June 2017 A-Level Paper 1 (With MS)

Computer Science (A Level)
H446/01, Computer systems, June 2017

Mr O'Connor and Mr Digby
Please note that you may see slight differences between
this paper and the original.
Duration: 90 mins
Candidates answer on the Question paper.
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Candidate Candidate
forename surname
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• Use black ink. HB pencil may be used for graphs and diagrams only.
• Answer all the questions, unless your teacher tells you otherwise.
• Read each question carefully. Make sure you know what you have to do before starting your answer.
• Where space is provided below the question, please write your answer there.
• You may use additional paper, or a specific Answer sheet if one is provided, but you must clearly show your candidate
number, centre number and question number(s).
INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES

• The quality of written communication is assessed in questions marked with either a pencil or an asterisk. In History and
Geography a Quality of extended response question is marked with an asterisk, while a pencil is used for questions in
which Spelling, punctuation and grammar and the use of specialist terminology is assessed.
• The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.
• The total number of marks for this paper is 140.
• The total number of marks may take into account some 'either/or' question choices.
© OCR 2019. You may photocopy this page. 1 of 62 Created in ExamBuilder

1(a). An architect firm specialises in designing skyscrapers.
The firm uses high end computers with high performance CPUs, GPUs and large amounts of RAM.
(i) Give one use the firm might have for GPUs.
[1]
(ii) Describe what is meant by the term ‘RAM’.
[2]
(iii) State one characteristic a high performance CPU might have.
[1]

(b). Each computer has a multi-tasking operating system installed.
(i) State the name of and describe two methods that the operating system can use to divide the contents of
RAM.
Method 1
Name
Description
Method 2
Name
Description
[4]
(ii) Explain, giving an example, why the firm’s computers use operating systems capable of multi-tasking.
[2]

(c). The computers in the office are connected to a LAN which is connected to the Internet.
(i) The LAN is set up in a client-server network.
Give one advantage and one disadvantage to the architects’ firm of a client-server set up rather than a peer
to peer setup.
Advantage
Disadvantage
[2]
(ii) The LAN is connected to the Internet via a firewall. Describe the term ‘firewall’.
[1]
(iii) State why the architects’ firm would use a firewall.
[1]

2(a). A coach company offers tours of the UK.
A linked list stores the names of cities on a coach tour in the order they are visited.
(i) Describe what is meant by the term ‘linked list’.
[3]
(ii) The tour is amended. The new itinerary is: London, Oxford, Manchester then York. Explain how Birmingham
is removed from the linked list and how York is added. You may use the diagram below to illustrate your
answer.

[4]

(b). The program stores records about its customers.
Often an individual customer’s record needs to be accessed. This is done by searching using the Customer ID.
Explain why a hash table is better suited than a linked list to store the customer records, particularly as the
company acquires more customers.
[4]

3(a). A charitable organisation is trying to make the works of William Shakespeare available to more people.
The organisation decides to make a copy of Shakespeare’s entire works available as a downloadable text file
from its website. It further decides to compress the file before making it available to download.
(i) State an advantage to the website’s visitors of the file being compressed.
[1]
(ii) Explain why the company should use lossless and not lossy compression.
[3]

(b).
The organisation looks at using either run length encoding or dictionary encoding to compress the file
described in part (a).
Discuss the two compression methods and justify which you would recommend. You may refer to the extract of
text below to illustrate your argument.
What’s in a name? that which we call a rose

By any other name would smell as sweet;
So Romeo would, were he not Romeo call’d, [12]

4(a). A cinema offers discounted tickets, but only under one of the following conditions:
• Customer is under 18 and has a student card.
• Customer is over 60 and has ID which proves this.
Let:
A be Customer is under 18
B be Customer has a student card
C be Customer is over 60
D be Customer has ID
Q be Discount ticket issued
Complete the Boolean expression below:
Q≡ [3]
(b). The cinema has a voucher which promises free popcorn when the voucher is produced whilst buying a soft drink
or bottle of water.
Let:
E be Voucher is shown
F be Soft drink is bought
G be Bottle of water is bought
R be Free popcorn given.
This could be written as:
R ≡ (E⋀F) ⋁ (E⋀G)
(i) Complete the truth table below.

