Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Hint: An electric dipole is a pair of two charges equal in magnitude (q) but opposite in nature (i.e. one is a
positive charge and other is a negative charge). The two charges are separated by a distance of length 2a.
Kq
Formula used: V =
r
(1 ± x)
n
≈ 1 ± nx , if x is very much small.
Consider a point P at the coordinates (x,y). The distance of the point from origin be r making an angle θ Deriving Electric Field From
Potential
with positive x-axis.
Electric Field Due to Point Charge
Electric Dipole
Electric potential due to a charge q at a point, which is at a distance r from the charge is given as
Kq
V = , Where V is the potential due to the charge and K is permittivity of free space. Now, the
r
electric potential at point P will be due two charges (+q and -q).
Kq
Therefore, V 1 =
−−−−−−−−−−−
.
2
√(x − a) 2
+ y
And
Kq
V2 = − ………. (ii).
r2
−Kq
Therefore, V 2 =
−−−−−−−−−−−
.
2 2
√(x + a) + y
Kq Kq
This implies that V = V1 + V2 = −−−−−−−−−−− − −−−−−−−−−−−
2 2
√(x − a) 2 √(x + a) 2
+ y + y
⎛ ⎞
1 1
V = Kq ⎜
−−−−−−−−−−−
−
−−−−−−−−−−−⎟
…….(iii).
2 2
2 2
⎝ √(x − a) + y √(x + a) + y ⎠
−−−−−−−−−−−
Consider the expression √(x ± a) 2
+ y
2
.
But x 2
+ y
2
= r
2
.
−−−−−−−−−−−
Therefore, expression (1) can be written as √r 2
± 2ax + a
2
.
−−−−−−−−−−− −− −−−−−
Since r>>>>a, √r 2
± 2ax + a
2 2
≈ √r ± 2ax .
From the figure we know, x = rcosθ . Substitute the value of x in the above equation.
−− −−−−− −− −−−−−−−−−
Therefore, √r 2 2
± 2ax = √r ± 2ar cos θ .
−−−−−− −−− −
−− −−−−−−−−− 2a cos θ
2
⇒ √r ± 2ar cos θ = r√1 ± …….(2).
r
2a cos θ
Here, is a very much small value because r>>>>a.
r
−−−−−−−−−−− −−−−−−−−−−−
Therefore, √(x + a) 2
+ y
2
≈ r + a cos θ and √(x − a) 2
+ y
2
≈ r − a cos θ
r + a cos θ − (r − a cos θ)
⇒ V = Kq ( )
(r − a cos θ) (r + a cos θ)
r + a cos θ − r + a cos θ
⇒ V = Kq ( )
2 2 2
(r − a cos θ)
2a cos θ
⇒ V = Kq (
2 2 2
) .
(r − a cos θ)
KP cos θ
Therefore, the electric potential due to an electric dipole at a given point is equal to 2 2 2
.
r − a cos θ
Special cases:
(i) When the given point is on the axial line of the dipole (i.e. θ = 0 ).
We know cos 0 = 1 .
KP cos 0 KP
Hence, V =
2 2 2
=
2 2
r − a cos 0 r − a
π
(ii) When the given point is on the equatorial axis of the dipole (i.e. θ = )
2
π
Substitute θ = in equation (iv).
2
π
KP cos( )
2
Therefore, V =
π
.
2 2 2
r − a cos ( )
2
π
We know cos( ) = 0 .
2
π
KP cos( )
KP (0)
2
Hence, V =
π
=
2 2
= 0 .
2 2 2 r − a (0)
r − a cos ( )
2
Therefore, when the given point is on the equatorial axis, the electric potential is zero.
Note: You may be thinking about the condition on r that it should be very much greater than a. there is a
valid reason for this condition. We study the concept of dipole because molecules exist in the form of
dipoles. For example, the bond between oxygen atom and hydrogen atom in water molecules is a dipole
moment. You may know that the distance between these atoms is very small and therefore it is negligible
when compared to the distance r, from its midpoint.
Related Questions
The potential at a point 20cm away in a direction making an angle of 30 with axis is ∘
A. 1.12 V
B. 2.12 V
C. 2.4 V
D. 1.536 V
Two point charges $$ \pm 3.2 \times {10^{ - 6}}C$$ are separated by a distance of $2.4 \times {10^{ - 10}}$
from each other. Find the electric potential due to this dipole at a point P which is at a distance $3\,cm$ from
the center of the dipole. The position vector of P w.r.t. the center of the dipole makes an angle of $30^\circ $
with the dipole.
A. $7.68 \times {10^{ - 3}}V$
B. $\sqrt 3 \times 3.84 \times {10^{ - 3}}V$
C. $\sqrt 3 \times 1.97 \times {10^{ - 3}}V$
D. $3.84 \times {10^{ - 3}}V$
NCERT Book Solutions Reference Book Solutions Question Papers Exams Quick Links
NCERT HC Verma Solutions Previous Year Question Paper IIT JEE JEE Crash Course
NCERT Solutions RD Sharma Solutions CBSE Previous Year Question Paper for Class 10 NEET NCERT Books
NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths RD Sharma Class 10 Solutions CBSE Previous Year Question Paper for Class 12 AIIMS CBSE Board
NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Physics RD Sharma Class 9 Solutions Sample Paper KVPY CBSE Syllabus
NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Chemistry RS Aggarwal Solutions CBSE Class 12 Sample Papers KCET ICSE Board
NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology RS Aggarwal Class 10 Solutions CBSE Class 10 Sample Papers COMEDK Free Study Materials
NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Maths ICSE Class 10 solutions ICSE Class 10 Sample Papers BITSAT Question & Answers
NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Physics Lakmir Singh Solutions Maths VITEEE Revision Notes
NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Chemistry Text Book Solutions Physics OLYMPIAD Important Questions
NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology Important Formulas Chemistry STATE BOARDS Worksheets
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Math Formula Biology Child Safety
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Physics Formula Practice Questions Terms and Conditions
NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Maths Chemistry Formula Privacy Policy
NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science