Analysis of ‘Song of Lawino,’ ‘Lost Beauty,’ & Other Poems Emmanuel Kachele

‘O’ LEVEL ENGLISH (OLE)

FOR SECONDARY SCHOOLS

Analysis of ‘Song of Lawino,’ ‘Lost

Beauty,’ and Other Poems

By Emmanuel Kachele

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www.kacheleonline.co.tz

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Analysis of ‘Song of Lawino,’ ‘Lost Beauty,’ & Other Poems Emmanuel Kachele

Copyright © 2018 by Emmanuel Kachele. All Rights Reserved.

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Analysis of ‘Song of Lawino,’ ‘Lost Beauty,’ & Other Poems Emmanuel Kachele

WHY I WROTE THIS BOOK AND WHY YOU SHOULD READ IT!
I prepared these notes as part of my job. I am a teacher and one of teacher’s work duty is to
prepare notes for his/her subject. As English Language Teacher, I prepared these notes for both
teachers and students who are either interested or not interested in Poetry. For those who believe
that poetry is difficult this book is their solution. It might not be their final solution, but it may
show them some steps towards establishing their interests in poetry. The following are the
fifteen (15) poetry analysis features included in analysis of any poem in this book and are the
reasons why you should read this book.
1. About the Poet
2. Title of the poem
3. Brief Summary/Paraphrase of the poem
4. The persona
5. The addressee
6. Tone
7. Mood
8. Structure of the poem
9. Kind of the poem
10. Sound devices
11. Language and imagery
12. Themes
13. Message of the poem
14. Lessons/teachings of the poem
15. Relevance of the poem

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Analysis of ‘Song of Lawino,’ ‘Lost Beauty,’ & Other Poems Emmanuel Kachele

Author’s Note
Any English teacher can have his/her own analysis and we can equally learn from any one. Drop
by drop, we get the bucket overflowing!
This analysis is not the final.

Emmanuel Kachele
2018

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Analysis of ‘Song of Lawino,’ ‘Lost Beauty,’ & Other Poems Emmanuel Kachele

ACKNOWLEGDEMENTS

I sincerely acknowledge the good support I have been receiving from Mr Reuben Swilla (my first
Headmaster from Mwese Secondary School). He has been my precious guide since 2012. I also
specifically extend my gratitude to Headmistress of Karema High School, Ms Elinesi
Mwangomba for her support and recognition of my work.

I can’t forget my fellow teachers from English Language and Literature Department from the
following schools: Lukima Secondary School (Mbinga, Ruvuma, from 2011 – 2012), Mwese
Secondary School (Mpanda DC, Katavi, from 2012 – 2014), Karema High School (Mpanda DC,
Katavi, from 2015 – 2019), and Sibwesa Secondary School (Mpanda DC, Katavi, from 2019 –
present) for their linguistic and departmental support.

I also thank my fellow UDOM Alumni: Mwalimu Nicholaus Mwanjabala, Mwalimu Million
Luka, and Mwalimu Leonard Mshang’a for their mutual support for my work.

I also extend my heartfelt gratitude to all my students wherever they are for their support and trust.

Emmanuel Kachele
2018

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Analysis of ‘Song of Lawino,’ ‘Lost Beauty,’ & Other Poems Emmanuel Kachele

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Part One: Analysis of ‘Song of Lawino’ ......................................................................................................... 7

Part Two: Analysis of ‘Lost Beauty’ .................................................................................................................
Part Three: Analysis of ‘Eat More’ ..................................................................................................................
Part Four: Analysis of ‘Ballad of the Landlord’ ................................................................................................
Part Five: Analysis of ‘If We Must Die’ ............................................................................................................
Part Six: Analysis of ‘Your Pain’ .......................................................................................................................
Part Seven: Analysis of ‘An Abandoned Bundle’ .............................................................................................
Other Analysed Literary Works by the Author ................................................................................. 15
Popular Blog Posts .................................................................................................................................. 16
Free Downloads ....................................................................................................................................... 16
References .................................................................................................................................................. 17
About the Author ..................................................................................................................................... 17

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Analysis of ‘Song of Lawino,’ ‘Lost Beauty,’ & Other Poems Emmanuel Kachele

Part One: Analysis of ‘Song of Lawino’

______________________________________________________________________________
Poetry Title: Song of Lawino
Poet: Okot P’ Bitek
Setting: Post-Independence Uganda
Year of Publication: 1969
Publisher: Heinemann
______________________________________________________________________

1. ABOUT THE AUTHOR. Okot P’ Bitek (1931 – 1982) was born in Gulu, Northern
Uganda. He is a well-known Ugandan, East African, and African poet. He was also a
novelist and a social anthropologist, who dedicated his life to preserving his country’s
traditional literature and culture. He wrote in both English and Acholi and is generally
regarded as the finest East African poet of the 20th century. He received his early
education locally and went on to the prestigious King’s College Budo in Uganda. At age
of 22, he wrote his first book in Acholi language (1953) which was later translated as
‘White Teeth’ in 1989). He published ‘Song of Lawino’ (A Lament) in 1966 and in 1970,
he published ‘Song of Ocol.’