E F G (E⋀F) (E⋀G) (E⋀F)⋁(E⋀G)
1 1 1
1 1 0
1 0 1
1 0 0
0 1 1
0 1 0
0 0 1
0 0 0
[4]
(ii) Simplify the expression
(E⋀F) ⋁ (E⋀G)
[2]
Most films are now distributed to cinemas digitally. A studio allows cinemas to download its latest film 5 days
before the release date via a private download. It wants to ensure that no cinema shows it before the release
date.
(c). Describe one technical measure the studio could use to ensure that films are not shown early.
[2]

5(a).
Below is part of a program written using the Little Man Computer instruction set. This section of code can exit by
either jumping to the code labelled pass or fail depending on what value is in the accumulator when the code
is run.
test SUB ten

BRZ pass
BRP test
BRA fail
ten DAT 10
(i) Explain what the line ten DAT 10 does.
[3]
(ii) Complete the table below determining whether the program branches to pass or fail given the following
values in the Accumulator when it is run.
Starting value in Accumulator pass or fail
29
30
31
[3]

(b). The complete program is shown below:
INP entry
main STA test
BRA entry
fail LDA one
ADD main
BRA
test SUB ten

BRZ pass
BRP test
BRA fail
pass LDA
OUT entry
HLT
entry DAT 10
ten DAT 1
one DAT
(i) Give one instruction in the program that when executed, changes the value in the Accumulator.
[1]
(ii) Give one instruction in the program that when executed, changes the value in the Program Counter.
[1]

(iii) State the value the code outputs for the input 18.
[1]
(iv) State the value the code outputs for the input 37.
[1]
(v) Describe the purpose of the program.
[2]

6(a).
(i) Convert the denary number 188 to an unsigned 8-bit binary number.
[1]
(ii) Convert the denary number 188 to hexadecimal.
[1]

(b).
(i) Convert the denary number −44 to an 8-bit binary number with sign and magnitude representation.
[1]
(ii) Convert the denary number −44 to an 8-bit binary number with two’s complement representation.
[1]
(c). Explain how, using bit shift, the unsigned binary number 00101100 can be divided by 4.
[2]

(d). Demonstrate subtraction on the two numbers below, both stored in normalised floating point format, using 6 bits
for their mantissa and 4 for their exponent. Show the result in the same format. Show your working.
010010 0100 - 010010 0010
[6]

7(a). A web forum stores all its content in a database.
The forum stores details of its users in the table called Users. An extract of Users is shown below.
userID username passwordHash locked
1 Zeus 8dfa46a79248037752bba6166fcb34f8 1
2 Hera 74d39d60507eb55e000c6ec5c1265891 0
3 Poseidon b015d770d0208ddcce2c2c719fe29371 0
Describe what is meant by the term ‘primary key’, giving an example from the table above.
[2]

(b). The user’s password is passed to a function that generates a hash and the result is stored in passwordHash.
(i) Describe what is meant by the term ‘hash’.
[1]
(ii) Describe one advantage to storing the password as a hash.
[2]

(c).
Write an SQL statement to get just the passwordHash and locked values of the user Apollo.
[3]
(d).
Sometimes users can have their accounts locked if they behave inappropriately. When this is the case the
locked field is set to 1 rather than 0.
Write an SQL statement that locks the account of the user Hades
[3]

(e). The function checkAccess takes in the password the user has entered (givenPassword) along with the
password hash (passwordHash) and locked value (locked).
passwordHash and locked have already been extracted from the database before being passed to the
function. It should return the value true if a user should be allowed access to a system and false if they aren’t.
Your function should make use of the pre-written function hash() which takes in a string and returns the hash
of that string.
e.g.
hash("Hello") returns f7ff9e8b7bb2e09b70935a5d785e0cc5d9d0abf0
Complete the function checkAccess.

function checkAccess (givenPassword, passwordHash, locked)

endfunction
[4]

8.
“Developments in Artificial Intelligence mean that in twenty years’ time most people will be unemployed.”
Discuss whether or not you agree with this statement.

[9]

9(a). A website contains the following HTML:
Explain the difference between a HTML id attribute and a HTML class attribute.
[2]

(b). The html file is linked to the CSS file style.css
Text between h1 tags should be in the font Arial.
The customer quote should be on a background with the colour E8C3E1.
The introduction text should be dark red (using the named colour darkRed).
Write the code that should go in style.css to give this formatting.
[6]

(c). The code between the script tags is supposed to display a different message during the shop’s opening hours
of 09:00 and 17:00.
(i) State the name of the language used between the script tags.
[1]
Some users have reported that there is a bug and the site says the shop is closed when they log on
between 9 and 10 in the morning.
(ii) Explain how this bug can be fixed.
[1]
(iii) Give one disadvantage of this code being run client side rather than server side.
[1]

10(a) A software development team is writing a word game.
.
The team is using Rapid Application Development.
Describe the Rapid Application Development process.
[4]
(b). Players are given 10 random letters and asked to find the largest word they can make from those letters. Each
letter can only be used once. The length of the word determines the number of points awarded. e.g. a word with
6 letters would mean 6 points are awarded.
The function validateAnswer takes in the randomLetters as an array of letters and the player’s answer as
a string. It then checks if the word the player has entered only contains letters from the 10 random letters with
each letter being used only once. (At this stage the program doesn’t check if the answer provided is an actual
word.) It then returns a score, out of 10, for a valid word or 0 for an invalid word.
Example
If the random letters are

OPXCMURETN
The word COMPUTER returns 8
Whereas
The word POST returns 0 (there is no S in the random letters).
And

The word RETURN returns 0 (there is only one R in the random letters).
Complete the function validateAnswer

function validateAnswer(answer, randomLetters[])
endFunction
[6]

(c). Code is to be added to check if the word is an actual English word. All English words are stored in a binary
search tree.
Give one advantage of storing the words in a binary search tree over an array.
[1]
(d). The software team use a prebuilt library to create the Graphical User Interface.
(i) Give two advantages to the software team of using a library.
[2]
(ii) The program is compiled. Explain the process of compilation including how code from the library
becomes part of the finished program, justifying why each stage is necessary.

