡Q Zv Ab¨iv cv‡i wb| hvi ¯^xK…wZ¯^iƒc †bv‡ej kvwšÍ cyi¯‹viI wR‡Z‡Q
BDbvB‡UW †bkb‡mi GB Kg©m~wP| kvwšÍiÿv Ki‡Z wM‡q 3800 Gi †ewk kvwšÍiÿx cÖvY nvwi‡q‡Qb|

1. ¯^vaxb ivóª cÖwZôv: ¯^vaxi ivóª cÖwZôv Ki‡ZI kvwšÍiÿx‡`i f~wgKv i‡q‡Q| wZbwU †`‡ki bvg D‡jøL Kiv
hv †h †`k¸‡jvi ¯^vaxbZvi wcQ‡b GB evwnbxi f~wgKv Ab¯^xKvh©| †`k¸‡jv n‡jv- B‡›`v‡bwkqv †_‡K
Avjv`v n‡q c~e© wZgyi (2002), Bw_Iwcqv †f‡O MwVZ BwiwÎqv (1991/1993) I my`vb †_‡K Avjv`v n‡q
`wÿY my`vb (2005/2011)|

2. ¯’vqx kvwšÍ cÖwZôv : ivR‰bwZK HK¨gZ cÖwZôvi ga¨ w`‡q kvwšÍiÿx we‡k¦i wewfbœ †`‡ki mwmsmZvi ¯’vqx
mgvavb NwU‡q‡Q| D`vniY wn‡m‡e D‡jøL Kiv hvq K‡¤^vwWqv, Gj mvj‡f`i, ¸qv‡Zgvjv, †gvRvw¤^K,
bvwgweqv I ZvwRwK¯Ív‡bi K_v|

3. mv¤úªwZK mdjZv: m¤úªwZ †kl nIqv I Pjgvb wKQz Acv‡ikb Ab¨vb¨ ¯’v‡bi ¯’v‡b cwi®‹vi cv_©K¨ m„wó
K‡i‡Q kvwšÍ cÖwZôvi †ÿ‡Î| wm‡qivwjqb, eyiæwÛ, AvBfwi †Kv÷, c~e© wZgyi, jvB‡ewiqv, nvBwZ,
K‡mv‡fv‡Z e¨vcK mdjZv †`wL‡q‡Q kvwšÍ cÖwZôvi †ÿ‡Î|

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e¨_©Zv (Failure of Peacekeeping)

kvwšÍ cÖwZôv Ki‡Z wM‡q BDbvB‡UW †bkb‡mi kvwšÍiÿx e¨vcK mgv‡jvPbviI Rb¥ w`‡q‡Q| Zv‡`i e¨_©Zvi cvjøvI
†ek fvix| kvwšÍ cÖwZôvq e¨_©Zv cvkvcvwk ˆbwZKöj‡bi Awf‡hvM i‡q‡Q Zv‡`i weiæ‡×|
1. kvwšÍ cÖwZôvq e¨_©Zv: †mvgvwjqv I iæqvÛv‡Z GB kvwšÍiÿx evwnbxi f~wgKv e¨vcKfv‡e cÖkœwe×| wek¦e¨vcx
mgv‡jvPbvi So e‡q hvq Zv‡`i wb‡q| GQvov 90 Gi `k‡K mv‡eK hy‡Mv¯øvwfqv‡Z GB evwnbx e¨vKfv‡e
mgv‡jvwPZ nq| gymwjg wba‡bi g‡Zv eo Awf‡hvMI i‡q‡Q Zv‡`i weiæ‡×|