2. POEMS IN THIS POETRY ‘SONG OF LAWINO’

1. My Husband’s Tongue is Bitter.
2. The Woman With Whom I Share My Husband.
3. I Do Not Know the Dances of White People.
4. My Name Blew Like a Horn Among the Payira
5. The graceful giraffe cannot become a monkey.
6. The Mother Stone Has a Hollow Stomach.
7. There is No Fixed Time for Breast Feeding.
8. I Am Ignorant of the Good Word in the Clean Book.
9. From the Mouth of What River
10. The Last Safari to Pagak
11. The Buffalos of Poverty knock She People Down.

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Analysis of ‘Song of Lawino,’ ‘Lost Beauty,’ & Other Poems Emmanuel Kachele

12. My Husband’s House is a Dark Forest of Books.

13. Let Them Prepare the Malakwang Dish.

‘SONG OF LAWINO’ POEMS

Part One Poems:
1. ‘My Husband’s Tongue is Bitter.’
2. ‘The Woman With Whom I Share My Husband’.
3. ‘I Do Not Know The Dances of White People’.
4. ‘My Name Blew Like a Horn Among the Payira’.
5. ‘The Graceful Giraffe Cannot Become a Monkey’.

‘SONG OF LAWINO’ POEMS

Part Two Poems:
6. ‘The Mother Stone Has a Hollow Stomach’.
7. ‘There is No Fixed Time for Breast Feeding’.
8. ‘I Am Ignorant of the Good Word in the Clean Book’.
9. ‘From the Mouth of What River?’
10. ‘The Last Safari to Pagak’
11. ‘The Buffalos of Poverty knock She People Down’.

‘SONG OF LAWINO’ POEMS

Part Three Poems:
12. ‘My Husband’s House is a Dark Forest of Books’
13. ‘Let Them Prepare the Malakwang Dish’.

3. SUMMARY OF THE POETRY. A Song of Lawino is a dramatic monologue which

reveals two characters, Lawino and her husband, Ocol who are in disagreement because
of their cultural differences. Both Lawino and Ocol belong to Acoli tribe. They represent
African husband and wife in early days of African independences. Lawino represents
African values while Ocol represents Western values. Therefore, Ocol is educated and
westernized while Lawino is not. The poem is a song sung by an illiterate wife who
complains about her relationship with her educated husband. Her persistent questioning
of why she is abused simply for being African.
This anthology (collection) of poems consists of the total number of 13 poems. There are
three groups of 13 poems which both express the character of Lawino. These three
groups are as follows:

4. ANALYSIS OF THE FORM. This long poem, monologue is divided into 13 poems
which have been grouped into three groups according to the themes or content.
The following is the analysis of the elements of the form as found in the poetry.

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Analysis of ‘Song of Lawino,’ ‘Lost Beauty,’ & Other Poems Emmanuel Kachele

(i) The title: ‘Song of Lawino’ is a monologue poem. The title of the poem is symbolic
of the cry or song sung by most Africans who are brutalized by the influence of
Western culture in their societies.
(ii) The type of the poem. The type of the poem is a modern long dramatic narrative
poem or monologue that involves one character who narrates hi/her actions and
situations to silent listeners.
(iii) The setting. The setting of the poem is post-independence Uganda. The poem is set
in the African societies plagued by the evils of Western culture to the African people.
The setting of this narrative poem is African continent at the time when white men
came to Africa. The white men brought Western culture, education and Christianity
that were alien to Africa.
(iv) The Plot. This is the arrangement or series of events in a work of art. The plot of this
long poem is straightforward and is organized into three parts in which each part has
its contents as discussed by the poet. The plot. The plot of the poem is chronological
in the sense that the events happen chronologically from the beginning to the end.
This is exemplified by the part of the poem called Song Of Ocol which is the
continuation of the events raised in the Song of Lawino.