[9]

11(a) A half adder has the truth table shown below:
.
A B Sum Carry
1 1 0 1
1 0 1 0
0 1 1 0
0 0 0 0
Draw a half adder using logic gates.
[3]

(b). Draw the logic gates represented by the Karnaugh Map below. Show your working.
[4]
END OF QUESTION PAPER

Mark Scheme
Question Answer/Indicative content Marks Guidance
1 a i To render models of proposed 1

buildings. (1)
Run CAD software. (1) (AO2.1)
Run modelling calculations. (1)
Any example sensible to scenario.
(1)
(Max 1)
Examiner’s Comments
Some candidates did not apply the use of
GPU to the scenario. Those who did,
generally gained full marks for this
question.
ii Random Access Memory (1) 2

A form of primary memory (1)
Used to hold data and / or programs (AO1.1)
in use (1)
Volatile / Loses its contents when
power is lost. (1)
(Max 2)
iii Multiple Cores (1) 1 Accept concurrency / parallel processing

High / Fast Clock Speed (1) for pipelining
Ability to use pipelining (1) (AO1.1)
Large Cache (1)
(Max 1)
b i Paging…(1) 4 Accept same size units for MP1

…Memory is divided into fixed /
physical units (1)
Segmentation… (1) (AO1.1)
…Memory is divided logically / variable
size according to its contents. (1)
Candidates who correctly cited paging and
segmentation as the methods of dividing
memory, invariably went on to achieve full
marks.

Mark Scheme
ii Multitasking allows the user to run 2 Accept any reasonable work related
more than one program at the same answer
time. (1)
E.g. running CAD software whilst (AO1.1 –
checking emails. (1) 1 mark
AO1.2 –
1 mark )
Most candidates achieved both marks on
this question. Those who did not, either
explained multi-tasking or gave appropriate
examples. The question asked for both.
c i Advantage: 2 Accept for MP1 better security

– Centrally administered in one
location. (1) (AO1.2) Do not credit quick access as an
advantage
– One location to back up. (1)
Disadvantage:
– Central point of failure. (1)
– Can be expensive to maintain

/ set up (e.g. cabling costs,
specialist staff.) (1)
(Max 1 Advantage, 1 Disadvantage) Examiner’s Comments

Many candidates offered advantages and
disadvantages of networks in general as
opposed to those of a client-server over a
peer to peer setup.
ii A hardware device / piece of 1 Accept ‘content’ for ‘traffic / packages’

software that monitors (and filters /
blocks) traffic / packets going to and
from a network. (1) (AO1.1)
(Max 1) To achieve this mark, candidates were
required to show an understanding that
firewalls monitor traffic going to and from a
network, many only discussed one-way
traffic.

Mark Scheme
iii Prevent unauthorised access to a 1 Accept for MP1 malicious attacks / traffic
network. (1)
To restrict applications that are used
internally that have internet (AO 1.2)
access. (1)
To restrict websites that can be
accessed from within the
company. (1)
To protect the company’s data /
intellectual property. (1)
(Max 1) Most candidates gave ‘to stop malicious
attacks’ which was awarded as an
interpretation of ‘to protect company data’.
Total 14

Mark Scheme
2 a i A dynamic / data structure (1) 3 Accept ‘element’ instead of ‘node / item’

Each node / item consists of data
and pointer (1)
Pointer gives location of next (AO1.2)
node. (1) Examiner’s Comments
Surprisingly few candidates achieved full
marks on this question. Many received
some marks but in general responses
lacked detail. Centres should advise
candidates that the number of marks
awarded for questions gives an indication
of the number of different points required in
the response.
ii Description can be written: 4
– Oxford pointer changed to (AO2.1)

bypass Birmingham and point
to Manchester. (1)
– A node is created holding the

data York / York is placed is On diagram don’t penalise if the pointer
next free space / node / from Birmingham is left intact. It should be
item (1) clear in both diagram and text that Oxford
no longer points to Birmingham.
– Manchester remains in
original position and pointer
changed to point to the York
node. (1)
In diagram solution, London, Oxford and
Manchester must remain in the same
– The York node points to null positions.
(or terminator). (1)
OR via diagram eg.:
Those candidates who scored well in 2ai)
went on to achieve at least some of the
marks here. Many candidates found it
challenging to clearly explain how the
linked list was manipulated. If the question
states that ‘you may use the diagram to
illustrate your answer’, centres should
encourage candidates to do so.

