Gravity Assist / Minimal

Joint Position of Type of

ROM degrees Primary Muscles Resist / No Strength
Motion Contraction
Effect Required
Triceps Brachii,
Elbow Extension 90 - 0 Assists 3 Concentric
Anconeus
Elbow Flexion 90 - 120 Biceps Brachialis Resists 3 Concentric

Finger Extensors
Cylindrical Grasp and Flexors, No effect 3 Isometric
Interossei

Wrist Stabilisation All wrist muscles No effect 3 Isometric

Extensor Carpi
Radialis Longus,
Extensor Carpi Concentric and
Wrist Extension 45 - 0 Assists 3
Radialis Brevis, Isometric
Extensor Carpi
Ulnaris
Flexor Carpi
Radialis, Flexor Concentric and
Wrist Flexion 0 - 45 Resists 3
Carpi Ulnaris, Isometric
Palmaris Longus

Anterior Deltoid,
Shoulder Flexion 0 - 75 Coracobrachialis, Resists 3 Concentric
Pectoralis Major

Posterior Deltoid,
Shoulder
0 - 45 Latissimus Dorsi, Assists 3 Concentric
Extension
Teres Major

Scapular
3.5cm Serratus Anterior No effect 3 Concentric
Protraction
Scapular Trapezius
3.5cm No effect 3 Concentric
Retraction (middle)
Trunk Isometric /
All trunk muscles No effect 3
Stabilisation Eccentric
 Gravity Assist / Minimal
Joint Position of Type of
ROM degrees Primary Muscles Resist / No Strength
Motion Contraction
Effect Required

Biceps Brachialis,
Elbow Flexion 0 - 120 Resists 3 Concentric
Brachioradialis

Finger Extensors
Cylindrical Grasp and Flexors, No effect 3 Isometric
Interossei

Wrist Stabilisation All wrist muscles No effect 3 Isometric

Flexor Carpi
Radialis, Flexor
Wrist Flexion 0 - 45 Assists 3 Concentric
Carpi Ulnaris,
Palmaris Longus
Extensor Carpi
Radialis Longus,
Extensor Carpi
Wrist Extension 0 - 45 Resists 3 Concentric
Radialis Brevi,
Extensor Carpi
Ulnaris

Abductor Pollicis
Longus, Flexor
Carpi Radialis,
Radial Deviation 0 - 30 Extensor Carpi No effect 3 Concentric
Radialis Longus,
Extensor Carpi
Radialis Brevis
? Ulnar Deviation 0 - 30 No effect 3
? MCP Flexion Assists 3 Concentric
Flexor Digitorum
Proximal
Superficialis,
Interphalangeal 0 - 90 Assists 3 Concentric
Flexor Digitorum
Flexion
Profundus
Distal
Flexor Digitorum
Interphalangeal 0 - 90 Assists 3 Concentric
Profundus
Flexion
Infraspinatus,
Shoulder External
0 - 30 Teres Minor, Resists 3 Concentric
Rotation
Posterior Deltoid
Trunk
All trunk muscles No effect 3 Isometric
Stabilisation
 Gravity Assist / Minimal
Joint Position of Type of
ROM degrees Primary Muscles Resist / No Strength
Motion Contraction
Effect Required
Flexor Digitorum
Proximal
Superficialis,
Interphalangeal 0 - 90 Assists 3 Concentric
Flexor Digitorum
Flexion
Profundus
Distal
Flexor Digitorum
Interphalangeal 0 - 90 Assists 3 Concentric
Profundus
Flexion
Triceps Brachii,
Elbow Extension 90 - 0 Assists 3 Concentric
Anconeus

Biceps Brachialis,
Elbow Flexion 0 - 120 Resists 3 Concentric
Brachioradialis

Wrist Stabilisation All wrist muscles No effect 3 Isometric

Flexor Carpi
Radialis, Flexor Concentric and
Wrist Flexion 0 - 45 Resists 3
Carpi Ulnaris, Isometric
Palmaris Longus
? Ulnar Deviation 0 - 30 Assists 3 Concentric
Shoulder Supraspinatus,
0 - 90 Resists 3 Concentric
Abduction Deltoid (middle)

Subscapularis,
Deltoid (anterior),
Internal Rotation 0 - 80 Teres Major, Assists 3 Concentric
Pectoralis Major,
Latissimus Dorsi

Pectoralis Major,
Shoulder Deltoid (anterior),
90 - 0 Assists 3 Concentric
Adduction Trapezius,
Coracobrachialis

Infraspinatus,
External Rotation 0 - 90 Teres Minor, Resists 3 Concentric
Deltoid (posterior)

Trunk
All trunk muscles No effect 3 Isometric
Stabilisation
Pronator Teres,
Pronation 0 - 80 Pronator Assists 3 Concentric
Quadratus

Extensor Pollicis
Thumb Extension 0 - 50 Longus, Extensor No effect 3 Concentric
Pollicis Brevis