Name: Date: Score:

Parasitology Midterm Examination

Write the letter of the best answer. Answers only.

1. True of Schistosomes, except:
A. In copula B. Monoecious
C. Venous habitat D. no metacercarial stage
2. This parasite is acquired by humans via ingestion of infected fish:
A. Taenia saginata B. Diphyllobothrium latum
C. Paragonimus westermani D. Schistosoma japonicum
3. True of Taenia solium:
A. Cow is its intermediate host
B. Human is its definitive host
C. Its infection can cause vitamin B12 deficiency
D. Its larval stage is not found in human
4. Pigs or dogs are the source of human infection by the following parasites, except:
A. Echinococcus granulosus B. Taenia solium
C. Ascaris lumbricoides D. Trichinella spiralis
5. In intestinal amoebiasis, all are true except:
A. invasion of the mucosa by the trophozoite
B. blunting and shortening of villi
C. formation of flask-shaped ulcers
D. inflammation which leads to toxic megacolon
6. Infection with this parasite can cause extensive damage to human urogenital structures:
A. Schistosoma haematobium B. Entamoeba histolytica
C. Hymenolepis nana D. Taenia solium
7. True of Taenia saginata:
A. Pigs are its intermediate host
B. Humans are its definitive host
C. Its infection can cause vitamin B12 deficiency
D. Its larval stage is cysticercus cellulosae
8. This is the effect on the renal system in urinary schistosomiasis, except:
A. Hydrocele B. Bladder calculi
C. Haematuria D. Bladder cancer
9. In a patient with diarrhea, occasionally Entamoeba histolytica/E. dispar (four nucleated cysts, no
chromatoidal bars) are identified as being present; however, these cells, which are
misdiagnosed as protozoa, are actually:
A. Macrophages B. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes
C. Epithelial cells D. Eosinophils
10. The following cestode species is zoonotic, except:
A. Echinococcus granulosos B. Dipylidium caninum
C. Hymenolepis nana D. None of these
 11. True of Diphyllobothrium latum, except:
A. found in freshwater and sea fishes
B. coracdium causes sparganosis
C. plerocercoid is the infective stage
D. egg in feces is the diagnostic stage
12. This helminth inhabits the bile duct of humans, except:
A. Fasciola hepatica B. Clonorchis sinensis
C. Opisthorchis viverrini D. Fasciolopsis buski
13. Which of the following is the best technique to identify Dientamoeba fragilis in stool?
A. Formalin concentrate B. Trichrome-stained smear
C. Modified acid-fast–stained smear D. Giemsa’s stain
14. The incorrect match between organism and the appropriate diagnostic procedure is:
A. Onchocerca volvulus—examination of skin snips
B. Cryptosporidium—modified acid-fast stain
C. Echinococcus granulosus—routine ova and parasite examination
D. Schistosoma haematobium—examination of urine sediment
15. What is the usual manner of transmission of Schistosoma to man?
A. Arthropod vector B. Skin penetration of the cercaria
C. Ingestion of the embryonated egg D. B and C
16. Humans acquire infections with Diphyllobothrium latum adult worms by:
A. Ingestion of freshwater crabs B. Skin penetration of cercariae
C. Ingestion of water chestnuts D. Ingestion of raw freshwater fish
17. The pathogenic stage of Entamoeba histolytica to man has:
A. pseudopodia B. ingested RBC
C. cigar-shaped chromatoidal body D. A and B
18. Which is true of human blood fluke:
A. It is the only fluke in which the sexes are separated
B. It requires a second intermediate host to complete its life cycle
C. The infective stage to human is metacercaria
D. Its egg is operculated
19. The following has an egg containing a hexacanth oncosphere, except:
A. D. caninum B. Echinostoma
C. D. latum D. T. asiatica
20. The most distal part of a cestode strobila:
A. gravid proglottid B. mature segment
C. neck D. segmented
21. The correct pair in cysticercosis:
A. cellulosae - pig B. asiatica - pig
C. bovis - cow D. none of these
22. Taenia asiatica is similar to T. saginata in what?
A. uterine branches B. host species
C. scolex D. cysticercus
23. True of Schistosoma spp.:
A. The diagnostic stage is the egg
B. The infective stage to human is miracidium
C. Albendazole is the drug of choice for the treatment of its infection
D. Its infection can be prevented by eating cooked meat
24. Charcot–Leyden crystals in stool are breakdown products of eosinophil and are thought to be
associated with:
A. Trematodes B. Blood flukes
C. E. histolytica D. Paragonimus westermani
25. Two parasite eggs that resemble one another morphologically are:
A. Diphyllobothrium latum and Paragonimus westermani
B. Opisthorchis sinensis and Fasciolopsis buski
C. Taenia saginata and Hymenolepis nana
D. Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichostrongylus
26. The adult tapeworm of Echinococcus granulosus is found in the intestine of:
A. Dogs B. Sheep
C. Humans D. Cattle
27. Has almond-shaped scolex and centrally located uterine structure:
A. D. caninum B. Echinostoma