Mark Scheme
b A linked list requires every node to 4 Some candidates may talk about time
be checked (until the desired record complexity: linked lists being linear / O(n)
is found). (1) and hash table being constant / O(1)
A linked list will take longer to (AO1.2 – Accept these as points 1& 2 and 3 & 4
search (as more nodes are 2 marks conjoined i.e. full marks.
added). (1)
A hash table enables direct access AO2.2 –
to the location of the record. (1)
A hash table will take the same time 2 marks)
to search (as more nodes are
added)/It takes no longer as more
records are added. (1)
Most candidates gained some credit on
this question by explaining why hash tables
are better suited than linked lists for
searching. Those who did not gain credit
described in some detail how hash tables
were structured, but did not apply their
response to the scenario.
Total 11

Mark Scheme
3 a i Downloads quicker. (1) 1 Do not accept ‘saves the user space on

Saves user money by using less their device’.
bandwidth / on data usage. (1) (AO1.2)
This question was well received by most
(Max 1) candidates, invariably scoring most marks.
ii Lossy takes away some of the 3

information from the original. (1) (AO1.1 –
Lossless preserves all the 2
information from the original. (1) marks
With text the loss of small amounts AO2.1 –
of information will make it 1mark)
unreadable. (1)
b Mark Band 3–High Level (9–12 marks) AO1.1 Points may include but aren’t limited to:
The candidate demonstrates a thorough (2) AO1 Knowledge and Understanding

knowledge and understanding of dictionary
and run length encoding for compression. AO1.2 Run length encoding relies on consecutive
The material is generally accurate and pieces of data / characters being the same.
detailed.
(2)
The candidate is able to apply their Each set of consecutive symbols can be
knowledge and understanding directly and AO2.1 represented by the symbol and its number
consistently to the context provided. of occurrences
Evidence / examples will be explicitly (3) e.g. AAAABBBBBCCC could be
relevant to the explanation. represented as 4A5B3C (or A4B5C3 or
any sensible RLE encoding)
AO3.3
The candidate is able to weigh up both In dictionary encoding frequently occurring
forms of compression and justify dictionary (5) pieces of data / groups of characters are
encoding being the better choice. replaced by symbols / tokens / smaller
groups of characters / indexes.
There is a well-developed line of reasoning A dictionary is then used to say which

which is clear and logically structured. The symbols / tokens / characters / indexes
information presented is relevant and 12 match which groups of characters.
substantiated. When decompressed the dictionary is used
to replace the tokens with the original text.
Mark Band 2-Mid Level (5–8 marks)
The candidate demonstrates reasonable AO2.1 Application
knowledge and understanding of dictionary Run Length Encoding is very unsuitable for
and run length encoding for compression; the example text. There are very few
the material is generally accurate but at consecutive repeating symbols in the text.
times underdeveloped. only instances being ll and ee
these still require 2 characters to represent
them 2l and 2e

Mark Scheme
The candidate is able to apply their Dictionary encoding is well suited.

knowledge and understanding directly to There are lots of repeating groups of
the context provided although one or two characters
opportunities are missed. Evidence / For example ‘call’ ‘name’ ‘[SPACE]we’
examples are for the most part implicitly ‘Romeo’
relevant to the explanation. We could for example have:
What’s in53? that which2 15 rose
The candidate makes a reasonable
attempt to come to a conclusion as to By5ny other3 would smell5s sweet;
which form of compression is better suited.
So4would,2re he not41’d
There is a line of reasoning presented with
some structure. The information presented 1:call
is in the most part relevant and supported
by some evidence. 2:[space]we
Mark Band 1-Low Level (1–4 marks) 3:[space]name
The candidate demonstrates a basic 4:[space]Romeo[space]

knowledge of dictionary and run length
encoding for compression; the material is 5:[space]a
basic and contains some inaccuracies. The
candidate makes a limited attempt to apply (NB candidates are unlikely to show full
acquired knowledge and understanding to compression, just a demonstration of the
the context provided. principle is sufficient. The best candidates
are likely to show an awareness that space
The candidate provides nothing more than is a character that can be used in
an unsupported assertion. compression and that upper and lowercase
letters are different. Demonstrating this is
0 marks indicative of but not a requisite of the
band.)
No attempt to answer the question or
response is not worthy of credit. AO3.3: Evaluation
Run length encoding is not suited to

natural language (more likely to be used in
simple images).
Applying it to the example the resulting text

would be the same size as the original /
worse than the original (if we use 1s to
represent every individual instance of a
character).
Dictionary encoding works well. We can

already see benefit on small piece of text.
Would fare substantially better on full
works.