2. †hŠbnqivwbi Awf‡hvM: 2014 mv‡j Awf‡hvM I‡V ga¨ Avwd«Kv cÖRvZ‡š¿ Lvevi I UvKvi wewbg‡q wkï‡`i
†hŠbnqivwb K‡i‡Q kvwšÍiÿxiv| we‡kl K‡i d«v‡Ýi kvwšÍiÿx‡`i weiæ‡× G Awf‡hvM I‡V| ZrKvjxb
gnvmwPe evb wK gyb Z`šÍ KwgwU MVb K‡iwQ‡jb| Z`‡šÍ mZ¨ZvI cvIqv †M‡Q| 2018 mv‡ji 25 †g
evsjv‡`‡ki †WBwj ÷vi cwÎKv GKwU wi‡cvU© K‡i G wel‡q hvi wk‡ivbvg wQ‡jv- ÔSexual abuse at the
hands of UN peacekeepers’. †mB wi‡cv‡U© evsjv‡`‡ki cywjk I †mbvm`m¨ hviv kvwšÍiÿx‡Z Av‡Qb
Zv‡`i weiæ‡×I Awf‡hvM Av‡Q e‡j Z_¨-DcvË Dc¯’vcb Kiv nq|

kvwšÍiÿx w`em (UN Peacekeeping Day)

Ñ cÖwZ eQi 29 †g kvwšÍiÿx w`em wn‡m‡e cvwjZ nq|
Ñ w`emwU cvj‡bi wm×všÍ M„nxZ nq 2002 mv‡j (A/RES/57/129)|
Ñ 2021 mv‡j w`e‡mi cÖwZcv`¨:

ms¯‹vi (Reformation of UN Peacekeeping)

BDbvB‡UW †bkb‡mi kvwšÍiÿv Kvh©µ‡gi ms¯‹v‡ii cÖ‡qvRbxqZv A‡bK Av‡M †_‡KB Abyfe Kiv †M‡Q| Kwd
Avbvb, evb wK gybmn AvšÍwbI ¸‡Z‡imI †Póv Pvjv‡”Qb| Ab¨vb¨ gnvmwPe GB wel‡q bvbvb cÖ‡Póv Pvwj‡q‡Q|
ms¯‹vi GKwU Pjgvb cÖwµqv| G ch©šÍ †hme ms¯‹vi Kg©m~wP †bqv n‡q‡Q †m¸‡jvi g‡a¨ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© ms¯‹vi¸‡jv wb‡P
Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jv|

1. eªvnwg wi‡cvU© (Brahmi Report): 2000 gv‡P© ZrKvjxb gnvmwPe Kwd Avbvb ZrKvjxb kvwšÍiÿxi
`ye©jZv Lyu‡R †ei Kivi Rb¨ GKwU c¨v‡bj wb‡qvM K‡iwQ‡jb| †h c¨v‡b‡ji KvQ †_‡K wZwb ev¯Íem¤§Z
Ges cÖ‡qvwMK civgk© Avkv K‡iwQ‡jb| IB c¨v‡b‡ji cÖavb wQ‡jb Avj‡Rwiqvi K~UbxwZwe` jvL`vi
eªvnwg (Lakhdar Brahmi)| GB c¨v‡bj †h ms¯‹vi cÖ¯Íve K‡i Zv‡K ejv nq eªvnwg wi‡cvU©| evnwg
wi‡cv‡U© wZbwU eo ms¯‹vi cÖ¯Íve wQ‡jv
- m`m¨ iv󪸇jvi ivR‰bwZK cÖwZÁv bZzb K‡i wba©viY;
- cÖvwZôvwbK ¸iæZ¡c~Y© cwieZ©b;
- Avw_©K mnvqZv e„w×
eªvnwg wi‡cv‡U©i Ici wfwË K‡i ¸iæZ¡c~Y© PviwU cÖ‡Póv MÖnY K‡i‡Q BDbvB‡UW †bkbm| †m¸‡jv n‡jv-
 wek¦ m‡¤§jb (World Summit): 2005 mv‡j wek¦ m‡¤§j‡bi gva¨‡g kvwšÍ-Dbœqb Kwgkb MVb Kiv
nq|
 kvwšÍ Kvh©µg-2010: 2006 mv‡j Department of Peacekeeping Operations (DPKO)‡K
ms¯‹vi Kivi Rb¨ †KŠkjMZ ms¯‹vi Kg©m~wP MÖnY Kiv nq hvi bvg ÔkvwšÍ Kvh©µg-2010Õ|

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 K¨vc‡÷vb WKwUªb (Capstone Doctrine): 2008 mv‡j GB bxwZgvjv cÖYqb Kiv nq| gvVch©v‡q
kvwšÍiÿx‡`i f~wgKv Kx n‡e †m m¤ú©wKZ g~jbxwZ (principles) I wb‡`©kgvjv (guidelines) i‡q‡Q
K¨vc‡÷vb WKwUª‡b| GB WKwUªb cÖ_g Dc¯’vcb Kiv nq biI‡qi ivRavbx Am‡jv‡Z GK †mwgbv‡i| GB
WKwUªbwU gvÎ 6 c„ôvi| GB WKwUªb cÖ¯‘Z K‡i‡Qb- Cedric de Coning, Julian detzel, Petter
Hojem.