C. D. latum D. Hymenolepis
28. What parasite produces infection that simulates tuberculosis?
A. Clonorchis sinensis B. Opisthorchis felineus
C. Fasciola hepatica D. Paragonimus westermani
29. Eating poorly cooked pork can lead to an infection with:
A. Taenia solium and Trichinella spiralis
B. Taenia saginata and Hymenolepis nana
C. Trichuris trichiura and Hymenolepis diminuta
D. Diphyllobothrium latum and Ascaris lumbricoides
30. An operculated cestode egg that can be recovered from human feces is:
A. Clonorchis sinensis B. Diphyllobothrium latum
C. Paragonimus westermani D. Dipylidium caninum
31. In infections with Taenia solium, humans can serve as the:
A. Definitive host
B. Intermediate host
C. Either definitive or intermediate host
D. None of these options
32. Humans can serve as both the intermediate and definitive host in infections caused by:
A. Enterobius vermicularis B. Hymenolepis nana
C. Schistosoma japonicum D. Ascaris lumbricoides
33. Produces Ocular cysticercosis to man:
A. Dipylidium caninum B. Taenia solium
C. Taenia saginata D. B and C
34. True of Echinococcus, except:
A. developing scolices are found within brood capsule
B. commonly found in canines
C. hydatid sand is found in the fluid of young cysts
D. eggs are identical to those of Taenia
35. The formalin–ether (ethyl acetate) concentration procedure for feces is used to demonstrate:
A. Motility of helminth larvae B. Protozoan cysts and helminth eggs
C. Formation of amoebic pseudopods D. Trophozoites
36. Produces autoinfection in man.
A. Dipylidium caninum B. Taenia saginata
C. Hymenolepis diminuta D. Taenia solium
37. Lateral uterine branches in gravid proglottid are counted for diagnosis of infection cause by:
A. Diphyllobothrium latum B. Hymenolepis nana
C. Dipylidium caninum D. Taenia saginata
38. A parasitic tissue infection caused by larval cysts of the tapeworm Taenia solium:
A. cysticercosis B. sparganosis
C. katayama fever D. none of these
39. Ingestion of which of the following eggs will result in infection?
A. Strongyloides stercoralis B. Schistosoma japonicum
C. Toxocara canis D. Opisthorchis sinensis
40. Taenia saginata is associated with:
A. cat B. dog
C. cattle D. pig
41. The infective stage of what parasite is encysted in aquatic vegetations?
A. Clonorchis sinensis B. Echinostoma ilocanum
C. Fasciolopsis buski D. Paragonimus westermani
42. The following are intestinal flukes, except:
A. Fasciolopsis buski B. Heterophyes heterophyes
C. Clonorchis sinensis D. Metagonimus yokogawai
43. Snails are both the first and second intermediate hosts of:
A. Echinostoma ilocanum B. Fasciola hepatica
C. Fasciola hepatica D. Paragonimus westermani
44. The eggs of Paragonimus westermani may be demonstrated from the:
A. sputum B. urine
C. stool D. A and C
45. True of trematodes, except:
A. Flukes are foodborne and schistosomes infect by skin penetration
B. Flukes are dioecious and schistosomes are monoecious
C. Schistosomes are venous, and flukes are organ-living
D. Schistosomes are blood flukes
46. The miracidial hatching test helps to demonstrate the viability of eggs of:
A. Taenia species B. Schistosoma species
C. Hookworm species D. Opisthorchis species
 47. The following are intermediate hosts of Echinostoma ilocanum, except:
A. Pila luzonica B. Onchomelania hupensis
C. Vivapara angularis D. None of these
48. How do the cysts form in the Hydatid worm Echinococcus granulosus?
A. Ingestion of eggs lead to cysts containing larvae to develop in the liver and lungs in humans
B. Penetration into the human skin, usually in the feet or hands, cause eggs to hatch in the body
to develop larvae then cysts
C. Ingestion of larvae by drinking contaminated water usually containing copepods
D. Penetration into the skin by the trophozites, where they encyst later in the life cycle
49. Molluscan host of Schistosoma in the Philippines is:
A. Sundathelpusa phillipina B. Coxiella burnetii
C. Biomphalaria alexandrina D. Oncomelania quadrasi
50. The following may be reported as fasciolid egg because of the collective similarity, except:
A. Echinostoma B. F. buski
C. P. westermani D. F. hepatica
51. The region of growth in Cestodes is the:
A. Scolex B. Proglottid
C. Neck D. Strobila
52. The infective stage of Diphyllobothrium latum to man to produce adult infection is the
A. cysticercoid larva B. procercoid larva
C. cysticercus larva D. sparganum larva
53. What Schistosoma is present in the Philippines?
A. Schistosoma haematobium B. Schistosoma mansoni
C. Schistosoma japonicum D. Schistosoma mekongi
54. The only cestode that infects pigs and the larval cyst pathology?
A. Taenia solium - cysticercosis B. Taenia saginata - larval migrans
C. Hymenolepis - neurocysticercosis D. D. caninum - encystation
55. This is a specific characteristic for human trematodes:
A. Miracidium is an infective stage to human in all trematodes
B. All trematode eggs are operculated
C. All trematodes are hermaphrodites