Mark Scheme
Dictionary encoding is the best

compression method for this scenario.
Candidates were assessed on the quality
of their extended response in this question.
Most candidates could describe each of
the given types of compression
appropriately, with many applying them to
the scenario. Many candidates correctly
concluded that dictionary encoding was the
most appropriate in this case, but few then
went on to give clear and appropriate
justification for their assertion. In general,
most candidates scored well on this
question.
Total 16

Mark Scheme
4 a Q = (A∧B) ∨ (C∧D) 3 Accept (C∧D) ∨ (A∧B)
(AO1.2) Accept (B∧A) instead of (A∧B)
1 mark for (A∧B) Accept (D∧C) instead of (C∧D)
1 mark for (C∧D) Accept alternative notations (e.g. +/. OR /

AND)
1 mark for the ∨ joining the two parts. Accept AB as (A.B) and CD as (C.D)
Accept answers without brackets
In general, most candidates achieved all of
the available marks in these questions.
b i E F G (E⋀F) (E⋀G) (E⋀F)V 4

(E⋀G)
(AO1.2)
1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 0 1 0 1
1 0 1 0 1 1
1 0 0 0 0 0
0 1 1 0 0 0
0 1 0 0 0 0
0 0 1 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0
1 mark for each of the pairs of rows.
ii (F∨G) ∧ E 2 Accept:
(AO2.2) (G∨F) ∧ E
One mark for the (F∨G) E ∧ (F∨G)
One mark for the ∧ E E ∧ (G∨F)
In general, most candidates achieved all of
the available marks in these questions.

Mark Scheme
c Encrypt the film (1) 2 Accept
Send the key / password out on the (AO2.2) Use Digital Rights Management / DRM…
release date (1)
..To keep content encrypted until given
date.
Some candidates lost credit on this
question by failing to mention encryption.
Total 11

Mark Scheme
5 a i – Stores the value 10 (1) 3 MP3 Accept identifier
– In a memory location (1) (AO1.2)
– Given the label / symbolic address

ten (1)
Surprisingly few candidates gained full
marks on this question. Many responses
did not use appropriate assembly language
terminology e.g. label, memory location.
ii Starting value in Pass or Fail 3

Accumulator
(AO2.1)
29 Fail
30 Pass
31 Fail
1 Mark per row
Very few candidates did not gain full marks
on this question.
b i LDA (1) 1
SUB (1)
ADD (1) (AO1.2)
INP (1)
(Max 1)
Most candidates identified correctly, an
instruction which changed the value in the
Accumulator but fewer correctly identified
an instruction which changed the value in
the Program Counter.
ii BRA (1) 1
BRP (1)
BRZ (1) (AO1.2)
(Max 1)
Most candidates identified correctly, an
instruction which changed the value in the
Accumulator but fewer correctly identified
an instruction which changed the value in
the Program Counter.

Mark Scheme
iii 20 1
(AO2.1)
Candidates invariably gave both correct
output values.
iv 40 1
(AO2.1)
Candidates invariably gave both correct
output values.
v Rounds up (the number input)… (1) 2 Rounds to multiple of ten gets one mark.
…To the nearest multiple of ten (AO2.2)

(and outputs it) (1)
Total 12

Mark Scheme
6 a i 10111100 1
(AO1.2)
Again, these questions were very well
received by candidates with most scoring
full marks.
ii BC 1
(AO1.2)
b i 10101100 1
(AO1.2)
Again, these questions were very well
received by candidates with most scoring
full marks.
ii 11010100 1
(AO1.2)
c Shift Right (1) 2 Allow one mark for correct number of

places but wrong direction.
Two Places (1) (AO1.2)
Generally most candidates stated that two
bit shifts were required but some went on
to state the incorrect direction i.e. left.

Mark Scheme
d Binary point: shifted four places gives: 6 Correct answer with clear binary
01001.0 (1) subtraction/2’s complement addition
Binary point shifted two places gives: (AO1.2) calculation gives full marks.
010.010 (1)
Subtraction carried out …

01001.000 –
010.010
(1)
…’Borrowing’ shown… (1)

…Answer: 0110.110 (1)
Normalised to: Mantissa 011011 (1)
Exponent 0011 (1)
Candidates whose solution was presented
in a logical manner tended to score at least
4 marks on this question. Candidates used
different methods to find the solution, all of
which were accepted (provided the logic of
the calculation could be followed).
Centres should advise candidates to
present the layout of their responses to this
type of question in a logical manner.
Total 12

Mark Scheme
7 a A field which has a unique value for every 2

record / A unique identifier. (1)
(AO1.1 –
E.g. userID (1) 1, AO2.1

-1)
Well received and answered by most
candidates.
b i A result generated by applying an 1

algorithm / numeric process to a value. (1)
(AO1.1)
ii Hash functions are one way / can’t 2

be reverse (1)
If someone gains access to the (AO1.2 1

database they cannot access user’s mark,
password. (1) Examiner’s Comments
AO2.1 Many candidates achieved the mark in
part i) few achieved both marks in part ii)
1 mark) mostly stating as opposed to describing the
advantage e.g. ‘those who gain
unauthorised access cannot access
passwords’ without going on to say ‘hash
functions are one way’.
c SELECT passwordHash, locked (1) 3 Do not award first mark for SELECT *
FROM Users (1)
WHERE username=‘Apollo’ (1) (AO 3.2)
In most cases, candidates who achieved
marks in c) went on to achieve marks in d)
with few candidates achieving all marks in
either. Many candidates did not use correct
SQL statement structure or syntax e.g.
confusing attribute names with string
literals.

