INTRODUCTION

❖ Engineering is a term used for the profession in which a knowledge of

the mathematical and natural sciences, gained by study, experience,
and practice, is applied to the efficient use of the materials and forces
of nature.
❖ The term Engineer properly denotes a person who has received
professional training in pure and applied science.
❖ Between the professional engineer and the craftsman or tradesman,
are those individuals known as sub-professionals or
paraprofessionals, who apply scientific and engineering skills to
technical problems.
❖ Typical of these, are engineering aides, technicians, inspectors,
draftsmen, and the like.
Science
Engineering
Technology
Advantages of Technology
Engineer
 Engineering Branches
• Civil Engineering
• Mechanical Engineering
• Production Engineering
• Chemical Engineering
• Bio Technology
• Bio Engineering
• Bio Medical Engineering
• Aerospace Engineering
• Aeronautical Engineering
• Electrical Engineering
• Electrical & Electronics
Engineering
• Electronics & Communication
Engineering
• Electronics & Instrumentation
Engineering
• Computer Science &Engineering
• Information Technology
• Industrial Engineering
• Automobile Engineering
• Mechatronics
• Material science engineering
• Marine engineering
• Mining Engineering
• Bio Chemical Engineering
• Agricultural Engineering
• Architectural Engineering
 Science v/s Engineering
• Science:
– Investigation, understanding, and discovery of nature, its
composition, and its behavior (i.e., “laws of nature”)
– Why
– Build (experiments, tools, devices, etc.) to learn
• Engineering:
– Manipulating the forces of nature to advance humanity
– How
– Learn to build (products and services useful for humans)
 What is Engineering―I
• Engineering: Latin root, ingeniere, to design or to devise
• Engineering is design under constraint

↓
device, component, subsystem, system such as

Airplane Heart Valve

Engine Air Conditioner

Skyscraper Microcontroller Prosthetics Bridge

 What is Engineering―II

• Successful engineering design improves

quality of life while working within technical,
economic, business, societal, and ethical
constraints.
• Technology: Outcome of engineering
 Engineering Defined―I

• Profession in which knowledge of math and

natural sciences, gained by study, experience,
and practice, is applied with judgment to
develop ways to use, economically, the
materials and forces of nature for the benefit
of mankind.
– Accreditation Board for Engineering and
Technology (ABET)
– National Board of Accreditation (NBA)
 Engineering Defined―II

• Profession
• Math and natural sciences
• Knowledge acquired by study, experience, and
professional practice
• Knowledge applied with judgment
• Attention must be paid to constraints (economic,
materials, forces of nature)
• Benefit of mankind
• Not based solely on trial, error, intuition
 Mechanical Engineering
Machinery, Production, Manufacturing

Machines & Mechanism Manufacturing

 Mechanical Engineering
Analysis & Design

Aerodynamic Design of Vehicles Compute Aided Analysis & Design

 Mechanical Engineering
Energy

Wind Energy Fuel Cell

 Mechanical Engineering
Air & Space

UAV

Space Shuttle
Mechanical Engineering
Systems

Utilities
Robotics
 Civil Engineering

Analysis & Design

Foundation Structural Analysis

 Civil Engineering
Construction

Bridge
Tunnel
Skyscraper
Civil Engineering
Environmental

Water Treatment
 Civil Engineering

Systems

Transportation Utilities
 Electrical Engineering

Motor
Electrical & Electronic Circuits
Electricity

Generator
 Electrical Engineering
Instruments

Oscilloscope
Power Supply

Measurement
Electrical Engineering
Radar
 Electrical Engineering
Communication & Networks