Part One: Lawino is scorned by Ocol, her husband

Part One Summary
Lawino is the one who is scorned by Ocol for her adherence to African ways of life.
Lawino is against Ocol’s Western views. She is also against Clementine who has stolen
Ocol from her.
Part One Poems:
‘My Husband’s Tongue is Bitter.’
‘The Woman With Whom I Share My Husband’.
‘I Do Not Know The Dances of White People’.
‘My Name Blew Like a Horn Among the Payira’.
‘The Graceful Giraffe Cannot Become a Monkey’.

Summary of Part One Poems

Summary of Poem 1: ‘My Husband’s Tongue is Bitter’.
In this poem Ocol insults Lawino and looks down her. Lawino tells us how Ocol insults
and looks down on her and her ways, family, clan, and all black people and their
traditional ways. Lawino reacts to Ocol’s insults by mocking him with his Western ways.

Summary of Poem 2: ‘The Woman With Whom I Share My Husband’.

In this poem, Lawino attacls Clementine, a city girl who is her rival for Ocol’s love. She
despises the way Clementine lives that are artificial ways of beautifying herself like using

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Analysis of ‘Song of Lawino,’ ‘Lost Beauty,’ & Other Poems Emmanuel Kachele

cosmetics, wearing wigs, slimming and other similar ways. Lawino thinks that she can
compete with Clementine by welcoming her husband warmly, and by preparing good
meals and other traditional things.

Summary of Poem 3: ‘I Do Not Know The Dances of White People’.

Lawino attacks European dances in this poem. She says the Europeam dances are
meaningless, immoral and unhygienic. They encourage people to embrace and kiss in
public and hence ignoring the respect for relatives. In addition, they dance in darkness,
with the dancers drunk, smoking and wearing improper dresses. For Lawino, she prefers
the African traditional dances which she believes are meaningful, require skills and they
are danced in broad day light and in the open air.

Summary of Poem 4: ‘My Name Blew Like a Horn Among the Payira’.
In this poem, Lawino talks about Acoli’s games, dances and songs. She describes the
games, ornaments and other accomplishments of the Acoli’s youth. She remembers how
beautiful and skillful she was when she was still young and how she used to be admired
by all the boys including Ocol because of her beauty, singing and dancing.

Summary of Poem 5: ‘The Graceful Giraffe Cannot Become a Monkey’.

Lawino blames and condemns Western hairstyle in the poem. She condemns the Western
hair treatment and the wearing of wigs and handkerchiefs. She sees that there is no reason
for copying the Europeans in their fashions and styles because what is good for
Europeans may not be necessarily good for Africans. She also describes the beauty of
traditional hairstyles and adornments of body and the way they attract young men.

Part Two: Lawino decides to defend herself

Part Two Summary
In Part Two, Lawino decides to defends herself. He defends the customs of her ancestors
with more and more profound comparisons between Western and Acoli ways.

Part Two Poems

‘The Mother Stone Has a Hollow Stomach’.
‘There is No Fixed Time for Breast Feeding’.
‘I Am Ignorant of the Good Word in the Clean Book’.
‘From the Mouth of What River?’
‘The Last Safari to Pagak’
‘The Buffalos of Poverty knock She People Down’.

Summary of Part Two Poems

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Analysis of ‘Song of Lawino,’ ‘Lost Beauty,’ & Other Poems Emmanuel Kachele

Summary of Poem 6: ‘The Mother Stone Has a Hollow Stomach’.

In this poem, Lawino confesses her ignorance to eating with forks and spoons. Lawino
confesses her ignorance to Western ways of eating. She despises the tastelessness of the
tinned and frozen foods and the cooking stoves of the Whitemen. She describes how
every young Acoli girl is taught to look after the home and prepare food. She also
describes how nicely her mother’s house is organized.

Summary of Poem 7: ‘There is No Fixed Time for Breast Feeding’.

In this poem, Lawino compares the Western ways of telling time. She compares the
process by counting seconds, minutes, and hours by clocks with the African traditional
ways of observing nature or by needs felt by human beings. She makes fun of Ocol for
becoming slave of time to the extent of being unhappy and restless and blames him for
treating his children and relatives with great disrespect for the sake of observing time.

Summary of Poem 8: ‘I Am Ignorant of the Good Word in the Clean Book’.