2. bRi`vwi (High Level Independent Panel on UN Peace Operations)

2014 mv‡ji 31 A‡±vei BDbvB‡UW †bkb‡mi ZrKvjxb gnvmwPe evb wK gyb kvwšÍiÿx Kvh©µg Z`viwKi Rb¨
16 m`‡m¨i D”P ch©v‡qi GKwU ¯^vaxb KwgwU MVb K‡i w`‡qwQ‡jb| hvi cÖavb wQ‡jb c~e© wZgy‡ii mv‡eK
†cÖwm‡W›U †Rvm i¨v‡gvm nZ©v|

3. AvšÍwbI ¸‡Z‡i‡mi cÖ¯Íve: beg gnvmwPe AvšÍwbI ¸‡Z‡im 2017 mv‡j BDbvB‡UW †bkbm kvwšÍiÿxi
ms¯‹vi cÖ¯Íve K‡ib| cvkvcvwk wZwb BDbvB‡UW †bkbm e¨e¯’vcbv, KvVv‡gv Ges Dbœqb c×wZiI ms¯‹vi
cÖ¯Íve K‡i‡Qb| G‡RÛv 2030 ev¯Íevq‡bi Rb¨ wZwb kvwšÍiÿx‡K Av‡iv Kvh©Ki K‡i M‡o †Zvjvi civgk©
†`b|
(peacekeeping.un.org)
kvwšÍiÿv‡Z evsjv‡`‡ki f~wgKv (Bangladesh Role in UN Peacekeeping)
evsjv‡`k BDbvB‡UW †bkbm kvwšÍiÿv‡Z m`m¨ †cÖiYKvixi †`k¸‡jvi g‡a¨ kxl©¯’vbxq GKwU †`k| kxl© wZ‡bi
g‡a¨B evsjv‡`k memgq _v‡K| kvwšÍiÿx wgk‡b wM‡q evsjv‡`‡ki kvwšÍiÿxiv e¨vcK mdjZv †`wL‡q‡Q|
kvwšÍiÿx wgk‡bi gva¨‡g evsjv‡`‡ki fveg~wZ© D¾¡j n‡q‡Q wek¦`iev‡i| eZ©gv‡b †mbvevwnbxi cvkvcvwk cywj‡ki
bvix-cyiæl m`m¨ m¤§vbRbK GB `vwqZ¡ cvjb Ki‡Qb wewfbœ wgk‡b| Z‡e cÖ_‡g †hvM`vb K‡iwQ‡jb evsjv‡`k
†mbvevwnbxi 15 m`m¨|
†hvM`vb wgk‡bi bvg mvj
cÖ_g †hvM`vb -UNIIMOG, Iraq 1988
- UNTAG, Namibia
cywj‡ki †hvM`vb - UNTAG 1989

AR©b (Major Achievements of Bangladesh from UN Peacekeeping)

BDbvB‡UW †bkb‡mi kvwšÍiÿx‡Z evsjv‡`k wZb `kK cvi K‡i‡Q| evsjv‡`‡ki kvwšÍiÿxiv cÖkswmZ n‡q‡Q †`‡k
we‡`‡k| BDbvB‡UW †bkbmmn wewfbœ AvšÍR©vwZK m¤úª`vq evsjv‡`‡ki kvwšÍiÿx‡`i e¨vcK cÖksmv K‡i hv
mwZ¨Kvi A‡_©B †MŠi‡ei| evsjv‡`‡ki kvwšÍiÿxiv wb‡R‡`i Rxeb wecbœ K‡i wewfbœ †`‡ki RwvZMZ msNvZ
†gvKv‡ejv Ges hy×weaŸ¯Í wewPÎ †`‡ki iv¯ÍvNvU, AeKvVv‡gv wbg©vY I wPwKrmv‡mevq evsjv‡`‡ki kvwšÍiÿxiv
AbyKiYxq `vwq_¡ cvjb Kivq wek¦e¨vcx cÖkswmZ n‡”Qb| evsjv‡`‡ki kvwšÍiÿx‡`i Kg©Kv‡Ði d‡j †`kI ‡c‡q‡Q
gh©v`vi Avmb| wb‡P wKQz AR©b D‡jøL Kiv nq|