Mark Scheme
d UPDATE Users (1) 3 Allow other updating method

SET locked=1 (1) e.g. a DELETE statement followed by an
INSERT statement, for full marks e.g.
(AO 3.2)
WHERE username=‘Hades’ (1)
In most cases, candidates who achieved
marks in c) went on to achieve marks in d)
with few candidates achieving all marks in
either. Many candidates did not use correct
SQL statement structure or syntax e.g.
confusing attribute names with string
literals.
e Takes a hash of givenPassword 4 Example code:

(NB this may be done inline e.g.
if hash (givenPassword)==pa (AO 3.2)
sswordHash and locked==0
then (1)
Returns true if password is correct

and account is unlocked. (1) Candidates may have taken a different
approach - any solution that fulfils the
Returns false if account is locked (1) criteria on the left should get them marks.
Returns false if password is

incorrect (1)
Candidates were asked to complete a
function in this question. Although many
students demonstrated reasonable logic in
solving this problem, some used output
statements rather than returned values
from the function, therefore, not gaining full
marks.
Total 15

Mark Scheme
8 Mark Band 3–High Level AO1.1 Points may include but aren’t limited to:
(7–9 marks)
The candidate demonstrates a (2) AO1 Knowledge and Understanding
thorough knowledge and
understanding issues around AO1.2 Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the study of
computers and the workforce and computers displaying intelligent behaviour
Artificial Intelligence. The material is (usually characterised by decision making).
generally accurate and detailed. (2)
AI techniques include neural networks,
The candidate is able to apply their AO2.1 evolutionary computation, Bayesian
knowledge and understanding networks etc.
directly and consistently to the (2)
context provided. Evidence / Computers are well suited to certain jobs
examples will be explicitly relevant and as AI techniques improve the range of
to the explanation. AO3.3 jobs they can do is likely to increase.
The candidate provides a thorough

discussion which is well balanced. (3) AO2.1 Application
Evaluative comments are
consistently relevant and well- 9 For the argument:
considered.
Many jobs have already been taken over
by computers.
There is a well-developed line of
reasoning which is clear and Manual job such as work in the automotive
logically structured. The information industry has been replaced by robots.
presented is relevant and
substantiated. Computer based systems are attractive to
employers, they don’t require paying, don’t
Mark Band 2-Mid Level (4–6 marks) get sick and can work 24/7 without making
The candidate demonstrates mistakes.
reasonable knowledge and
understanding issues around Computer systems can be used for work
computers and the workforce and that is considered dangerous for humans
Artificial Intelligence; the material is
generally accurate but at times And for repetitive and menial tasks.
underdeveloped.
Future developments may make
The candidate is able to apply their computers better at highly skilled tasks
knowledge and understanding making computers preferable
directly to the context provided
although one or two opportunities And in the case of certain tasks (e.g.
are missed. Evidence / examples surgery) would make the use of human
are for the most part implicitly workers unethical.
relevant to the explanation.
May cite recent developments in AI (e.g.
beating world Go Champion)

Mark Scheme
The candidate provides a sound Against the argument:

discussion, the majority of which is
focused. Evaluative comments are As technology develops people will be
for the most part appropriate, required to design these new systems.
although one or two opportunities for
development are missed. It is likely to assist but not take over all
roles
There is a line of reasoning
presented with some structure. The Producing a more skilled workforce
information presented is in the most
part relevant and supported by some Developments in AI have been forecast for
evidence. many decades but never materialised.
Mark Band 1-Low Level (1–3 marks) Forecasts as to the development of AI

The candidate demonstrates a basic have always been wildly optimistic
knowledge around computers and
the workforce and Artificial There is debate as to whether AI will ever
Intelligence.; the material is basic be able to show human levels of
and contains some inaccuracies. intelligence.
The candidate makes a limited
attempt to apply acquired knowledge Tasks that humans find inherently ‘easy’
and understanding to the context are still beyond the reach of computers.
provided.
Crucially for many areas of work
The candidate provides a limited computers will have to pass the Turing
discussion which is narrow in focus. Test – i.e. converse to such a level that will
Judgments if made are weak and enable them to pass as human…
unsubstantiated. The information is
basic and communicated in an …Most believe this is still well beyond our
unstructured way. The information is current understanding. Laws would need
supported by limited evidence and changing as currently people have the right
the relationship to the evidence may to have automated decisions checked over
not be clear. by humans (DPA)
0 marks
No attempt to answer the question AO3.3 Evaluation
or response is not worthy of credit.
Candidate should have come to a well
reasoned conclusion for or against the
argument. They could come down on
either side, the important thing is they have
considered both points of view and based
their conclusion on the evidence they have
discussed.
Many candidates offered a balanced
discussion although some of the examples