Communication Network
 Engineering Majors
• Aerospace • Industrial
• Agricultural • Manufacturing
• Architectural • Materials
• Bioengineering • Mechanical
• Biochemical
• Mechatronics
• Biomedical
• Ceramic • Metallurgical
• Chemical • Mining
• Civil • Naval
• Computer • Nuclear
• Construction • Petroleum
• Cryogenic • Software
• Electrical • Structural
• Electronic • Systems
• Environmental
• Textile
• Tissue
 What Engineers Do―I
• Research: Advance field
• Development: Lab to market
• Testing: Verify integrity, reliability, quality
• Design: Develop specs for manufacturing,
construction, etc.
• Analysis: Use math models to aid in R&D
• Systems: Integrate components to produce
functioning product Manufacturing: Develop plants
and process to make products
• Construction: Build
 What Engineers Do―II
• Facility/Plant Operation
• Maintenance
• Technical Support
• Customer Support
• Sales
• Consulting
• Management
• Others
 Why Engineering in K-12
• Real-world engineering applications and examples
concretize complex math and science concepts
• Students are engaged in experiential learning
• Students’ creativity is challenged, developed, and
enhanced
• Students’ soft skills in communication and team-work
are developed
• Students are better equipped for college-level work
and can become active participants in an increasingly
technological society
Role of Engineers
 THE ROLE OF ENGINEER IN NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT
• National Development refers to the ability of a
country to improve the social welfare of the
people by providing social amenities like good
education, infrastructure, medical care and social
services.
• The role of Engineer in national development
refers to the application of the knowledge of the
mathematical and natural sciences, gained by
study, experience, and practice in the provision of
social amenities like good education,
infrastructure, medical care and social services.
 Educational Growth
• Engineers play the role of guidance and counselling of
students at tender age at secondary school level in taking
decision on the choice of courses of career by sensitizing
them towards the technical and engineering discipline.
• Engineers in tertiary institution ie Polytechnic and
Universities prepare the undergraduate by taking them
through the practical knowledge of their different fields of
engineering thereby impacting upon them from their wealth
of knowledge and experience.
• Engineers inculcate in the undergraduates the need for
entrepreneurial skills for sustainable development rather
than seeking and indulging in the get rich quick practices.
 Community Development
• The Engineer deals with the creation, improvement, and
protection of the communal environment, providing facilities
for living, industry and transportation, including large buildings,
roads, bridges, canals, railroad lines, airports, water-supply
systems, dams, irrigation, harbors, docks, aqueducts, tunnels,
and other engineered constructions within a given community.

• Community Engineering: Like community Policing, community

engineering plays a very important role in the monitoring of
infrastructural development projects within the neighbourhood
with a view to ensuring adherence to standards and ethics of
engineering practice. Engineers within a community come
together as volunteers to sponsor infrastructural development
projects like boreholes, water distribution network,
construction of drainages, culverts etc.
 Incorporation of Engineering Companies

• The coming together of Engineers to incorporate

Engineering firms has come a long way in fostering
National development by ensuring continuity in
Engineering infrastructural development project,
unlike in situations where Engineering firms are
family biased where probably the principal partner
is the only Engineer and his demise means the
folding up of the company.
 Engineers and Politics

• Decision making for National Development is made

at the highest level of Government. Involvement
of Engineers in politics affords them the
opportunity to be at these policy/decision making
bodies.
• Engineers at these levels, use their professional
knowledge to attract and defend important
engineering infrastructural development projects.
• Similarly, Engineers in politics contribute to the
enhancement of the welfare of other Engineers
thereby motivating them to higher productivity for
national development.
 Engineers in Public Service

• Most of the Engineering Development

Projects are being conceptualized, designed,
supervised, evaluated and certified by the
Engineers in the Public Service.
• These Engineers also ensure that these
projects are executed according to
specifications.
• They also make necessary input towards the
procurement of Engineering Projects.
Engineering Misconception―III

Plumber Electrician
Engineering Misconception―IV

Carpenter Auto Mechanic

Engineering Misconception―V

Train Operator Printing Press Operator

Engineering Misconception―VI

PC Technician Building Supervisor/Handyman

Engineering Misconception―VII

Machinist
Welder
Engineering Misconception―VIII

Trade Profession
 Expectations for the 21st century engineer
• Strong technical capability
• Skills in communication and persuasion
• Ability to lead and work effectively as a member
of a team
• Understanding of the non-technical forces that
profoundly influence engineering decisions
(“Engineering is design under constraint.” -- NAE
President William Wulf)
• Commitment to life long learning