1. `¨vM †ngvi‡kvì c`Kjvf: 2021 mv‡ji Ryb ch©šÍ evsjv‡`‡ki 159 Rb kvwšÍiÿx gviv †M‡Qb `vwqZ¡
cvjb Ki‡Z wM‡q| hv‡`i g‡a¨ cÖvq †`ok Rb (136) Rb †c‡q‡Qb `¨vM †ngvi‡kvì c`K| GB
kvwšÍiÿx‡`i Rb¨ AZ¨šÍ m¤§vbRbK c`K| me©‡kl 27 †g 2021 Av‡iv 8 wbnZ kvwšÍiÿx cvq GB
cyi¯‹vi|

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2. nvBwZ‡Z bvix‡`i mdj wgkb: nvBwZ kvwšÍ wgkb MVb Kiv n‡qwQ‡jv evsjv‡`k cywj‡ki bvix m`m¨‡`i
w`‡q| 2015 mvj †_‡K 2017 mvj ch©šÍ GB kvwšÍ wgkb f~wgK¤úweaŸ¯Í nvBwZi cybM©VbKvR Ges
†`kwUi weivRgvb mwnsmZvi g‡a¨ mvd‡j¨i m‡½ wgkb mgvß K‡i|

3. SzuwKc~Y© wgk‡b mdjZv AR©b: we‡k¦i me‡P SzuwKc~Y© wgkb g‡b Kiv nq Avwd«Kvi wgkb¸‡jv| †h
wgkb¸‡jv‡Z evsjv‡`‡ki kvwšÍiÿxiv e¨vcK mdjZv †`wL‡q‡Q|

4. wm‡qiv wjq‡b evsjv‡K cÖwZôv: wm‡qiv wjq‡b kvwšÍ cÖwZôvq e¨vcK mdjZv †c‡q‡Q evsjv‡`‡ki
kvwšÍiÿxiv| hvi ¯^xK…wZ¯^iƒc evsjv fvlv wm‡qiv wjq‡b †c‡q‡Q wØZxq fvlvi gh©v`v|

5. wewewm KZ©„K ¯^xK…wZ: wewewm 2008 mv‡j evsjv‡`‡ki kvwšÍiÿx‡`i `Cream of UN peacekeepers’
e‡j AwfwnZ K‡i|

cwi‡k‡l ej‡Z PvB, g~jZ wZb `k‡Ki †ewk mgq a‡i BDbvB‡UW †bkb‡mi kvwšÍiÿx wgk‡b evsjv‡`‡ki
AskMÖnY Drmvne¨ÄK| †mbv †gvZv‡q‡bi msL¨vi w`K w`‡qI evsjv‡`k me©`v kxl© wZ‡bi g‡a¨ _vK‡Q| GB aviv
Ae¨vnZ ivLv I gyw³hy‡×i †PZbvi mgybœwZ weav‡bi Rb¨ mk¯¿evwnbxi wek¦ kvwšÍ ¯’vc‡bi f~wgKv‡K BwZevPK
`„wó‡Z g~j¨vqb Kiv `iKvi| BDbvB‡UW †bkb‡mi kvwšÍiÿx wgk‡bi `vwqZ¡cÖvß KgKZ©viv evsjv‡`‡k wewfbœ mgq
md‡i G‡m evievi †mK_vq ¯§iY K‡i w`‡q‡Qb| kvwšÍ wgk‡bi mvdj¨ aviv Ae¨vnZ ivL‡Z n‡e| KviY-
kvwšÍiÿxivB evsjv‡`‡ki mÿgZv‡K wek¦evmxi Kv‡Q †MŠi‡ei m‡½ Zz‡j a‡i‡Q|