Mark Scheme
used did not demonstrate that the

candidate understood the difference
between AI and robotic automation.
Conclusions were often not fully justified /
reasoned. Many candidates scored in the
mid-level band on this question.
Total 9

Mark Scheme
9 a Only one element can have a given 2

id / id is unique. (1)
Class can be used assigned to (AO1.1)

multiple elements / used multiple
times. (1) Examiner’s Comments
Those candidates who achieved credit on
this question, generally achieved both
marks.
b 6 .customerQuote must have . and

(AO3.1) opening and closing { } for 3rd mark.
#intro must have # and opening and

closing { } for 4th mark
Must match case sensitivity, except for

‘Arial’ and ‘darkRed’ and colour code
Allow quotes around Arial and darkRed
Few candidates scored more than two
marks on this question. There was a
general lack of attention to detail resulting
in fundamental mistakes e.g. missing close
bracket }; equals (=) instead of colon (:)
when setting attributes.
c i JavaScript 1 Cao do not accept Java
(AO1.1)
Well attempted by most candidates with
many scoring two out of a possible three
marks. Some candidates did not gain credit
in iii) because they cited ‘...time taken to
process’ as a disadvantage.
ii 1 Accept Change ‘greater than’ to ‘great than

or equal to’ or similar
(AO3.3)

Mark Scheme
iii – Won’t work if JavaScript is 1

disabled. (1)
– Shows incorrect message if user’s (AO2.2)

computer’s clock is wrong / in
different time zone. (1)
– (Source) code is visible allowing it

to be copied / modified. (1)
(Max 1)
Total 11

Mark Scheme
10 a – Prototype is created (1) 4
– (Evaluated and) feedback used to (AO1.1)

inform next iteration (1)
– Any changes are made (1)
– Process repeated until…(1)
…prototype becomes final

product. (1)
(Max 4) Most candidates gained some marks on
this question but few achieved full marks.
In general responses lacked attention to
detail and clarity of expression. Centres
should advise candidates that the number
of marks awarded for questions gives an
indication of the number of points required
in the response.
b – Function traverses every letter of 6

answer (1)
– Function traverses every (AO3.2)

randomLetters (1)
– Correctly checks each letter of

answer against each of
randomLetters (1)
– Returns 0 if answer contains a

letter that doesn’t occur in
randomLetters (1)
– Returns 0 if letter occurs more

times in answer than
randomLetters (1)
– Returns answer length for a valid

word.(1)

Mark Scheme
Many candidates achieved some of the
available marks on this question for
attempting to traverse each letter in the
word and each letter in the random word -
a loop with a nested loop. Some achieved
more marks for comparing the current
letters and outputting the length of the valid
word. Fewer candidates achieved the final
marks for checking if the letter was in the
word or duplicated.
c BS Tree can be searched quicker 1 Accept O(log n) search time rather than
than an array. O(n)
(AO1.2)
Very few candidates did not achieve this
mark, most correctly stating the advantage
‘faster to search’.

Mark Scheme
d i Saves time / money as prewritten (1) 2
Draws on expertise of other (AO1.2)

programmers (1)
Pre-tested (so likely to work) (1)
Can have been written in a different

language (1)
Those candidates who cited generic
(Max 2) advantages of using subroutines as
opposed to library routines did not gain
credit. The question asked for advantages
to the team of using a library.
ii Mark Band 3–High Level AO1.1 Points may include but are not limited to:
(7–9 marks)
The candidate demonstrates a (2) AO1 Knowledge and Understanding
thorough knowledge and
understanding of how source code is AO1.2 The compiler is effectively a group of
compiled and library code programs.
incorporated. The material is
generally accurate and detailed. (2) The stages of compilation are: lexical
analysis, syntax analysis, code generation
The candidate is able to apply their and optimisation.
knowledge and understanding AO2.1
directly and consistently to the A linker is then used to combine the object
context provided. Evidence / (2) code with the library code to make the final
examples will be explicitly relevant executable.
to the explanation. AO3.3
AO2.1 Application
The candidate provides a thorough (3)
discussion which is well balanced. Source code is input into a compiler
Evaluative comments are program.
consistently relevant and well- 9
considered. The first stage is lexical analysis in which..
There is a well-developed line of Comments and whitespace are removed

reasoning which is clear and
logically structured. The information Variables, and subroutines stored in
presented is relevant and symbol table
substantiated.
Which also holds data such as scope and
data type
Code is converted to a series of tokens