D. Snail is always the first trematode intermediate host
56. Laboratory procedure that makes use of the egg in the test is
A. CFT B. COPT
C. CHR D. Casoni test
57. The incorrect match between method and method objective is:
A. Direct wet examination—detection of organism motility
B. Knott’s concentration—the recovery of operculated helminth eggs
C. Baermann’s concentration—the recovery of Strongyloides
D. Permanent stained fecal smear—confirmation of protozoa
58. The eggs may provoke pathologic lesions, particularly in the heart and brain:
A. Metagonimus and Clonorchis B. Taenia and Echinostoma
C. Paragonimus and Taenia D. Heterophyes and Metagonimus
59. Worms undergo different life cycles during their development. Which of the following is
incorrect regarding the events of the life cycle of the Trematodes (known as flukes)?
A. Fertilization may occur between two worms or self-fertilization
B. They undergo a complex asexual reproductive phase – larval stages in a snail
C. Eggs hatch in freshwater - miracidium is released - it swims out to find a snail - development
of cercariae - penetrate 2nd intermediate host and may encyst a metacercariae
D. Miracidium is not an infective stage
60. Allergic manifestations in Schistosomiasis are due to what stage of the parasite?
A. Adult B. Egg
C. Cercaria D. Metacercaria
61. Flukes that may infect the biliary tree and liver,
except:
A. Paragonimus B. Opistorchis
C. Clonorchis D. Fasciola
62. The incorrect match between organism and characteristic is:
A. Dientamoeba fragilis—tetrad karyosome in the nucleus
B. Toxoplasma gondii—diagnostic serology
C. Echinococcus granulosus—daughter cysts
D. Schistosoma mansoni—egg with terminal spine
63. The usual infective stage of Trematodes to man is the
A. cercaria B. metacercaria
C. egg D. miracidium
64. The incorrect match between organism and characteristic is:
A. Chilomastix mesnili—Shepherd’s crook and lemon shape
B. Plasmodium malariae—“band troph”
C. Hymenolepis nana—striated shell
D. Wuchereria bancrofti—sheathed microfilariae
65. Obstructive uropathy is associated with
A. Schistosoma haematobium B. Schistosoma mansoni
C. Schistosoma japonicum D. Schistosoma mekongi
66. What Cestode does NOT need an intermediate host?
A. Dipylidium caninum B. Hymenolepis diminuta
C. Echinococcus granulosus D. Hymenolepis nana
67. The most commonly involved organ in Hydatid Disease is the:
A. liver B. kidney
C. lungs D. brain
68. Which of the following is false regarding infection of humans with Taenia saginata?
A. It causes minimal symptoms
B. It is a common infection resulting from uncooked beef
C. The worm is about 6 to 7mm in width
D. It could reach 100,000 segments known as proglottids
69. What Schistosoma frequently cause Gynecological Schistosomiasis.
A. Schistosoma haematobium B. Schistosoma mansoni
C. Schistosoma japonicum D. Schistosoma mekongi
70. When humans have hydatid disease, the causative agent and host classification are:
A. Echinococcus granulosus—accidental intermediate host
B. Echinococcus granulosus—definitive host
C. Taenia solium—accidental intermediate host
D. Taenia solium—definitive host
71. Which of the following is known as the smallest AND commonest tape worm found
in the small intestine of humans?
A. Diphyllobothrium latum B. Hymenolepis diminuta
C. Taenia saginata D. Hymelolepis nana
72. Anchovy sauce-like materials is associated with
A. Amoebic colitis B. Amoebic liver abscess
C. Amoebiasis cutis D. Pulmonary amoebiasis
73. After returning from a 2-year stay in India, a patient has eosinophilia, an enlarged left spermatic
cord, and inguinal lymphadenopathy. The most likely clinical specimen and organism match is:
A. Biliary tree ultrasound – Clonorchis sinensis
B. Urine—concentration for Schistosoma hematobium
C. Fecal sample – Entamoeba histolytica
D. Thick blood films—microfilariae
74. The infective stage of the parasite is found in crabs or crayfishes.
A. Clonorchis sinensis B. Fasciola hepatica
C. Echinostoma ilocanum D. Paragonimus westermani
75. Human is a definitive host for this tapeworm, except:
A. Taenia solium B. Hymenolepis nana
C. Diphyllobothrium latum D. Echinococcus granulosus

Part 2. Short and direct answers only.

76. Identify the eggs

77. What organ of the body is infected?

78. Identify the eggs.

79. What structure is being encircled?

80. Identify the parasitic eggs.
81. What is structure is being encircled here?

82. Identify the parasitic eggs.

83. What is contained inside the egg?

84. Identify the parasitic eggs.

85. What other parasitic genus look similar to this?
86. Identify the parasitic eggs.

87. Identify the parasitic eggs.

88. Identify the parasitic eggs.

89. What microstructure is being pointed at?
 90. Identify the parasitic eggs.

91 – 95 . Explain briefly in proper order the life cycle of Diphyllobothrium latum.

96 – 100. How does Paragonimus westermani spread?

Prepared by:
Prof. Sherwin B. Toriano