we‡k¦ I evsjv‡`‡k Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi cÖfve Ges KiYxq

me‡P eo Rjevqy cwieZ©b cÖwZ‡e`b

- 2021 mv‡ji 9 AvM÷ Rjevqy cwiZ©b welqK G hverKv‡ji me‡P eo cÖwZ‡e`b cÖKvk K‡i‡Q RvwZmsN
Z_v AvBwcwmwm|
- ivóªbvqK‡`i Rb¨ 42 c„ôvi GB cÖwZ‡e`bwU‡K RvwZms‡Ni gnvRwme ÕgvbeZvi Rb¨ jvj ms‡KZÕ wn‡m‡e
AvL¨vwqZ K‡i‡Qb|
- GwU g~jZ AvBwcwmwm 1988 mv‡j cÖwZwôZ nIqvi ci †_‡K lô A¨v‡mm‡g›U cÖwZ‡e`b| 14 nvRvi †ewk
ˆeÁvwbK M‡elYvi Ici wfwË K‡i GwU ‰Zwi Kiv n‡q‡Q|
- GB cÖwZ‡e`‡b ejv n‡q‡Q, kZvwãi †k‡l mgy`ª c„‡ôi D”PZv evo‡e 2 wgUvi|
- AvBwcwmwm ZvcgvÎvi cÖ‡RKkb (Temperature Projections)

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AvBwcwcwmi lô A¨v‡mm‡g›U cÖwZ‡e`‡b ejv n‡q‡Q, Kve©b wbtmiY me‡P KgI hw` N‡U Zvn‡jI 2100 mv‡j
wM‡q 1.9 wWwMÖ †mjwmqvm ZvcgvÎv e„w× cv‡e| wKš‘ m‡e©v”P wbtmiY hw` N‡U Zvn‡j 8.5 wWwMÖ †mjwmqvg ch©šÍ
ZvcgvÎv evo‡Z cv‡i|

GmGmwc-1: 1.9 wWwMÖ †mjwmqvm me©wb¥ wKš‘ †mUvI †kl ch©šÍ nq 2.6 wWwMÖ †mjwmqvm Qvwo‡q hv‡e|

GmGmwc-2: 4.5 wWwMÖ †mjwmqvm

GmGmwc-5: 8.5 wWwMÖ †mjwmqvm

(GmGmwci c~Y© iƒc n‡”Q †kqviW †mvwmIB‡KvbwgK cvZI‡qm| GwU g~jZ- GKwU cš’v| hvi gva¨‡g cieZ©x
kZ‡K mgvR, RbwgwZ, A_©bxwZ Kxfv‡e cwiewZ©Z n‡e Zv wbY©q Kiv nq| GB cš’v †ei K‡i‡Q Rjevqy weÁvwb,
A_©bxwZwe`, Ges R¡vjvwb e¨e¯’v g‡Wjviiv)

ZvcgvÎv e„w×i Ae¯’v

AvBwcwmwmi fwel¨revYx ev¯Íe Ae¯’v

Kve©b 2001 mv‡j AvBwcwmwm e‡jwQ‡jv- 2010 mv‡ji w`‡K 2010 mv‡j †`Lv hvq Kve©b wbtmiY
wbtmiY wM‡q cÖwZeQi 7.7 wewjqb Ub †_‡K 9.7 wewjqb Ub wQ‡jv 9.1 wewjqb Ub|
Kve©b wbtmiY n‡e|
ZvcgvÎv AvBwcwmwm 2007 mv‡ji A¨v‡mm‡g›U wi‡cv‡U© ejv n‡q‡Q, wKš‘ eZ©gv‡b †h e„w× †`Lv hv‡”Q
2100 mvj bvMv` ZvcgvÎvi e„w× NU‡e 4.3 wWwMÖ Zv‡Z Zv 6.3 wWwMÖ †mjwmqvm Qvwo‡q
†mjwmqvm| hv‡e|
mgy‡`ªi AvBwcwmwm 2007 mv‡ji A¨v‡mm‡g›U wi‡cv‡U© ejv n‡q‡Q, wewfbœ M‡elYv ej‡Q, 2.4 wdU Ges
D”PZv kZvwãi †k‡l 1.9 wdU D”PZv evo‡e| 6.2 wd‡Ui g‡a¨ _vK‡e|
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Senior Teacher of International Affairs
Contact: 01756328147

