PHYSIOLOGY

While I am running

NAMA : ZAHWAN NAZRAN BIN ZAIDAN (MBBS0321294)

MUHAMMAD LUQMANULHAKEEM B MOHD MAHAYUDIN

(MBBS0321297)

LECTURER : DR FATMA S. A. SAGHIR

DUE DATE : 5 MAY 2021

 Table of Contents

Essay 2

References 3

1
Essay

Running is an activity of going somewhere quickly on foot, as a sport or for pleasure. A

lot of energy is used during running. Some energy sources include Phosphagen system,

Glycogen-Lactic Acid system, Aerobic system and Anaerobic system. Phosphagen system uses

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) in small amounts to give maximal muscle power sufficient for 3

seconds only, and Creatine Phosphate which is to recreate the ATP. Glycogen-Lactic Acid

system provides an additional 1 to 5 minutes of maximal muscle activity for running. Aerobic

System involves oxidation in mitochondria to release large amounts of ATP while Anaerobic

System occurs as O2 supply is inadequate. As fatigue occurs, oxygen debt happens. Oxygen debt

is the oxygen needed by the muscles to contract which is supplied during oxygen recovery.

When we exercise, lactic acid is produced and starts to accumulate. During recovery, oxygen is

supplied to oxidize the lactic acid to carbon dioxide and water. The released energy is used to

replenish the energy stores in muscle (ATP and CP). Accumulation of lactic acid makes the debt

and its oxidation pays back the debt. The gastrocnemius muscle in the lower limb must contract

moderately rapidly to provide sufficient velocity of limb movement for running and jumping.

When a person performs massive whole-body exercise, specifically running, the increase in

arterial pressure is often only 20 to 40 mm Hg. This lack of a large increase in pressure results

from the extreme vasodilation that occurs simultaneously in large masses of active muscle.

2
References

1. Cristopher Zinner, Billy Sperlich (2016). Marathon Running: Physiology, Psychology,

Nutrition and Training Aspects. Springer International Publishing Switzerland.

2. John Hall, Michael Hall (2021). Textbook of Medical Physiology 14th Edition. Elsevier

Inc.

3. M.A. Thompson (2017). Physiological and Biomechanical Mechanisms of Distance

Specific Human Running Performance. Integrative and Comparative Biology. Retrieved

from: https://doi.org/10.1093/icb/icx069