Klenn Mae Orteza

Human Histology (LAB)

Activity 1- Overview of tissues and subtypes

EPITHELIAL TISSUE
CONNECTIVE TISSUE
Function:
1.
Protection
It holdsfrom abrasionstructures,
together and injury such as skin, muscles, blood vessels, etc. It binds
2. Absorption of the material from lumen
together various layers of hollow viscera. In the form of areolar tissue and
3. Secretion of mucus, hormones, enzymes, etc.
reticular tissue, it forms a framework that supports the cellular elements of
4. Exchange/transcellular transport across the epithelial layers.
various organs, such as the spleen, lymph nodes, and glands, and provides
Subtypes Function/Use
capsules for them. The looseness of areolar tissue facilitates movement between
 Simple Squamous It helps in rapid transport
structures connected by it. The looseness of superficial of substances, diffusionthe
fascia enables of
gases, and
movement of skin over deep fascia. filtration
In hollow of fluids
organs, this allows for mobility and
 Simple Cuboidal
stretching It is mainly concerned with secretory, absorptive,
and excretory functions.
Subtypes Function/Use
 Simple Columnar Absorbs; it also secretes mucous and enzymes


Compact bone Columnar The tall columnar cells organs,
Pseudostratified
To protect the internal to create a rigid
are secretory in nature,
frame for muscular movement, and to store minerals
while the short, basal cells are stem cells which
such as calcium and phosphorous.
constantly replace the tall cells. The cilia help in
 Blood It connects the different organs by carrying nutrients
clearance of the mucous. The stereocilia help in
oxygen and carbon dioxide to and from the cells.
absorption.
 Hyaline cartilage It helps hold the body together. Hyaline cartilage
 Stratified Squamous Protects against abrasion
provides support and flexibility to different parts of
 Stratified Cuboidal Protective tissue
the body.
 Stratified Columnar It helps in conducting the secretion of the glands.
 Fibrocartilage It helps connect tendons and ligaments to bones. It
 Transitional Embedded in the lipid layer of the membranes, there
is present in other high-stress areas and protects the
are special glycoproteins. It is believed that these
joints from shocks.
glycoproteins make the membrane impervious and
 Elastic cartilage To change cartilage shape in response to tension,
resistant to the toxic effects of substances present in
compression, and bending before returning to an at-
urine and thus, afford protection to adjacent tissues.
rest state, and to provide a strong but flexible
The transitional epithelium cells stretch readily.
structure.
 Areolar Tissue It provides support and helps to protect organs,
muscles, and many other tissues. It also helps to
bind the skin together.
 Adipose Tissue Stores energy reserves, insulates the body, cushions
organs.
 Reticular Tissue It supports the internal framework of organs such as
liver, lymph nodes and spleen.
 Dense Regular Tissue Attaches muscle to bones or other muscles, creates
pulling forces.
 Dense Irregular Tissue Withstands tension in many directions, providing
structural strength.
 Elastic Tissue Allows stretching and recoil of tissue, helps
maintain pulsing flow of blood.

MUSCULAR TISSUE
Function:
 The muscular tissues are connected to the same nerve bundles.
 The nerve impulse from the brain tells the muscles to contract.
 Each muscle cell contains the proteins actin and myosin. These proteins slide past
one another when the signal is received for contraction.
 Muscular tissues help in the movement of bones, squeeze different organs, or
compress chambers.
Subtypes Function/Use
 Skeletal muscle Skeletal muscle contraction and relaxation leads to
many body movement. These movements right
from walking, holding, tilting your neck, blinking of
eyes and many more are due to movement of
skeletal muscle tissue. The skeletal muscle function
and location makes it one of the most important
tissues of the body.
 Cardiac muscle The major function of cardiac muscle is to contract
so as to enable the heart to pump blood to all the
parts of the body.
 Smooth muscle It stimulates the contractility of the digestive,
urinary, reproductive systems, blood vessels, and
airways.

NERVOUS TISSUE
 Nervous tissue is found in the brain, spinal cord, and nerves. It is responsible for
coordinating and controlling many body activities. It
stimulates muscle contraction, creates an awareness of the environment, and
plays a major role in emotions, memory, and reasoning. To do all these things,
cells in nervous tissue need to be able to communicate with each other by way of
electrical nerve impulses. The cells in nervous tissue that generate and conduct
impulses are called neurons or nerve cells.
Subtypes Function/Use
 Motor nerve They are responsible to send signals or
impulses all the way from spinal cord and
brain to all the muscles of the body.
 Sensory nerve They are responsible to send signals or
impulses all the way from spinal cord and
brain to all the muscles of the body.
 Autonomic nerve It controls the actions of the muscles of
the heart, such smooth muscles located in
the stomach and in the interlining of
glands and other organs. The autonomic
nerves regulate the functions that are not
under control.
 Cranial nerve The functions are typically described as
being either sensory or motor in function.
The sensory cranial nerves are involved
with the senses, search as sight, smell,
hearing, and touch.