(climatecentral.org/news/ipcc-predictions-then-versus-now15340)

RjevqycwieZ©‡bi Rb¨ `vqx Kviv?

wMÖb nvDm M¨vm wbtmiYKvix kxl© †`k gv_vwcQz wMÖb nvDm M¨vm wbtmiYKvix kxl© †`k
1. MYwPb- 28 kZvsk 1. Av‡gwiKv- 16.5 †gwUªK Ub
2. Av‡gwiKv- 15 kZvsk 2. A‡÷ªwjqv- 15.4 †gwUªKUb
3. fviZ- 7 kZvsk 3. KvbvWv- 15.1 †gwUªKUb
4. ivwkqv- 5 kZvsk 4. †b`vij¨vÛm- 9.9 †gwUªKUb
5. Rvcvb- 3 kZvsk 5. Rvcvb- 9.5 †gwUªKUb
(m~Î: BDwbqb Ae Kbmvb©&W mv‡qbwU÷) (m~Î: wek¦e¨vsK cÖwZ‡e`b 17 A‡±vei 2017)

RvwZms‡Ni c`‡ÿc

1. cwi‡ek m‡¤§jb
2. msMVb cÖwZôv
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4. †cÖv‡UvKj cÖYqb
5. c¨vwim c¨v±

D”P SzuwK‡Z evsjv‡`k

evsjv‡`k Rjevqy ciweZ©‡bi SyuwKi g‡a¨ _vKv GKwU †`k|

- Rvg©vb Iqv‡Pi 2020 mv‡ji K¬vB‡gU wi· Bb‡W· Abyhvqx evsjv‡`k mßg SzuwKc~Y© †`k| GB wi‡cvU©
‰Zwi Kiv n‡q‡Q 1999 mvj †_‡K 2018 mvj ch©šÍ N‡U hvIqv `y‡h©v‡Mi Ici wfwË K‡i|
- BDwb‡m‡di Z_¨ Abyhvqx, Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi d‡j evsjv‡`‡ki 19 wgwjqb wkï SzuwK‡Z i‡q‡Q|
- RvwZms‡Ni gvbevwaKvi welqK nvBKwgkbvi wg‡kj e¨v‡P‡jU gvbevwaKvi cwil‡`i 48Zg Awa‡ek‡b
Rvbvb, 2050 mvj bvMv` evsjv‡`‡ki 17 kZvsk cvwbi wb‡P Zwj‡q hv‡e|

1. e„wócv‡Zi ai‡b cwieZ©b

2. eb¨v I Liv
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 S M Atiq
Senior Teacher of International Affairs
Contact: 01756328147