The poem shows how Lawino is ignorant of Christianity. She has different attitudes
towards Christianity. Lawino expresses her views to those who preach Christianity. She
blames the preachers of Christianity for misleading and maltreating their converts. She
shows that the missionaries are wrong in their ways of thinking, education, sexual
morality and naming individuals. She blames the preachers again for preaching good
things but practicing things contrary to Christian ways. She also thinks that it is better to
join with her poor people in the area where meaningful and relevant songs and cultural
activities are performed.

Summary of Poem 9: ‘From the Mouth of What River?’

In this poem, Lawino criticizes the preachers and Christian doctrines. This chapter
continues the criticism and attacks on the Christian preachers. Lawino criticizes them for
failing to answer the questions concerning the religion. She also questions the Christian
doctrines on creation, virgin birth and Eucharist.

Summary of Poem 10: ‘The Last Safari to Pagak’

In this poem, Lawino tells how Ocol despises traditional medicines, hygiene, food, and
child upbringing. She believes that like European medicines, some Acoli medicines work
and so do, not. She compares her beliefs in traditional spirits and charms to Ocol’s beliefs
in rosaries, angels and the power prayer.

Summary of Poem 11: ‘The Buffalos of Poverty knock She People Down’.
In this poem, Lawino attacks local leaders of two rival political parties including Ocol’s
Party. She attacks these parties very furiously. Ocol and his brother, are all leaders of
these political parties and they talk about independence, unity, and peace but they only

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Analysis of ‘Song of Lawino,’ ‘Lost Beauty,’ & Other Poems Emmanuel Kachele

bring conflicts, more misunderstandings and disunity even within their families. She also
attacks the folly of these leaders like engaging in political conflicts, and forgetting the
sufferings of the people under poverty, ignorance and diseases.

Part Three: Lawino has desire to win Ocol’s love

Part Three Summary
Part Three of the book sums up the concerns of the two parts above with all poems
discussed. Part Three shows Lawino’s desires to win back Ocol’s love and admiration. It
also portrays the commentary on Acoli community and an appeal for the renewal of
traditional ways.

Part Three Poems

‘My Husband’s House is a Dark Forest of Books’
‘Let Them Prepare the Malakwang Dish’.

Summary of Part Three Poems

Summary of Poem 12: ‘My Husband’s House is a Dark Forest of Books’
In this poem, Lawino tells the irrelevance and effects of Western education. She exposes
the irrelevance and effects of Western education in various ways. She asks Ocol of what
use for him are the books as a person,if the knowledge in them cannot help to create a
better society. According to Lawino, the books have killed Ocol as a man. Western
education has brought him to the point where he belongs neither to European culture nor
to African culture.

Summary of Poem 13: ‘Let Them Prepare the Malakwang Dish’.

In this poem, Lawino advises Ocol on how to regain and retain his last manhood.
According to Lawino herself, Ocol can do that by throwing away all the symbols of
hypocrisy, by begging for forgiveness of the elders, offering traditional sacrifices and by
using traditional doctors and medicines.
(v) Characterization. The poet has created the realistic characters who appeal to the
experiences of the modern societies. In this dramatic poem, the three main characters
have been created; they are Lawino, Ocol, and Clementine. Lawino is the central
character of this anthology.
The following is detailed explanation of these characters:
1. LAWINO.
 EDUCATION. She is an African woman who has no any formal education. She
is not even converted to Christianity.
 WIFE. She is the wife of Ocol.
 CULTURALIST. She is proud of her status as African woman. She is also proud
of cultural things especially Acoli culture.

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Analysis of ‘Song of Lawino,’ ‘Lost Beauty,’ & Other Poems Emmanuel Kachele

 TRADITIONALIST. She is a strong upholder of African traditions (good or

bad).
 RESPONSIBILITY. She is a responsible mother who cares about her children
and her husband, Ocol.
 UNINTERESTED IN WESTERN CULTURE. She despises all Western ways
of life (good or bad) that are followed by her husband.
 JEALOUSY. She is jealous especially for Clementine.
 PROTEST. She protests against Africans who change their ways of living and
adopt those of the Whites.