Mark Scheme
Mark Band 2–Mid Level (4–6 marks) The series of tokens and symbol table is
The candidate demonstrates passed onto the next stage, syntax
reasonable knowledge and analysis:
understanding of how source code is Here the code is checked to ensure it
compiled and library code follows the rules of the language.
incorporated; the material is
generally accurate but at times This is often accomplished by placing the
underdeveloped. tokens into a (abstract syntax) tree.
The candidate is able to apply their Where it breaks the rules of the language
knowledge and understanding errors are generated.
directly to the context provided
although one or two opportunities If no rules are broken then it’s passed on to
are missed. Evidence / examples the next stage…
are for the most part implicitly
relevant to the explanation. ..Which is code generation.
The candidate provides a sound Here the object code (accept machine
discussion, the majority of which is code) is created.
focused. Evaluative comments are
for the most part appropriate, (i.e. the binary that is executed by the
although one or two opportunities for processor)
development are missed.
This code may be inefficient..
There is a line of reasoning
presented with some structure. The .. it may contain unnecessary instructions
information presented is in the most or groups of instructions that can be
part relevant and supported by some replaced by simpler ones.
evidence.
Code from the library is likely already
Mark Band 1–Low Level (1–3 marks) compiled.
The candidate demonstrates a basic
knowledge of how source code is And may well have been written in a
compiled and / or library code different language to the main program.
incorporated; the material is basic
and contains some inaccuracies. The main program source code will have
The candidate makes a limited contained lines importing the library code.
attempt to apply acquired knowledge
and understanding to the context A program called a linker can incorporate
provided. the code from the library with the main
program…
The candidate provides a limited …into a single executable file.
discussion which is narrow in focus. An alternative approach is for the main
Judgments if made are weak and executable to link to the compiled library
unsubstantiated. The information is code (i.e. dynamic linking).
basic and communicated in an
unstructured way. The information is
supported by limited evidence and
the relationship to the evidence may
not be clear.

Mark Scheme
AO3.3 Evaluation
0 marks Lexical analysis is necessary to put the
No attempt to answer the question code into a format which can be read and
or response is not worthy of credit. processed (i.e. parsed) by the syntax
analyser.
Syntax Analysis is necessary to ensure the

code is valid in as much as it meets all the
structural rules of the language. This
guarantees it will run (though it might not
do as expected and may still have
occurrences of runtime errors).
Code generation is necessary to turn the

code into a format that the processor can
understand (i.e. binary machine code).
The code optimisation whilst not

necessary, does ensure the code runs
quicker or using less memory.
Linking is necessary to ensure the library

code is incorporated into the final program.
Many candidates explained the stages of
compilation very well. Some went on to
describe how code from the library
becomes part of the finished program
equally well. Few justified why each stage
was necessary. Many candidates scored
well on this question.
Total 22

Mark Scheme
11 a 3
(AO1,1)
XOR Gate (1)
AND Gate (1)
Correct connections and no additional

gates (1)
Most candidates scored well on these
questions demonstrating their
understanding of logic gate circuits. Some
candidates simplified the circuit in part b)
which achieved full marks provided the
resultant circuit gave the same output.

Mark Scheme
b – Correctly identified groups on 4

Karnaugh map / Correct boolean
statement.(1)
(AO2.2)
– NOT A AND NOT C Gates (1)
– A AND C gates (1)
– Both sets of gates joined by OR

gate (with no other gates used).
(1)
(¬A ⋀ ¬C) ⋁ (A⋀C)
Or equivalent.
Or equivalent.
Most candidates scored well on these
questions demonstrating their
understanding of logic gate circuits. Some
candidates simplified the circuit in part b)
which achieved full marks provided the
resultant circuit gave the same output.
Total 7
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Computer Science (A Level)

H446/01, Computer systems, June 2017

OCR supplied materials:

Other materials required:

Centre number Candidate number

INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES

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(ii) Describe what is meant by the term ‘RAM’.

(iii) State one characteristic a high performance CPU might have.

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(i) The LAN is set up in a client-server network.

(iii) State why the architects’ firm would use a firewall.

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(i) Describe what is meant by the term ‘linked list’.

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What’s in a name? that which we call a rose

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B be Customer has a student card

Q be Discount ticket issued

Complete the Boolean expression below:

F be Soft drink is bought

G be Bottle of water is bought

R be Free popcorn given.

This could be written as:

(i) Complete the truth table below.

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(ii) Simplify the expression

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test SUB ten

(i) Explain what the line ten DAT 10 does.

Starting value in Accumulator pass or fail

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test SUB ten

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(v) Describe the purpose of the program.

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(ii) Convert the denary number 188 to hexadecimal.

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010010 0100 - 010010 0010

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userID username passwordHash locked

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(i) Describe what is meant by the term ‘hash’.

(ii) Describe one advantage to storing the password as a hash.

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hash("Hello") returns f7ff9e8b7bb2e09b70935a5d785e0cc5d9d0abf0

Complete the function checkAccess.

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Discuss whether or not you agree with this statement.

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Text between h1 tags should be in the font Arial.

The customer quote should be on a background with the colour E8C3E1.

Write the code that should go in style.css to give this formatting.

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