8. Rxebgv‡bi cÖwZ AvNvZ

9. bvixi AwbivcËv
10. ev¯‘Py¨wZ

miKv‡ii D‡`¨vM

1. Rjevqy Uªv÷: 2009 mv‡j miKvi MÖnY K‡i Ôevsjv‡`k Rjevqy cwieZ©b Kg©cwiKíbv 2009Õ| GiB Ask
wn‡m‡e 2020 mv‡j Rjevqy Uªv÷ AvBb Kiv nq| 2013 mv‡j MVb Kiv nq Rjevqy cwieZ©b Uªv÷| hvi
wfkb n‡”Q, Rjevqy cwieZ©b AwfNvZ †gvKvwejvq mÿg evsjv‡`k M‡o †Zvjv|
hvi wgkb wZbwU
K) ¯^í, ga¨ I `xN©‡gqvw` cwiKíbv MÖnY|
L) Awf‡hvRb I cÖkgb welqK cÖ‡qvRbxq Kvh©µg MÖnY|
M) cwi‡ekevÜe cÖhyw³i e¨envi e„w×KiY|
2. Awf‡hvRb I AKvVv‡gvq wewb‡hvM: 22 GwcÖj 2021 cÖavbgš¿x †kL nvwmbv fvP©yqvwj wjWvm© mvwg‡U
Rvbvb, wRwWwci 2. 5 kZvsk miKvi e¨q Ki‡Q Rjevqy Awf‡hvRb I †UKmB AeKvVv‡gv wbg©v‡Y|
3. e„ÿ‡ivcY: 22 GwcÖj 2021 cÖavbgš¿x †kL nvwmbv fvP©yqvwj wjWvm© mvwg‡U Rvbvb, †Kej gywRe e‡l©B mviv
†`‡k e„ÿ‡ivcY Kiv n‡q‡Q 30 wgwjqb|
4. mvB‡K¬vb †m›Uvi wbg©vY: ¯’vbxq miKvi wefv‡Mi †`qv Z_¨ g‡Z, †`‡k 777wU mvB‡K¬vb †m›Uvi wbg©vY I
cybwbg©vY Kiv n‡q‡Q|
5. cÖwkwÿZ †¯^”Qv‡meK ˆZwi: 74 nvRv‡ii †ewk cÖwkwÿZ †¯^”Qv‡meK ˆZwi Kiv n‡q‡Q N~wY©So cÖ¯‘wZi
Kg©m~wPi AvIZvq| hviv `y‡h©vM †gvKvwejvq m`v cÖ¯‘Z _v‡Kb (m~Î: †fv‡ii KvMR, 23 A‡±vei 2020)|

cÖavbgš¿xi 4 `dv

†Rv evB‡Wb Av‡qvwRZ wjWvim mvwg‡U fvP©yqvwj Ask wb‡q 2021 mv‡ji 22 GwcÖj cÖavbgš¿x †kL nvwmbv 4 `dv
civgk© w`‡q‡Qb wek¦ †bZ…e„›`‡K|

1. civgk© 1: D”Pvwfjvlx A¨vKkb cø¨vb MÖnY K‡Z n‡e Ges Dbœqbkxj †`k¸‡jv‡K cÖkgb e¨e¯’vi w`‡K
g‡bv‡hvMx n‡Z n‡e|
2. civgk© 2: 100 wewjqb Wjv‡ii evwl©K jÿ¨gvÎv c~iY Kiv Ges Gi 50 kZvsk Awf‡hvRb I 50 kZvsk
cÖkg‡b Kv‡R jvMv‡bv|
3. civgk© 3: D™¢veb I Rjevqy A_©vq‡b eo †`k¸‡jv‡K Ges eo cÖwZôvb¸‡jv‡K GwM‡q Avm‡Z n‡e|
4. civgk© 4: meyR A_©bxwZ I Kve©b wbi‡cÿ cÖhyw³‡Z hvIqv cÖ‡qvRb|
(evsjv wUªweDb 22 GwcÖj 2021)

miKv‡ii KiYxq

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 S M Atiq
Senior Teacher of International Affairs
Contact: 01756328147

1. g¨vb‡MÖvf msiÿY: evsjv‡`k DcK~jxq A‡j g¨vb‡MÖvf msiÿ‡Yi cvkvcvwk cybivq e„ÿ‡ivcY Ki‡Z
cv‡i| †hwU cwi‡ek‡K Kve©bgy³ Kivi cvkvcvwk N~wY©S‡oi weiæ‡× GKwU cÖvK…wZK Xvj wn‡m‡eI KvR
Ki‡e| g¨vb‡MÖvf µgea©gvb Rxe‰ewPΨ, gv‡Qi Avevm¯’j I B‡KvUz¨wiRg myweavmn wKQz AwZwi³ myweav
cÖ`vb K‡i| wKš‘ GwU AZ¨šÍ e¨qeûj| KviY GB e¨e¯’vq cÖwZeQi cÖvq 40 wK‡jvwgUvi DcK~j‡iLvq
g¨vb‡MÖvf †ivcY Ki‡Z n‡e| g¨vb‡MÖvf msiÿ‡Y cieZ©x 30 eQi cÖ‡qvRb n‡e 10 nvRvi 500 †KvwU
UvKviI †ewk| me wgwj‡q Rjevqy myiÿv ch©U‡bi Dbœq‡bi cvkvcvwk g¨vb‡MÖvf msiÿY Ges cybe©bvq‡bi
†cQ‡b e¨vwqZ cÖwZ UvKvq 2.8 UvKvi Kj¨vY mvwaZ n‡e|
(weqb †jvg‡evM©, †Kv‡cb‡n‡Mb Kb‡mbmvm †m›Uvi)