THE END OF THE NOTES

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Part Five: FUNCTIONS OF LITERATURE

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Part Six: FICTION AND NONFICTION

Part Seven: TYPES OF LITERATURE
Part Eight: ELEMENTS OF LITERATURE
CHAPTER TWO: ANALYSIS OF ‘O’ LEVEL CLASS READERS
HAWA THE BUS DRIVER
KALULU THE HARE
CHAPTER THREE: INTERPRETING SIMPLE POEMS: FORMS
INTRODUCTION
Analysis of ‘WHAT A HUMAN BEING DOES’
Analysis of ‘GOOD HERE! BAD THERE!’
Analysis of ‘THE BUNCH OF BANANA STOOPS WHERE IT IS’
Analysis of ‘MY BROTHER’
CHAPTER FOUR: ANALYSIS OF NOVELS
PASSED LIKE A SHADOW
UNANSWERED CRIES
CHAPTER FIVE: ANALYSIS OF PLAYS
BLACK HERMIT
THE LION AND THE JEWEL
CHAPTER SIX: ANALYSIS OF POETRY
Part One: Analysis of ‘Song of Lawino’
Part Two: Analysis of ‘Lost Beauty’
Part Three: Analysis of ‘Eat More’
Part Four: Analysis of ‘Ballad of the Landlord’
Part Five: Analysis of ‘If We Must Die’
Part Six: Analysis of ‘Your Pain’
Part Seven: Analysis of ‘An Abandoned Bundle’

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Part Three: NATURE AND ORIGIN OF LITERATURE
Part Four: LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE

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Analysis of ‘Song of Lawino,’ ‘Lost Beauty,’ & Other Poems Emmanuel Kachele

Part Five: FUNCTIONS OF LITERATURE

Part Six: FICTION AND NONFICTION
Part Seven: TYPES OF LITERATURE
Part Eight: ELEMENTS OF LITERATURE
CHAPTER TWO: ANALYSIS OF NOVELS
HOUSEBOY
THE LION AND THE JEWEL
CHAPTER THREE: ANALYSIS OF PLAYS
THE LION AND THE JEWEL
KINJEKETILE
CHAPTER FOUR: ANALYSIS OF POETRY
Part One: Analysis of ‘Eat More’
Part Two: Analysis of ‘Ballad of the Landlord’
Part Three: Analysis of ‘If We Must Die’
Part Four: Analysis of ‘Your Pain’
Part Five: Analysis of ‘An Abandoned Bundle’

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Other Analysed Literary Works by the Author

 An Introduction to Literature
 Hawa the Bus Driver
 Kalulu the Hare
 Passed Like a Shadow
 Unanswered Cries
 Black Hermit
 The Lion and the Jewel
 Song of Lawino
 Lost Beauty
 Eat More
 Ballad of the Landlord
 If We Must Die
 Your Pain
 An Abandoned Bundle

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Analysis of ‘Song of Lawino,’ ‘Lost Beauty,’ & Other Poems Emmanuel Kachele

 Houseboy
 The Old Man and the Medal
 The Lion and the Jewel
 Kinjekitile
 The Wonderful Surgeon and Other Poems

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 CERTIFICATE OF SECONDARY EDUCATION EXAMINATION (CSEE)

MOCK EXAMINATIONS – KATAVI 2019
 TANGANYIKA DC FTNA MOCK EXAMINATIONS, AUGUST 2020
 TANGANYIKA DC CSEE MOCK EXAMINATIONS, AUGUST 2020

References
 Okot P’ Bitek (1968) Song of Lawino, Heinemann, Kampala
 TIE (1996) Selected Poems, TIE, Dar es Salaam.
 Mabala, R.S (1980) Summons, Tanzania Publishing House Ltd, Dar es Salaam.
 Microsoft® Encarta® 2009. © 1993-2008 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

About the Author

Emmanuel Alkado Kachele (Manny Kachele) is a UDOM Alumni and a teacher who has been
teaching English language and Literature for both Private and Government Secondary Schools
since 2008. He has taught English Language and Literature in Tuition Centres, Private Schools,
and Government Schools in Rukwa, Iringa, Ruvuma, and Katavi respectively. In general, he has
been known as English language and Literature teacher for ‘O’ Level and ‘A’ level respectively.
He is currently an Educational Blogger and Head of Sibwesa Secondary School in Katavi Region.
Apart from being a blogger, he is active on numerous social media platforms where you can always
get in touch with him anytime. He can answer your questions through: Facebook as Manny
Kachele, Instagram as mannykachele, Twitter as @mannykachele, LinkedIn as Manny Kachele,
and Pinterest as Manny Kachele. He also manages the following Facebook Pages: Manny Kachele
& Kachele Online as well as one Facebook Group: English bit by bit.

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Analysis of ‘Song of Lawino,’ ‘Lost Beauty,’ & Other Poems Emmanuel Kachele

He has now founded his own blogs; Kachele Online Blog and English Bit by Bit Blog so that
he can share more materials with the students and the teachers as well. He also runs the blog
Kachele Diary Blog where he shares his passion for diary keeping life.

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