2. AvMvg mZK©Zv e¨e¯’v ˆZwi: N~wY©So evsjv‡`‡ki cÖwZeQ‡ii wbqwgZ `y‡hv©M| GB `y‡h©v‡M cÖvYnvwb I
m¤ú`nvwb Kgv‡Z AvMvg mZK©Zv e¨e¯’v Av‡iv †Rvi`vi Ki‡Z n‡e| 1970 mv‡ji N~wY©S‡o evsjv‡`‡k
10 jÿvwaK gvbyl cÖvY nvivq| wKš‘ cÖvYnvwb A‡bK K‡g‡Q| Gi eo GKwU KviY mZK©Zv e¨e¯’v| e½eÜz
N~wY©So cÖ¯‘wZ Kg©m~wPi AvIZvq 18 nvRvi †¯^”Qv‡meK ˆZwi K‡iwQ‡jb| eZ©gv‡b Zv `vuwo‡q‡Q 76 nvRvi
20 R‡b (ewYK evZ©v, 1 RyjvB 2021)| Z‡e Av‡iv †¯^”Qv‡meK ˆZwiKivmn mZK© e¨e¯’v †Rvi`v‡i
f~wgKv wb‡Z n‡e|

3. eûgyLx AvkÖq‡K›`ª M‡o †Zvjv: A‡b‡K eZ©gvb AvkÖq‡K›`ª¸‡jv‡K e¨env Ki‡Z Pvq bv| KviY- †mLv‡b
Zviv Mevw` cÖvYx I Ab¨vb¨ g~j¨evb wRwbmcÎ ivL‡Z cv‡i bv| ZvB Ggb AvkÖq‡Kš¿ M‡o Zzj‡Z n‡e
hv‡Z K‡i gvbyl I Mevw`cï Df‡qi evm¯’v‡bi mye¨e¯’v _vK‡e| evsjv‡`‡k G ai‡bi cÖvq 530wU AvkÖq
†K›`ª cÖ‡qvRb| cÖwZwU wbg©v‡Y LiP n‡e 8 `kwgK 5 †KvwU UvKv Ges e¨wqZ UvKv 1.8 UvKvi Kj¨vY mvab
Ki‡e|
(weqb †jvg‡evM©, †Kv‡cb‡n‡Mb Kb‡mbmvm †m›Uvi)

4. wbPzi Rwgi Pvicv‡k evua †`qv: eb¨v †_‡K K…wl Rwg, evwoNi I AeKvVv‡gv‡K iÿv Ki‡Z wbPz Rwgi
Pvicv‡k evua †`qv †h‡Z cv‡i| wZb wgUv‡ii †ewk D”PZvi evua wbg©vY Ki‡Z n‡e| G¸‡jv AZ¨šÍ e¨qeûj
I G¸‡jv Ki‡Z LiP n‡e 37 nvRvi 200 †KvwU UvKv| Gme †ÿ‡Î e¨wqZ 1 UvKvi wecix‡Z 1.8 UvKvi
myweav cvIqv hv‡e|
(weqb †jvg‡evM©, †Kv‡cb‡n‡Mb Kb‡mbmvm †m›Uvi)

5. K…wl Drcv`bkxjZv e„w× Kiv: wewb‡qvM I cÖwkÿ‡Yi gva¨‡g K…wl Drcv`bkxjZv evov‡bv m¤¢e| G Rb¨
cieZ©x `yB `kK a‡i cÖwZ kÖwg‡Ki †cQ‡b 7 jvL UvKvi g‡Zv LiP n‡e| K…wl Drcv`bkxjZv 10 kZvsk
e„w× cv‡e| mvK‡j¨ AvMvwg 20 eQ‡i e¨wqZ cÖwZwU UvKvi 3.7 UvKvi myweav †`‡e|

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